巻号一覧
28 巻, 3 号
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住田 雅夫, 宮坂 啓象, 石川 欣造1972 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 45-51
発行日: 1972/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe orientation of amorphous chains of uniaxially drawn linear polyethylene film was investigated by the method of fluorescence polarization to study the anisotropy of orientation in the plane perpendicular to the draw axis.
In the measurement of fluorescence, the incident exciting beam was directed perpendicular to the draw axis but at various angles to the film plane. A fluorescence “dichroic” ratio R=I_??_(0°)/I_??_(90°) was used in the quantitative evaluation of the orientation of amorphous chains.
The intensities of the polarized components of fluorescence vary with the incident angle of the exciting light beam in the annealed specimen, whereas in the case of as-darwn specimen, those intensities are independent of the angle.
In the annealed specimen, the dichroic ratio R has higher value in the through direction than in the edge direction.
These results show anisotropic orientation of amorphous chains in the plane perpendicular to the draw axis.
This orientation is related to that of the crystal interfaces. Results of the polarized IR measurements provided an additional evidence for this anisotropic orientation of the amorphous region. The mode of amorphous orientation in the plane which is parallel to the direction of draw and normal to the film plane, seems to be uniaxial symmetry and not the biaxial one which may be expected from the orientation of crystal interfaces.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2047K) -
黒川 昌孝, 奥村 正勝, 滝 文夫, 小西 孝1972 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 52-60
発行日: 1972/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe breaking strength and the elongation of drawn and rolled nylon filament decreased significantly by annealing without constraint at temperatures above 200°C. But these decreases are not observed in the specimens annealed under constraint to prevent the shrinking. On the edges of the specimens weakened by annealing deformation bands were observed, and when these specimens were redrawn, cracks were formed in the deformation bands, resulting in the final rupture of the specimen. Owing to the difference of deformation between the edges and the central region, the internal stress which acts parallel to the filament axis will be generated. When this internal stress is released by the motion of molecular segments at high temperatures, the deformation bands are formed. Results of electron micrscopic observation of these deformation bands also agree with this consideration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4695K) -
多賀 透, 今村 力造, 木村 卓1972 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 61-68
発行日: 1972/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe acetalization of aldehyde groups of polyacrolein is easily induced by the prosence of alcohols during radical polymerization of acrolein. It is noteworthy that the formation of acetal linkage betaween polyacrolen and cellulose proceeds at the same time in the graft copolymerization. The degree of swelling of rayon during the graft copolymerization influences the properties of grafted rayon to a great extent.
Mechanical properties of the acrolein grafted rayon in vapour phase were much improved than those of rayon grafted in the liquid phase. The tenacity of rayon grafted in vapour phase did not decrease with the increase of per cent of grafting.
Acrolein grafted rayon was treated with SO2 for the purpose to obtain interchain linkage of cellulose. But mechanical properties of rayon were not so much improved as expected.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2079K) -
川瀬 裕司1972 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 69-75
発行日: 1972/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFormation of cross-links (intermolecular formal bonds) in the heterogeneous formalization of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers obtained by various spinning methods and heat-treatments under various conditions was examined by means of the solubility test.
The cross-link content of the formalized products from the unoriented fibers decreases slightly with a rise in the temperature of heat-treating under constant length. For the drawn fibers the cross-link content decreases with increased draw ratio. In the drawn fibers heat-treated under the condition where small shrinkage is allowed, the cross-link content is nearly the same as that of the as-drawn fibers, but the heat-treatments with higher shrinkage ratio result in the increase of the cross-link content of the formalized products, and the cross-link content also varies with spinning conditions.
The difference of reactivity to crosslinking of PVA fibers spun and heat-treated under various conditions may be related to the facts that the rate of crosslinking, the rate of hydrolysis of the intermolecular formal bonds or the ratio of the rate of intermolecular formalization to that of overall formalization are affected by the fine structure of the samples.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (551K) -
片山 明, 細見 秀三, 黒木 宣彦1972 年 28 巻 3 号 p. 76-81
発行日: 1972/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe partial molal volumes of urea, N-monomethylurea, N, N-dimethylurea and N, N′-dimethylurea at infinite dilution were determined from density measurements at ten-degree intervals from 15°C at 45°C. The partial molal expansibility (at infinite dilution) _??_° was calculated from the partial molal volume data at various temperatures. The _??_° value of urea was high compared with N-alkylureas, and that of N-alkylureas decreased with increasing the number of the methyl groups in the molecule. The _??_° value of N-alkylureas increased by raising the temperature, but that of urea showed no temperature dependency over the range of temperature used in this paper. The low _??_° values of N-alkylureas were attributed to the ability of the methyl group to form an icelike species in solution. The thermal expansion of the structured species in water is low, like that of ice. The positive temperature dependency of _??_° of N-alkylureas would be expected, if the extent of the structurally perturbed layer of water molecules decreased with an increase in temperature. The high _??_° value of urea was interpreted as being due to the structure-breaking ability of urea. The thermal expansion of the destructured species in water is higher than that of the structured species. The packing densities, defined as the ratio of van der Waals volume to the partial molal volume of a solute species, of urea and N-alkylureas have been calculated and discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (461K)
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