巻号一覧
28 巻, 2 号
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日比 貞雄, 前田 松夫, 渡辺 脩一, 牧野 昭二, 野村 春治, 河合 弘迪1972 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 45-52
発行日: 1972/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAn anneling effect in uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol dyed with Congo Red was studied by x-ray diffraction, visible dichroic ratio and birefringence as a function of molecular orientation.
The following results were obtained:
1) The shrinkage for the specimens annealed at a released state was explained by the recovery of the orientation in the noncrystalline chain with the release of the tension and by the fold back from the noncrystalline chains to the crystal one.
2) The phenomena of spontaneous elongation occured for the low elongated specimens annealed at a stretched state appeared.
3) The increase in orientation of the noncrystalline chains as well as the crystalline chain axis for the high elongated one was less than that for the low elongated one for the annealed specimens at a stretched state.
4) It was found that for the annealing under the molecular orientation, the noncrystalline orientation factor evaluated from the visible dichroism was in agreement with that calculated by assuming the additivity of birefringence of each for the total to be valid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (581K) -
日比 貞雄, 前田 松夫, 牧野 昭二, 野村 春治, 河合 弘迪1972 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 53-60
発行日: 1972/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe orientation of crystalline and noncrystalline chains under the swelling state of uniaxially stretched PVA dyed with Congo Red, was studied by x-ray diffraction, visible dichroism and birefringence as a function of deformation ratio.
The following results were obtained:
1) For the specimen swollen at a released state, it was found that the film shrinkage results from the release of tension in noncrystalline chain caused by swelling.
2) For the specimen swollen at a stretched state, the change of orientation after the swelling is yielded from the increasing degrees of freedom of motion of noncrystalline chain in the swelling state.
3) Except in the necking regions, the noncrystalline orientation factor evaluated from the visible dischroism agrees with that calculated by assuming the additivity of birefringences of the crystalline and noncrystalline phases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (518K) -
北尾 敏男, 山田 耕作, 山崎 隆, 相宅 省吾1972 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 61-68
発行日: 1972/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSeveral grades of polyethylene oxide (PEO), ranging in the molecular weight from 1.8×105 to 1.56×106, were subjected to melt spinning by using a single screw extruder. The optimum spinning temperatures are summerized in Table 1, and the degradation of polymer molecules by melt spinning is also listed in Table 2.
PEO, having the molecular weight of 5.4×105 ([η]=3.2) has the highest spinnabillity and it gave the thin fiber of 20 deniers.
The degree of orientation of the as-spum fibers was estimated by three different methods, i.e., birefringence, thermal retraction, and X-ray diffraction. Birefringence was measured by using a polarizing microscope equipped with a Berek compensator. The elastic deformation of the as-spun fibers was evaluated from the specimen lengths before and after the equilibrium retraction; fibers were allowed to retract in silicone oil bath at 80°C for 15 min. The crystalline orientation function was determined for the as-spun fibers as the function of draft ratio (melt-stretching ratio in the course of spinning). Both the relations of the crystalline orientation function and the elastic deformation ratio to the draft ratio indicate that the drafting up to 100 times is effective to improve the orientation, while the birefringence increases significantly in the region of draft ratio from 6 to 20 and then levels off. The difference in these orientation behaviors may be caused by the amorphous orientation.
The maximum values of birefringence, crystalline orientation function, and elastic deformation ratio are 0.026, 0.9 and 9.0, respectivity. (cf. Figs. 4, 5 and 10) Despite of the highly oriented structure, the tensile strength of the as-spun fibers is less than 1g/d, as shown in Table 3.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1872K) -
多賀 透, 今村 力造1972 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1972/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAir dried, chemically stable, powdery, polyacrolein was immersed into liquid SO2 at room temperature in order to obtain the chemically active polyacrolein-CH(OH)SO3H. After immersion for 24hrs, light brown powdery polyacrolein-CH(OH)SO3H was gained. This powder is easily soluble in water. The polyacrolein-CH(OH)SO3H was reacted with alcohols to form polyacrolein acetals, which was soluble at room temperature in several organic solvents, such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane and acetone. CH(OH)SO3H groups in polyacrolein reacted with hydroxyl groups in polyvinylalcohol and starch in the aqueous SO2 solution. Polyvinylalcohol film crosslinked with polyacrolein-CH(OH)SO3H swelled to some extent but did not dissolve in water. Furthermore, the crosslinked polyvinylalcohol film displayed high elastic recovery. 84% recovery was obtained from 35% stretch in water, and this value was retained after 10 times stress-strain repeating tests. The dynamic modulus and tan δ had a low dependency on temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
石黒 琢夫, 奥田 実1972 年 28 巻 2 号 p. 75-79
発行日: 1972/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPolyester fibers were treated with the vapours of various organic solvents under the presence of sodium carbonate. It was found that most of glycols caused the decomposition of the fiber surface and improvements in the dyeability. The most effective was the treatment in the vapour of ethylene glycol which resulted in cracks on the surface of the fibers and a remarkable increase of the dyeability towards acid and direct dyes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2649K)
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