The effects of the aminocarbonic acid type amphoteric surfactants on the properties of rayon tire cord, such as cord strength yield, water pick up and heat resistance, have been investigated and the relation between the chemical structures and the properties of the surfactants, as follows, is discussed. a) Betaine type b) Monoaminopropionic acid type c) Polyaminoacetic acid type d) Polyaminopropionic acid type e) Polyamidocarbonic acid type
As the results, it was found that the heat resistance of cord finished with all types of these amphoteric surfactants is improved but the water pick up of the finished cord is generally low.
The cord strength yield is improved by the increase of the alkyl chain length of the surfactant.

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In the previous work, it has been found that the heat resistance of the rayon cord is improved by the finishing with many amphoteric surfactants of aminocarbonic acid derivative type but water pick up is insufficient.
But, in this work, by the modification of monoaminopropionic acid type surfactant, the water pick up of which was relatively high, the finishing agents with suitable properties, such as N-stearyl-N-(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-aminopropionic acid and N-stearyl-aminodipropionic acid, have been obtained.

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This sutdy has been made of the compress-release behaviour of cotton assemblies and polyurethane rubberfoams by measuring the relation of compressional stress-strain and compressional stress relaxation. There are similarties of property between cotton and urethane since they are consisted of polymer materials and have their randomized inter-surfaces. The experiment has been made to make clear characteristics which are obscure in cotton assemblies only. The main task here is appointed to find the effects of inner friction upon their compress-release behaviour.
First, to analyse the compressional stress P and specimens′ height h curve for cotton or urethane which deform largely, taking account of the usual stress-strain relationships available for small deformation of specimens, we define the stresst ratio γ from the P-h curve as follow: Drawing a tangent line from a point S upon the curve, let the reading of intercept made by the line and h-axis be H, and γ=(H-h)/H (1) becomes the strain ratio of the deformed specimens S. Applied it to our specimens, the following results are obtained:
(1) For both the cotton and urethane, γ is nearly constant in the range of wide pressure. Thus the elastic modulus E of the specimens as a whole may be expressed E=(1/γ)P (2) This result means that the specimens become more stiff proportionally to P. and it seems suitable to take 1/γ for an index of stiffness of those highly deformed materials such as cotton or urethane, For cotton γ is 0.26, urethane 0.29.
(2) From the above it may be assumed that the variation of the height of compress specimens is caused by the slipping of intersurfaces.
Secondary, measuring the relaxation of stress P after stopping to compress, special attention is paid to a instanteneous reduction of pressure.
3) The instanteneous reduced pressure P₀ is proportional to inital pressure P for both specimens, that is: P₀=a_fP (3) where a_f is constant, and for cotton a_f=0.84 urethane 0.87. It is assumed that the quantity F≡P-P₀ represents a rapid reduction of mutual slippage against the surfaces which exists during the compression. Namely, F=(1-a_f)P=fP is equal to frictional force that resists to slip among the surfaces. For cotton f=0.16, urethane 0.13.
(4) On release-process, appling the same frictional force as for the compress-process. The relation between compress pressure P and release pressure P′ at the same specimens height may be lead to: P′=(1-4f)P (4) This relation gives an approximation showing the range of the pressures 0 to 2.4kg/cm².
(5) The loss factor φ of the compress-release process of specimens are defined as φ=(W₁-W₂)/W₁, where W₁ is the absorbed energy of the specimens during compression and W₂ is exhausted one of the specimens on release process. Appling the result of (4) to the φ the following equation is obtainable: φ=(P-P′)/P=4f (5) For cotton the estimated value of φ and the observed one are 0.64 and 0.72 and, for urethane 0.52 and 0.53 respectively.
It may safely be concluded that the hysteresis loss on the compress-release process of fibre assemblies or porous materials are largely depend on friction caused by slipping of the inter-surfaces which compose the material.
The stress relaxation obtained from release process does not behave so simply as with P′.

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In order to prove the applicability of the research for pneumatical aclions reported previously^{1, 4, 5)} to practical use, the lap feeding tests were repeated under various conditions with cotton blended for 20′s.
As a result of those tests, the empirical equations showing a tendency to vary in amount of the wastages, were found in agreement. Those experimental conditions are the revolution of taker-in cylinder and cage cylinder, the quantity of lap feed, the suction force by cage blower, and the varied width between undersheet anp taker-in cylinder.
The values of the empirical equations almost agree with those of experiments within the range of 0.04_??_0.07 probable errors, except for 0.50 concerning percentage of the materials separated from taker-in cylinder by the edge of mote-knife.

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Nylon fabric imbibing solution (0.1_??_2g/g-fabric) of various catalysts was heated with styrene (2.0g/g-fabric) in sealed tubes for the grafting. When potassium or ammonium persulfate were used as catalyst, the grafting generally proceeded smoothly, and the graft efficiencies of about 90% were obtained under favorable conditions. The efficiencies were affected to a smaller extent by catalyst concentrations (0.2_??_2%), heating temperatures (60 and 90°C), and atmospheres of heating (air or nitrogen). In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the efficiencies were generally lower than those in the case of persulfates, and increased with decreasing catalyst concentration and heating temperature. The grafting proceeded to some extent in the case of α, α-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), but the maximum efficiencies of only about 40% were obtained in the case of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The grafting also proceeded smoothly when dry nylon fabric imbibing potassium persulfate (KPS) was heated with styrene-methanol mixtures.
Nylon fabric imbibing solution of catalysts was heated with vinyl acetate. The graft efficiencies were generally lower than those in the case of styrene, but persulfates gave an efficiency of about 60% under suitable conditions. The grafting proceeded only with low efficiencies in the case of hydrogen peroxide, and scarcely occured in the case of AIBN and BPO. The grafting of vinyl acetate onto dry nylon fabric imbibing KPS was also examined, but no desirable results were obtained.
The behaviors of grafting onto nylon are generally similar to those onto cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, though the former fiber considerably differs from the latters in the chemical structure and the hydrophobic property.

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It was previously reported by us, ^2)_??_4) that Giles′ type hydrogen bonding made an important contribution to the interaction between disperse dyes and ester type fibres.
In the present paper, the same problem is discussed from the view-point of changes of R_f values in paperchromatography of disperse dyes when phenols are added.
The results are as follows;
1) Similarly as to esters, amines and alcohols, there exists the correlation between R_f value and phenol concentration [A]. Change of free energy (-ΔF) of interaction may be calculated from the estimated K.
2) In all conditions, m values are 1.0_??_1.2 for 0-substituted phenols and 1.4_??_1.5 for p-, m- and non-substituted phenols. This difference may be explained by “ortho effect” when it is combined with a fact that (-ΔF) values are smaller for _??_- than for others.
3) The larger _pK_a, value of phenol (or the smaller the proton donating power) is the smaller (-ΔF) value becomes, hence it is known that a phenol acts as proton donor and a dye as acceptor, and that the interaction between disperse dyes and phenols is supposed to be the form of type hydrogen bonding.
4) These conclusions support the results of the previous papers that a hydrogen bonding through a dye as proton acceptor plays an important role in disperse dyeing.

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