巻号一覧
23 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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近田 淳雄, 藤野 澄, 我妻 直夫1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 511-519
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe stress-strain curves of polyethylene terephthalate monofilaments dwawn in water at 70°C were measured at room temperature, and the effects of molecular orientation and heat-treatment on the yield phenomena, that is, the primary and secondary yielding, are discussed.
In the samples with low-orientation, only the primary yielding is observed and accompanied by necking. The tensile dynamic modulus of these samples decreases with increasing strain until the yielding region. The necking is associated with the decrease of yield load with drawing. This decrease of the yield load depends upon not only the number of chains passing through the crosssection of the sample but also on the thermal effects and the state of aggregaton and orientation. Even in the hot drawing the samples fairly shrink after removal of the load, when the chains are highly strained. The primary yield strain of these samples is nearly equal to the shrinkage of the sample.
Consequently (in the highly oriented samples) the extension until the primary yield point can be considered as the reverse process to the shrinkage observed after drawing.
In general, the fine structures of tde drawing samples are related to the two regions, that is, “region A” and “region B”. The region A corresponds to the amorphous or low lateral order region which has taken part in the shrinking, and the region B is composed of crystallites or high lateral order region termed C and amorphous or low lateral order region A′ which have hardly taken part in the shrinking. In the highly oriented samples, the secondary yielding in the region A and the primary yielding in the region B are observed.
In low oriented samples, there is only the region B which is almost the region A′ and only the primary yielding is observed.
In the highly oriented samples heat-treated at constant lenghth, the shape of the load-elongation curve near the secondary yield point becomes the same as that of the untreated samples, when 8_??_11% pre-elongation is given. But the changes of the X-ray diffraction intensity and orientation of the (100) and the (010) plane with the pre-elongation until the primary yield region are very small. These facts mean that the cohesive energy density in the region A of the highly oriented samples leveled up by heat-treatmént, decreases with the pre-elongation and becomes the same order as that of the untreated samples.
In the highly oriented samples heat-treated in free state, three yield points are observed when some pre-elongation between the secondary and the primary yield point is given.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (603K) -
第2報 Transverse Flowについての実験的考察清水 二郎, 浜野 久, 石川 章一1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 520-532
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe authors have shown the possibility to introduce the Newtonian theory to the polymer flow in extruder.
In this paper the behaviour of polymer in extruders was observed and dealt with some theoretical methods. The tranceparent acrylic barrel was deviced to observe the behaviour in extruder, (shown in Fig.1, Fig.2 in the previous report (1)). With the aim of observation of behaviour of polymer flow, small glass balls (diameter about 0.8mm) were suspended as a fluid element, and the behaviour of the polymer was observed in the case of flat screw and the open out-let as shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3 shows the feature of the moving of the element in extruder, and Fig.3′ shows the relative position of the ball in screw channel, (here after the non-dashed number of figure shows the fluid element movement in extruder and dashed number of figure shows the relative position of it in screw chnnel).
The number in glass ball shows the position of the observed ball in time.
Then the behaviuor of a element in the cass of closing the out-let of the flat screw was observed under the conditions of screw rotations 10r.p.m. 25r.p.m. 40r.p.m. (the interval of observation is 1/2 sec in 10r.p.m. 1/3 sec in 25r.p.m. 40r.p.m.).
In case of closed out-let of screw, no substantial flow causes in the channel, but the intense transeverse flow is observed (see Fig.5, 5′, Fig.6, 6′, Fig.7, 7′).
In order to discuss this flow pattern by the method of velocity vector, the authors introduce the non-dimensional number, a (in z axis), c (in x axis), defined by the viscosity and pressure gradient.
At first in the extreme case of closed out-let and opened out-let by using the flat screw, the velocity vector is shown in Fig.2 (a) and Fig.4 (a).
Then the authors applyed this consideration to the general metering screw having three sections, that is; feed section (flat part), compressing section (transilient part), and the end section. The feature of flow in those three sections are shown in Fig.9, 9′, Fig.11, 11′, Fig.13, 13′.
The velocity vector in those three sections are shown in Fig.8, Fig.10 and Fig.12.
As the results it was obtained that the transverse flow becomes more violent with the increase in back pressure gradient and in general metering screw, there is the most violent transeverse flow at the front of the comperssion part. (see Fig.15 of the preceeding report (1)).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1270K) -
川上 博, 森 昇, 三好 明1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 533-537
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of conditions of fiber-forming processes, such as spinning, drawing and formalization, on the void content in PVA fibers are studied.
The extremely small voids in fibers are measured by the diffuse scattering of X-rays at small angles. The larger voids are estimated by means of optical microscopic observation and measurement of visible ray transmittance. Wet-spinning of the aqueous solution of PVA gives fibers with higher void content and dry-spinning as well as semi-melt spinning with lower void content. The higher the rate of coagulation in wet-spinning is, the higher the void content is. Drawing of fibers increases the larger voids. Furthermore, the comparison of the void content of formalized fibers under various onditions suggestes that the initial swelling power of formalization bath affects the void content in fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1024K) -
第4報 家蚕フィブロインのα型について平林 潔, 内山 勝敏, 石川 博, 呉 祐吉1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 538-542
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSilk fibroin of coagulated and dried silk gland of Bombyx mori L. shows an X-ray diagram of the so-called α form named by Shimizu.
When this silk gel is stretched up to 50%, the specific diffraction of 4.5 and 7.25A spacings begin to move to the meridian and to the equator respectively.
This fact seems to suggest that α-form is something like the cross-β-form, with its backbone spacing of 4.5A.
On LiBr silkfilms, it has been found that the unoriented cross-β-form (intra-chain β-form) shows the same diffraction pattern and infrared spectrum as the interchain β-form.
An inspection of the X-ray diffraction pattern of the silk gel revealed that the cross-β-form is not present in the gel.
When the film of LiBr silk fibroin which contains the α-form is drawn with polyvinyl alcohol as a plasticizer, the amide I band at 1660cm-1 and amide II band at 1530cm-1 showed perpendicular and parallel dichroism, respectively.
Therefore, the α-form is not a structure like that of the α-helix.
The structure of the α-form may possibly be similar to that of polyglycine II with its hydrogen bonds projected out perpendicularly to the polypeptide chain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1480K) -
第2報 芯糸供給張力と繰粋における巻取張力について小川 敬之, 松田 和夫, 大工原 建1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 543-549
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe feed tension of the core filament and the drawing tension at the reel are the most important factors on the manufacture of the compound filament. In the first place, the compound filaments were manufactured under the different feed tensions and with the different sizes. The core lengths of them, then, were measured for discussion of the feed tension.
In the next place, the compound filaments and the raw silk were elongated in the drenched state and after drying the strain recovery was measured for discussion of the drawing tension. The following results were obtained:
1) It was made sure that the feed tension of the core filament extends the core of the compound filament in proportion to the feed tension.
2) The upper limit of the drawing tension at the reel was experimentally obtained from the relation between the drawing tension and the recovery of the elongation. In the actual manufacturing, the drawing tension was sufficiently smaller than that.
3) It sometimes happens that the cohesion between the core filament and the cocoon fibers is broken by itself. This can be classified into two cases: the first is the case that the feed tension of the core filament is not suitable, the second is the case that the drawing tension at the reel is too large. Though the external views of the compound filament's in which break down of the cohesion causes are similar, they are not the same.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (536K) -
第10報 アミランへのオレンジIIの拡散清水 融, 大矢 精治1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 550-558
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAmillan (Toyo Rayon Co.) was dyed with Orange II in the infinite dyebath at 59°C to determine the rate of dyeing. Apparent diffusion coefficient D was calculated from Hill's equation. Great change in D with concentration of dye and pH in the dyebath are attributed to the change of equilibrium uptake of dye, M∞, under these conditions of the bath.
Since diffusion of acid dyes toward the interior of the fiber accompanies adsorption of dye, there is a relation between na integral diffusion coefficient _??_ and a diffusion coefficient _??_. This relation is derived under the assumption that only the unadsorbed dye is diffusible. _??_=_??_/(1-θ), where θ=M∞/S and S is saturation value. On the other hand, if chemical potential acts as a driving force for diffusion, _??_ and an actual diffusion coefficient D (c) may be related to D0 (the value of D at c=0) by _??_=(D0/θ) [-1n(1-θ)] and by D(c)=D0/(1-θ), respectively. Experimental D-θ curve was evaluated by these equations. Equations deduced from the above assumptions give some satisfaction in the relation between D and θ, although they can not be applied to every value of D. Equation, D=D0*/θ(1-θ), being in good agreement with D-θ curve, is also not satisfactory, for D should increase as θ decreases below θ=0.5. The reason why none of these equations are enough to satisfy the observed D-θ curve, is thought that charged adsorption sites interfere electrically with diffusion of dye ion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (566K) -
鈴木 公宏, 木戸 猪一郎, 藤井 重敏, 井上 康利1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. 559-568
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThis research has been done with the main object of improvement in wet crease resistance of the acetate fabric. Vinyl monomer i.e. methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), propyl acrylate (PA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST), or acrylonitrile (AN) was graft-polymerized with Ce initiator onto an acetate fabric by the vapour phase method. The relation between dry or wet crease recovery and add-on or graft amount on the treated fabric has been investigated. Among those monomers only PA and BA are effective to increase dry or wet crease recovery of the acetate fabric. The mechanical properties of the BA-treated fabric i.e. crease recovery, tearing strength and stiffness were determined at different add-ons. Influence of the pretreating conditions (Ce conc., AcOH conc., temp., impregnation) and influence of the extraction of homopolymer upon those mechanical properties have been investigated.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The BA-treated fabric has the maximum dry and wet crease resistance at about 5% addon by 10_??_15% (dry) or by 15_??_20% (wet) higher crease recovery than the untreated. It has also 80% tearing strength, slightly higher stiffness, and its single fiber has an increase of tenacity, extension, and yield elongation compared with the untreated.
(2) In order to obtain the highest crease recovery of the BA-treated fabric, conditions of the pretreatment should be that the Ce concentration is 0.03_??_0.1mol/l, the AcOH concentration about 10%, the temperature about 40°C and the liquid retention of the pretreated fabric is about 30%.
(3) By extraction of the homopolymer with benzene from the BA-treated fabric, the dry crease recovery rises, and the wet lowers at the same add-on or grafting.
(4) The reasons why PA- or BA-treatment increase the crease recovery of the acetate fabric would be that they have little swelling or dissolving power for the acetate, that the glass transition points of their polymers are relatively low, and that the treated fabric or its single fiber has rubber-like elasticity and water-repellency.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (657K) -
1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S338
発行日: 1967年
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (70K) -
片山 健一1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S300-S308
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (3170K) -
黒木 宣彦1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S309-S314
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
乾 昇1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S315-S319
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリー無ひ織機はそのよこ入れ方式からジェット方式,レピァ方式およびグリッパ方式の3つに大別される。
パイロットルームはそのうちのグリッパ方式に属するものであり,この方式で代表的なものとしてよく知られているのはSulzer Weaving Machineであろう。そこでパイロットルームをSulzerと比較しながらその構造や特徴など紹介する。
パイロットルームはパイロットと称する一種のグリッパシャットル1Tを往復させて,織機の両側に設置したコーンから直接よこ糸を交互に挿入するようにした方式の織機である。このパイロットは長さ約10cm,,重さ約26gという小さいものでその両端付近によこ系をくわえることができる把持具を備えており,レースの両端に取付けられたよこ入れ装置の間をパイロットガイドを案内として往復する。
この点Sulzerではグリッパつ発射装置および受取装置はレースとは切離され,本体に固定して設置されており,おさのみが前後動する。しかし静止角をもつたカム駆動で前後運動しグリッパの飛走中おさは静止するようになつており,またグリッパは1方向にのみ発射されコンベアによって発射位置に返還されるようになつている。これらの点がよこ入れ機構の思想上の根本的な差異と考えられる。
本機は普通の織機のひ箱のようにレース上によこ入れ装置を設けたから,おさと切離したものに比べグリッパの飛走にあてる時間を長くとることが可能で,換言すれば同じグリッパ速度ならば高速化がはかり得ることになる。またパイロットやグリッパのような飛走体の案内路をレース上に必要とするこの種の織機では,ひ箱の出入口と案内路の出入口の合致性が重要であり,この良否は直接ひ通りの良否に影響する。この点パイロットルームでは,ひ箱はレースに固定されているためそれらの相対運動がなく正確かつ容易に合致させうるが,分離型では工作,構成面では相対的なずれが起らないよう精度の維持によほどの配慮が必要である。なお織機回転の円滑さから眺めても本機はおさ打ち運動がクランク駆動なので振動も少なく,従来織機の概念を越えるもではない。さらにパイロット飛走が一方通行ではなく,往復して両側から交互によこ入れできるので2種のよこ糸をミックスして織る場合,なんら特殊な構造を必要としない。しかもこのようなよこ入れ装置を設けたレースを乗せ換えるだけで既存の有ひ織機をパイロットルームにすることができるという大きな利点がある。このことは太番手やスプリットヤーンのようなよこ管使用に対して経済性の低い現有織機を改造する場合とくにこれらが普通織機の場合には,非常に大きなメリットとなる。第1図は阪本式管替自動織機を組替えたパイロットルームの全景である。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (983K) -
上出 孝, 中村 進一1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S320-S322
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーレピアーをそなえた有ひ織機というテーマであるが,一般的にはレピアー・ルームならばひは使用しないし,シャットル・ルームならばレピアーを持たないぶ,この織機は両側多丁ひ織機でありながらレビアーをもつている。従つて緯糸使いとしてはシャットルで,地緯および縫取糸を公知のピックアットウィルモーションにより緯入れし,レピアーで特殊な偏平糸(箔)を緯入れできるようにしたものである。即ちここでいうレピアーは断面が円形に近い普通の糸を挿入するのではなく,偏平な表裏のある糸(片面箔)をよしれが全く入らないように,経糸間に挿入できるように,特別な配慮を施したレピアーを取付けてある。
本機は昭和37年4月より基礎研究を開始し, 39年8月に試作機を完成,約2年半の研究期間中充分なる試織を行い,現在西陣に40台納入稼動中である。製織品は引箔袋帯で金箔,銀箔を使用し,製織効率は80%で初期の目標に到達している。従来この種の織物は手バタでしか製織出来なかつたが,本機の出現により手バタの3倍強の能率晦上となる。また織物の風合は手バタ織が最高とされているが,本機で製織したものはこれと同等な風合が得られ,従来の力織機織のものに見られない剛軟性の良好な織物が製織され実証された。加えてレピアーの機械化によつて手バタ織の場合ようも挿入された糸が均一な張力に保たれ織物風合が一段と向上される。
なお本機には特許6件,実胴新案10件を有している。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (204K) -
大津 隆行1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S323-S327
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
宮坂 啓象1967 年 23 巻 11 号 p. S328-S338
発行日: 1967/11/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (944K)
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