巻号一覧
25 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
高橋 史朗, 高橋 璋1969 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 145-150
発行日: 1969/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCrystalline cellulose I and amorphous cellulose II were nitrated with H2SO4 and HNO3 to produce the various nitrates which are different in the fine structure and the amounts of nitro groups. When they were treated with NO2, the behaviors of the functional groups of the products were followed by an infrared spectroscopy.
1) The nitrate ester of amorphous cellulose II was more nitrated and oxidized with NO2 than the nitrate ester of crystalline cellulose I.
2) The amount of COOH group was increased with the time of reaction, although the degree of substitution was either great or small.
3) When the degree of substitution of the nitrate was 1.0_??_1.5, the amount of the nitro group was not changed by NO2-reaction, but it was increased or decreased up to about 8.6_??_9.0N% eventually, when the degree of substitution was smaller or greater than 1.0_??_1.5, respectively. The OH group which was party denitrated by NO2-reaction appeared to be oxidized to COOH group.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (430K) -
Junji Seki1969 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 151-165
発行日: 1969/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of multiple transitions observed in various types of polyamide fibers.
When the oriented nylon fibers containing fluorescent molecules are submitted to the simultaneous measurements of flourescence and stress or shrinkage, several types of transition phenomena are observed at various temperatures (T1, T2, T3, T4=Tm) characteristic to the nature of the polymers. These transitions are defined by the abrupt change of the extent of molecular motion and the type and degree of molecular orientation in non-crystalline regions in the fibers. Each of the transitions is accompanied with the change of shrinking force. Various factors such as draw ratio, drawing condition, thermal history, water content, molecular weight and amide content in the molecular structure have serious effects on the transition phenomena. Thermal properties of crystalline regions in the fibers are examined by X-ray method and compared with the transition phenomena mentioned above.
From the results of these experiments, the mechanism of the multiple transitions are discussed minutely.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (918K) -
高橋 利禎1969 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 166-173
発行日: 1969/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is of interest to investigate the molecular order of cellulose xanthate coagurated from viscose, since the properties of regenerated cellulose, such as crystallinity, size of crystallites and crystal systems, markedly depend on the order. In the present investigation, the lattice order of cellulose xanthates coagulated in several kind of baths were studied in relation to its γ-value, components of the bath, crystal systems of regenerated cellulose. It has been observed that X-ray diffraction patterns of cellulose xanthates coagurated by dehydration depend on γ-value. Cellulose xanthate of higher γ-value give a broader X-ray diffraction diagram. The much decreased diffraction intensity of (101) reflection, which indicates the lower degree of lattice order in the direction perpendicular to the (101) planes, can be interpreted in terms of the location of hydroxyl groups on (101) planes. In cellulose xanthates, in which hydrogen bonds were broken by xanthation, regularity of (101) planes decreased.
Relatively pronounced diffraction intensity of (10_??_) and (002) planes show that these planes were mainly constructed by van der Waals force, and chains could be bound together regularly in the direction perpendicular to these planes. Crystal structure of cellulose xanthate observed by K. Hess with xanthated ramie could not be observed about cellulose xanthate reproduced by dehydration.
Cellulose xanthates coagurated in K2SO4, Na2SO4, NH4Cl, MgSO4, SrCl2 solutions show the similar X-ray diffraction patterns to that of sodium xanthate coagulated by methanol. These xanthates, being soluble in water, are thought to be mainly by dehydration even in the case of bivalent metallic salt coagurants. On the other hand, cellulose xanthates coagulated by ZnSO4 or the other multivalent metallic salts give broader X-ray patterns. It appears to be related to the crossbonds between cellulose xanthate molecules, which hinder the molecules to orient regularly even in the direction perpendicular to (10_??_) and (002) planes. Such an effect was confirmed by treatment of crystalline cellulose xanthate with ZnSO4 solutions. From the fact that this treatment caused a gradual broadning of the X-ray patterns, it may be concluded that multivalent metallic cations could penetrate into the paracrystals of cellulose xanthate to disturb their lattice order by cross-bonds.
Insoluble metal xanthates are converted into cellulose IV on regeneration in hot water as will be reported later.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1734K) -
井谷 和十郎, 細川 重三, 大沢 巧治, 木村 暉, 中野 譲1969 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 174-180
発行日: 1969/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of carding speed on the non-lint content of silver and of taker-in wastes was investigated using a conventional card in which the speed of all parts is proportional to that of the cylinder. The Shirley Analyzer and Fibrogram were used for this study, and the produced sliver was of 100 grain/yard.
The results obtained by changing of the cylinder speed from 170rpm to 340rpm were as follows;
(1) The total non-lint content in the produced sliver to the amount of lap fed is decreased from about 1.7% to 1.3%.
(2) The lint in the produced sliver measured by the Shirley Analyzer is increased by about 0.4% from 98.2% to 98.6%, while about 0.5% decrease in the yield rate of the sliver occurs, as shown in the previous report. Thus decrease of lint content in the produced sliver to the amount of lap fed becomes about 0.2%.
(3) The visible waste content in the taker-in waste to the amount of lap fed is strikingly increased, although the lint content in the flat strip and the taker-in waste to the amount of lap fed is slightly increased simultaneously.
(4) Both the mean fiber length and the distribution of fiber length of the sliver seem not to be influenced by increasing the speed of every part of the card.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (520K) -
井谷 和十郎, 細川 重三, 小谷 幸生, 中野 譲1969 年 25 巻 4 号 p. 181-188
発行日: 1969/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリー(A) The speed of the cylinder was varied into 3 to 5 steps in a range from 170rpm to 340rpm in a conventional card in which the speed of every part is proportional to that of the cylinder. For each of these steps 50, 100 and 150 grain/yd-slivers were produced. Then, produced slivers, flat strips and taker-in wastes were analyzed by the Shirley Analyzer and the results obtained were as follows:
(1) At each grain/yd of the sliver, the percentage of the lint content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed decreases slightly, while those in the flat strip and the taker-in waste increase with the increase in the speed. These rates of change, however, become smaller with the increase in grain/yd of the produced sliver.
(2) At each grain/yd of the sliver, the percentage of the visible waste content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed is decreased, whereas that in the taker-in waste is conversely increased with the increase in the carding speed. This indicates a great improvement in the quality of the sliver. However, these effects become smaller with the increase in grain/yd of the produced sliver.
(3) At each grain/yd of the sliver produced, the percentage of the invisible waste content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed decreases with the increase in the speed, but the effect becomes smaller with the increase in grain/yd of the produced sliver.
(B) The speed of cylinder was fixed at 170rpm, 250rpm and 340rpm and the amount of lap fed was increased at the constant speed of other parts of the card. Then, the produced slivers, flat strips and taker-in wastes were analyzed as in (A) and results obtained were as follows.
(1) At each speed of the cylinder, the percentage of the lint content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed increases, while those in the flat strip and taker-in waste decrease with the increase of the grain/yd of the produced sliver. These rates of increase and decrerse are constant independently of the speed of cylinder.
(2) At each speed of the cylinder, the percentage of the visible waste content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed increases strikingly, whereas that in the flat strip decreases strikingly with the increase of the grain/yd of the produced sliver. And that in the taker-in waste decreases with the increase in the grain of the produced sliver, but the decrease becoms smaller with the increase in the speed of each part of the card.
(3) At each speed of the cylinder, the percentage of the invisible waste content in the sliver to the amount of lap fed increases slightly and that in the taker-in waste decreases with the increase of the grain/yd of the produced sliver.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (472K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|