巻号一覧
18 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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星野 孝平1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 541-543
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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第4報 ファイバの平均ひずみと有効ファイバの要素の数の評価について 第5報 毛布の圧縮回復性松尾 達樹1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 544-556
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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第9報 気相酢化反応条件の検討木戸 猪一郎, 鈴木 公宏, 林 昭1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 557-562
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain the fundamental conditions of cellulose triacetate manufacturing by the vapour phase method, influence of kind of catalyser, amount of cellulose, of acetic anhydride and their concentration. on the acetylation rate were investigated.
ZnCl2 was chosen as the most suitable catalyser, and cellulose was pretreated with its acetic acid solutions of various concentrations. The rate constants (k′) and the activation energies for those ZnCl2 concentrations were obtained from the Sakurada's equation; dx/dz=k′p′/xn, x=kzm
To know the value of pn′ of the equation i.e. the influence of vapour pressure of acetic anhydride, this was diluted with triacetine to various concentrations, and acetylation rates of those unsaturated vapours were measured after the Raoult's law, and the logp_??_logk relation curve, the activation energies were obtained. In the case of ordinary saturated vapour of acetic anhydride n′ is considered as zero and in cases of the unsaturated n′ increases to some positive values.
This means that in the case of ordinary reaction, acetic anhydride vapour condenses in cellulose fiber phase, cellulose reacts with this liquid phase, and the vapour pressure has almost no direct bearing on the reaction rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
第10報 三酢酸繊維素の熱分解木戸 猪一郎, 鈴木 公宏, 高松 武治1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 562-567,557
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThermal decompositions of cellulose triacetate films prepared by the vapour phase or liquid phase method of fibrous acetylation, of commercial triacetate, and for reference, secondary acetate, regenerated cellulose from the triacetate, were investigated kinetically. The experiments were carried out by 2 methods:
(1) Extent of weight decrease of the sample in air vs. time was measured by a thermal balance at different constant temperatures.
(2) Acetic acid and CO2 generated from the sample in air or N2 at different constant temperatures were obtained by 0.15 NBa(OH)2 solution and the extent vs. time was measured by chemical analysis.
In the first method, the rates of weight decrease of celluose acetates followed the equation, dx/dt=kx(1-x), the value of k was obtained from the plot of the integral equation, In(x/l-x)=kt, and activation energy was obtained. The activation energy was inversely proportional to the acetylation degree (mol %).
In the second method, the rate constant was obtained as differential coefficient at the point of inflexion of the extent curve, and activation energy was obtained. The activation energy in air is, same as in the first method. The rate in N2 is smaller than in air and the activation energy in N2 is fairly larger than in air.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
第1報 紡糸条件と捲縮性 第2報 捲縮繊維の内部構造について川上 博, 佐藤 英史, 川口 秀治1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 568-574
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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万木 正1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 575-580
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーRelative values of the crystallinity of the regenerated cellulose fibres produced by various methods were determined.
The hydrolized cotton, which had been mercerized previously, was used as a crystalline standard, and the saponified cellulose acetate in ethyl alcohol as an amorphous standard. It was found that there is an appreciable variation in the crystallinity of regenerated cellulose fibres, depending upon the method of production. Polynosic fibres and cuprammonium rayon are generally highly crystalline, while tire cord rayon generally has a low crystallinity. The amorphous contents of these fibers are approximately proportional to their accessibility determined from their moisture regain. However, a strictly linear relationship between the two values is not observed, since the accessibillity also depends upon the size of the crystalline region. This phenomenon is confirmed by comparing the half-widths of the crystalline peaks.
The effect of various treatments on the crystallinity of regenerated cellulose fibers was also studied. It was shown that changes in the crystallinity depend upon the type of fine structures in the original fibers, and that the fine structure in the polynosic fibers is least affected by after treatments, especially with aqueous alkali.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (371K) -
三石 幸夫, 前田 弘邦1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 581-585
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAll-skin type high tenacity rayon was acetylated in fibrous form in the mixture of acetic anhydride and xylene using CH3COONa as catalyzer. The mechanical properties, namely strength, elongation and especially the elastic recovery behavior of the acetylated samples with various acetyl contents were measured. At 0, 1_??_0.5 degree of acetylation the elastic recovery of acetylated samples increases and above that degree, it decreases. The X-ray patterns of partially acetylated rayon samples did not show any remarkable change from that of the original rayon sample until about 0.4_??_0.5 degree of acetylation, namely, in so far as the acetylation reaction followed the 1st order reaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (388K) -
三石 幸夫, 前田 弘邦1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 585-589
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is known that regenerated cellulose fibers possess continuous micellar structure in which fully extended cellulose chains penetrate through numbers of crystalline and amorphous regions, constructing primary network structure as a whole.
Considering the importance of continuous micellar structure (that is, complete primary network structure) for the fatigue resistance of high tenacity rayons, the difference in alkali solubilities of high tenacity rayons before and after ethanolysis was investigated as a measure of perfectness of primary network structure.
The difference in alkali solubilities of high tenacity rayons before and after ethanolysis in a sodium hydroxide solution of such concentration in which ethanolyzed sample completely dissolved, is closely related to their fatigue life (Hose life).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (391K) -
角 祐一郎1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 590-594
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe hot alkaline treatment of an amorphous cellulose and a crystalline cellulose were compared. The amorphous cellulose was prepared by saponification of acetyl cellulose in alcohol and the crystalline cellulose was prepared by acid hydrolysis. It was found that the crystalline region is degraded at pH values greater than 9, but not at pH values less than 9. This degradation of crystalline region appears to be caused by swelling. In a previous paper, it was reported that the degree of swelling of pulp fibers by hot alkaline solution varies with hydroxyl ion concentration and treating temperature. In the present study, it was found that the swelling is also influenced by thehydrating power of cation, i.e., the capacity of the cation for hydration. This observation can be explained as follows: The adsorbed hydroxyl ions attract cations which, because they are hydrated, force the chain molecules apart and thereby cause the fibers to swell.
The mechanism of hot alkaline refining of pulp can be outlined as follows: The hot alkaline solution weakens the attractive forces between chains, and gradually penetrates into higher ordered regions. Throughout the process, all chain molecules which are contacted by the hot alkaline solution are attacked and degraded by hydroxyl ions. As illustrated in Fig. 6. the degradation of chain molecules proceeds from the reducing terminal sugar unit. Each successive degraded sugar unit leaves a reducing terminal unit on the chain molecule. Apparently most of the short chain molecules are completely degraded to monosaccharides by the above mechanism, but some chains seem to go into solution as polysaccharides or oligosaccharides.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (378K) -
角 祐一郎, 金井 健1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 595-599
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe degree of swelling of pulp fibers in hot alkaline solution increases with temperature and alkaline concentration. Swelling by hot alkaline solution is influenced by the hydroxyl ion concentration. This can be explained as follows: The selective adsorption of hydroxyl ions by the chain molecules results in an attraction for cations which causes the fibers to swell. Hydroxyl ion adsorption increases at higher hydroxyl ion concentrations, thereby increasing the degree of swelling. The temperature dependency of the degree of swelling seems to be caused by following two reasons: (1) At higher temperatures, the water molecule penetrates into the fiber structure more easily because the strength of association of water molecules is lessened. (2) The motion of molecular chain segmentsis activated at higher temperatures. Investigation of iodine and dye absorption by pulp fibers treated with hot alkaline solution indicated that the fine structure of pulp fibers was altered by the swelling of fibers in hot alkaline solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
第3報 紡糸張力とスライバむらの関係 (1) 第4報 紡糸張力とスライバむらの関係 (2)黒崎 新也, 近田 富士雄1962 年 18 巻 7 号 p. 600-611
発行日: 1962/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1389K)
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