巻号一覧
24 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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第6報 アイソタクチックポリプロピレンの立体規則性と配向性について高原 弘和, 河合 弘迪, 山田 哲三1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 261-268
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe orientation behavior of crystalline and non-crystalline phases of three kinds of polypropylene during uniaxial stretching and after annealing under a given degree of the stretching, were observed by means of simultaneous measurements of x-ray diffraction, infrared dichroic ratio and birefringence. The three kinds of polypropylene were different in isotacticity but almost same in viscosity average molecular weight with each other.
The orientation behavior of crystallites differed with the degree of isotacticity of the polymers; i.e., for lowly isotactic polymers, the preferential orientation of the crystal c-axis but random orientation of crystal a′-and b-axis around the c-axis, both with stretching, while for highly isotactic polymers, more preferential negative orientation of crystal b-axis than a′-axis, especially at low degrees of stretching, were observed. This feature suggests that some super-structures of aggregated crystallites, such as spherulite structure, would be formed for the highly isotactic polymers, but not for the lowly isotactic ones.
The orientation of crystalline and non-crystalline phases proceeded much more prominently as the increase of degree of isotacticity. This may be interpreted in terms of the effective orientation of the structural units, which should be governed by various structural factors being sensitive to the isotacticity, such as the degree of crystallinity, the size and perfection of crystallite, and the average length of non-crystalline chains.
The changes of the degree of crystallinity and the orientation of crystallites and non-crystalline chain segments during annealing under a given degree of stretching, were much affected by the degree of stretching of molecular chains before the annealing. Little change of orientation of the structural units but considerable increase of degree of crystallinity occured at relatively low degrees of stretching, and vice versa at high degrees of stretching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (633K) -
第7報 一軸延伸物の収縮挙動について高原 弘和, 河合 弘迪, 山田 哲三1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 269-276
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe orientation and orientation recovery behavior as well as the dimensional change of three kinds of isoteactic polyprophylene films, well-annealed, semi-annealed and quenched ones during cold drawing, after releasing the cold-drawn specimens at room temperature, and after heat-treating the specimens at various temperatures under non-tension, were investigated.
After the heattreatments of the highly cold-drawn specimens, the orientation recovery of noncrystalline phase proceeded much more prominently than that of crystalline phase, while after those of the intermediatly cold-drawn specimens, considerable recovery of the both phases were observed. This may be interpreated in terms of the different degree of straining of non-crystalline chains between the specimens. For the lowly stretched specimens below the yielding point, almost complete orientation recovery of both the crystalline and non-crystalline phases was observed.
For the lowly and intermediately drawn specimens, the orientation and orientation recovery behavior of the three crystallographic axes of monoclinic crystals, a′-, b- and c-axes was qualitatively interpreted in terms of polymer spherulite deformation model proposed either by Stein et al. or by Oda et al., and that of the non-crystalline chain segments was also interpreted in terms of the behavior of tie-chain molecules between the crystal lamellae within the spherulite.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1198K) -
第1報 ポリプロピレンニ軸延伸フィルムの機械的性質のバランス性今村 力造, 松本 喜代一, 貴村 旦1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 277-284
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this series of study is to investigate the biaxially stretched polymer films. In this report the changes of the structure and properties in biaxial stretching are described on polypropylene film.
Films used in this study are a T-die extruded (150μ thickness) and/or a hot-pressed (200μ thickness). The apparatus for biaxial stretching of polymer films was designed and constructed. The biaxial streching was performed both in the machine direction (M. D.) and transverse direction (T. D.) of films simultaneously or independently.
The unstretched films were stretched in a recirculating hot-glycerin bath. The films were stretched, (1) uniaxially with the constant width, (2) biaxially with successive stretching, (3) biaxially with simultaneous stretching. The stretched films were sometimes heas-set.
The orientation behaviour in these stretched films was studied by the stress-strain curve, X-ray diffractogram and infrared spectra.
Mechanical properties of the biaxially and successively stretched films were compared in both stretching directions as shown in Fig.3. The balanced value, the intersecting point of two curves (M. D. and T. D.), was illustrated in Fig.3. A good balance of properties could be achieved in the biaxially simultaneously stretched film in all directions. X-ray and polarized infrared spectra analysis support the conclusion on the balance of mechanical properties of biaxially stretched films.
The simultaneous biaxial stretching is preferable to the successive biaxial stretchihg for polypropylene film.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1904K) -
斎藤 和久1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 285-292
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAlkaline discolorations of poylacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer and polyacrylonitrile-polymethyl acrylate blend in dimethylformamide were investigated in terms of conjugated double bonds formation. Viscosity and infrared spectrum of recovered polymer were also measured.
The experimental results are summarized in the followings:
1) Discoloration is time dependent, but the change of viscosity occurs instantaneously. Therefore, discoloration reaction and chain degradation may be considered to be two independent processes. Residual discoloration after acidification of discolored solution is also time dependent so that at least two types of mechanisms may be presumed for the discoloration.
2) Alkaline discoloration of polyacylonitrile decreases remarkably with introduction of comonomer and the behavior of discoloration is reasonably explained in terms of the sequence length of acrylonitrile which relates to the conjugated double bonds formation. The large difference in discoloration behavior between copolymeric system and polymer blend provides an useful method to investigate the microstructure of acrylonitrile polymer.
3) By the application of the method, it was confirmed that the fractionation of acrylonitrilemethyl acrylate copolymer had been carried out in accordance to molecular weight, but not polymer composition.
4) Viscosity of alkaline degradated polymer seems to be independent of the original molecular weight and increases with increased of comonomer content. This phenomenon is discussed from the view point of abnormal linkage between acrylonitrile units in the polymer.
5) Infrared spectrum of alkaline treated polymer is compared with that of heat treated polymer.
6) The effects of polymerization conversion on polymer composition was investigated in terms of alkaline discoloration for different copolymeric system. The experimental result satisfies qualitatively the calculated relationship expected from monomer reactivity ratios.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (496K) -
久世 栄一, 酒井 哲也, 田口 竹成1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 293-299
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーNew weaving system is devised for the purpose of increasing production. This system in controlled by the logical method which the shuttle is picked just after touching the picking sticks and the starting orders for the driving devices of each port are signaled from the position of the shuttle in the shuttle box.
As the weaving production is determined by the numbers of pick per unit time, the production by using this system increases because the dead time with starting of each part and time lag with transfer of starting orders decrease greatly.
The starting orders for the driving devices of this system are given as output signals from the logic circuits, which are combined AND units with MEMORY units, for several inputs as main signals built by the shuttle.
Oil hydraulic cylinders or actuators which are operated by a power pump independently, are applied to the driving devices of each part of this system, and input signals detected by using some oil hydraulic switch valves.
Oil hydraulic relay valves are used as the logic units for AND and MEMORY circuits, and some two-way valves (directional control valves) are applied for the purpose of transfer of starting orders and operation for the driving devices, in combination with the switch valves and relay valves.
The above-mentioned full-hydraulic sequence control weaving system are tested under the oil pressure 50 kg/cm2, possibility of producting realization which is about 300 picks/min in case of the shuttle speed 9m/sec, is confirmed by many experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1891K) -
第2報 ガラス転移点上下における平衡論的研究岩堀 英太郎, 飯島 俊郎, 岡崎 光雄1968 年 24 巻 6 号 p. 300-308
発行日: 1968/06/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe adsorption equilibrium of disperse dyes on cellulose triacetate was investigated in the vicinity of glass transition temperature, Tg. Triacetate film was used throughout the experiment and was prepared in the same way as described in the first part of this work in which the kinetic behaviour of some disperse dyes in triacetate in the vicinity of Tg was discussed.
The adsorption isotherms of five disperse dyes were determined at 80, ° 90, ° 100°, 110, ° 120° and 130°C. A constant partition coefficient was obtained in each case. Standard affinity, -Δμ°, was calculated from the following formula;
where V is effective volume for dye adsorption. Useing this equation many workers have usually used the values of the amount of dye on polymer, [D]f, as mole per cc, which was obtained by converting the experimental value in mole per gram, with specific gravity of the polymer in dry state. In this report a more reasonable correction of V is discussed. It is assumed that the adsorption of dye takes place only in amorphous region and on the “effective surface” of polymer molecule on the wall of free volume. Based on these assumptions the correction is done on crystallinity and volume expansion in water at various temperatures. In order to determine the crystallinity, X-ray diffraction method is used. The volume expansion coefficient is calculated from the linear expansion coefficient in water which was measured in the temperature range from 40° to 130°C, and the volume of triacetate during dyeing process was estimated.
Using these data, the corrected dye saturation value, standard affinity, heat of dyeing and entropy of dyeing are obtained. According to the results of Mears the heat of solution of gases (H2, O2 and N2 etc.) into polyvinylacetate changed at Tg. But results in this report shows that the heat of dyeing and entropy of dyeing does not change at that transition temperature by the above correction. It was assumed from these results that the mechanism of dyeing above and below Tg do not change.
The effects of affinity in diffusion is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K)
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