繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
41 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 野村 春治
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. P450-P455
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 橋本 竹治
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. P456-P467
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 梶 慶輔
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. P468-P476
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 繊維の微細構造
    清水 二郎, 奥居 徳昌, 玉置 茂紀, 鞠谷 雄士, 高久 明
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. T513-T520
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nylon-12 fibers have been produced by high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity 500-6, 000m/min. Physical properties of as-spun nylon 12 fibers depended on the passage of time after spinning, but they did not change so much as in the cases of nylon 6 and nylon 66. Birefringence (Δn) of the conditioned (in the atmosphere 25°C and 50% RH) fibers largely increased with take-up speed up to 2, 000m/min, and at above this take-up speed showed very small change. On the other hand, an increase in density (ρ) of the fibers started at the take-up speed of 3, 000m/min. The take-up speed dependence of Δn and ρ were similar to those for nylon 6 and nylon 66. Wide-angle x-ray pattern of the conditioned fibers showed pseudohexagonal form. On annealing the fibers at 150°C, the reflections became sharp but the α and the γ type crystal modifications did not obtained. The different orders of the (0k0) reflections yielded different values. Its difference became large with a decrease of take-up speed. This is caused by the fact that the dimension of the crystallites along the chain direction is very small. In fact, the crystal sizes along the chain axis of the fibers spun at speeds below 2, 000m/min were formed with less than two monomeric units. The crystal sizes, the degree of lattice perfection, and melting point all increased with an increase of take-up speed. Young's modulus, tenacity and yield stress showed maxima at a take-up speed of 5, 000m/min. This is explained in terms of the heterogeneity in the cross section of the filaments. This heterogeneity also caused the decrease of amorphous orientation and the development of lower melting peak.
  • 金井 俊孝, 船木 章
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. T521-T529
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to obtain the relationship between the theoretically analyzed results previously reported and experimental ones, melt behaviors upon T-die extrusion were experimentally obtained by varying resins and extrusion conditions.
    As a result of the experiment, power-law index n was calculated by comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental ones. Applying the n-values and the resins theological data, melt behaviors between the die exit and the chill roll came to be able to be predicted, and it was found that LDPE having long chain branches was easily deformed near the die exit as compared with other resins. By comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental ones in various process conditions, a good agreement was obtained in the melt behaviors. The scale-up rule presented theoretically in the preceding report was successfully supported in an experimental way.
  • 近田 淳雄, 鳥海 浩一郎, 中島 徳義
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. T530-T538
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    非晶ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)を温水中に短時間浸漬後,延伸すると,表面層の分子配向度が低く,内部の配向度が高いスキン・コア構造が発生する。この構造の発生条件及び発生機購について考察した。
    非晶PET繊維の複屈折・延伸比曲線は延伸温度,速度に依存し,またPETの水中でのガラス転移温度は空気中(乾熱)に比べ約20°C低下する。従って,延伸中のPET繊維に温度分布あるいは水分率の分布が存在すれば,延伸試料の複屈折度にも分布が発生する。本実験の範囲内では,温水中に浸漬後,約1秒以内で試料の温度はほぼ均一になるが,水分率の分布は存在することが推論され,本研究における複屈折分布は水分率の分布により発生することがわかる。またPET繊維をある条件で温延伸すると分子配向がほとんど進まないスーパードローイングの現象が見られる。水分の多い表面層でこのスーパードローイングを起こし,内部では配向結晶化を伴って複屈折度が増大する場合には,明瞭なスキン・コア構造が発生し,層線が観察される。
  • 常田 淳, 戸田 妙子, 前田 和生
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. T539-T547
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    平均細孔径が8~16Åの範囲にある5種類の活性炭素繊維(ACF)によるたばこ煙中の粗タール(TPM),タール,水及びタール中のセミラボタイル成分の減少率を測定し,細孔径と吸着性能の関係を調べた。 TPMやタール減少率は,細孔径が大きいACFほど高くなったが,水減少率は逆の傾向を示した。セミラボタイル成分の吸着に関する選択指数より,細孔径が小さいACFでは分子篩効果が,大きいACFでは成分の沸点差に由来する競合効果が認められた。細孔半径10Å以上のACFはセミボラタイル成分の吸着性能が高く,特に沸点が100~200°Cの範囲にある成分に対する選択性が高かった。また, 1吸煙毎の減少率変化より,吸煙後半において高沸点成分では吸着に起困する減少率の上昇が認められた。
  • 脇田 登美司, 佐藤 哲也, 韓 礼元, 金 景換, 土井 千鶴子
    1985 年 41 巻 12 号 p. T548-T554
    発行日: 1985/12/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to improve the handling and the luster of textile fabric, various kinds of calender have been used for textile finishing. In this study, dyed cotton satin was finished with Schreiner calender, and specular gloss, contrast gloss and Jeffries gloss were measured on the basis of the light reflection on the fabric. Jeffries gloss increased much more when twisting direction of floating threads over-lapped with that of the channels of Schreiner calender. While light reflection in parallel to the twist decreased much more by Schreiner calendering, vertical reflection to the twist increased remarkably.
    As it seems that change of the light reflection on the fabric takes place a color deviation for the dyed fabric, goniophotometric color measurement was carried out for original and Schreiner calendered fabric. Spectral reflectance was measured in various angle of fabric rotation. Light reflectance, K/S value, lightness and excitation purity changed apparently depending on the fabric angle, in particular for Schreiner calendered fabric.
    Furthermore glossy color paper, which has not an assembly structure such as a fabric, was finished in the same way with Schreiner calender and investigated in model the effect of the channels on the light reflection and the color.
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