巻号一覧
55 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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穴澤 孝典, 王林 明1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 112-119
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe morphology in the bulk and at the surfaces of melt-spun poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) hollow filaments was investigated by using several etching methods and electron microscopy to clarify the formation mechanism of an asymmetric membrane formed with a melt-spinning method. Stacked lamellar crystals were formed in the bulk and at the inner wall of the hollow filaments, and dual skin layers were observed at the outer wall. The outermost layer was composed of lamellar crystals, which were highly oriented in a plane parallel to the surface. The other layer was composed of non-oriented lamellar crystals. The lamellar crystals in the latter layer incline to orient in the plane perpendicular to the machine direction at higher draft ratios. The thickness of the layers decreases with the increase of draft ratio. These layers were also found at the inner wall when an oxygen-containing gas was introduced instead of nitrogen into the boar of the hollow filament. It was suggested, therefore, that the degradation of polymer at the surface of the hollow filament causes the skin layers to be produced as mentioned above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4276K) -
Ahmed EL Salmawy, Hideki Yamane, Masatoshi Miyamoto, Yoshiharu Kimura1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 120-126
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーHigh polymers of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly (butylenesuccinate-co-L-lactide) (PBSL) were melt-spun by the on-line spinning and drawing technique. The PBS fibers were drawn 4-12 times, while the PBSL fibers were drawn 4-40 times. The structure and properties of these drawn fibers were studied by tensile test, WAXS, birefringence, and SEM. It was revealed that the tensile strength and modulus of the PBS and PBSL fibers increased with increasing draw ratio while their tensile elongation was kept significantly high because of the low glass transition temperature of both polymers. The molecular orientation of these fibers were comparable with that of the ordinary synthetic fibers such as Nylon 6 as judged by birefringence. Both PBS and PBSL fibers were found to be degraded quickly by enzymatic hydrolysis using a lipase originated from Pseudomonas, while they were little degraded in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The inclusion of a small amount of L-lactic acid units into the PBS sequences gave little effect on the degradability and mechanical properties of these fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1268K) -
Minoru Kimura, Hiromi Uchimura, Keiichi Satoh, Atsushi Sawatari1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 127-133
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFully restrained fiber-oriented sheets, machine-made paper, and handmade sheet by the standard method were prepared from Manila hemp pulp. Strain-to-failure of the fiber-oriented sheets was almost the same in both the machine (MD) and the cross machine (CD) directions, while a distinct direction-dependence was observed in the machine-made paper. This indicates that a degree of fiber orientation of paper is not a dominant factor controlling strain at break. Furthermore, dried-in shrinkage in CD of the machine-made paper can be simply estimated by comparison of strain-to-failure of this paper with that of the fully restrained fiber-oriented sheet or the handmade sheet prepared. Uneven profile of strain-to-failure in CD of the machine-made paper is observed over the width direction. This profile may possibly be explained by analogy of the geometrical and mechanical conditions of the wet web at the dryer pocket with those of the short span thin body. Notable acoustic emission (AE) from the specimens sampled from both edge and center of the dried web in the elongation test was not observed except at the final stage of plastic region. The result indicates that difference of strain-to-failure between them is attributed to a different degree of dried-in shrinkage since structural breakage like bond failure or fiber breakage which may happen in plastic deformation causes emission of elastic wave.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (490K) -
Naoko Hamada, Tsuneyuki Takeda, Yoshihiko Amano, Makoto Shimosaka, Tak ...1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 134-142
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe endo-type cellulase (En-1) from the basidiomycete Irpex lacteus was found to be highly resistant to proteases and nonionic surfactants. En-1 showed no loss of activity when incubated with proteases such as V8 protease, papain, trypsin, proteinase K and various nonionic surfactants at pH 7.5 for at least 3 days. To investigate the effect of the carbohydrate chain of En-1 on its resistance to proteolysis, carbohydrate-depleted enzymes were prepared. The native and carbohydrate-depleted enzymes showed the same resistance to protease digestion, suggesting that the carbohydrate chain of En-1 does not contribute to the resistance to proteolysis. On the other hand, with a shift of pH from 7.5 to 8.0 or 8.5, the resistance to protease digestion was decreased. Comparison of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra at pH 7.5, pH 8.0, and pH 8.5 suggested that the resistance to proteolysis depended on the change in the structure of En-1. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of En-1 showed considerable homology to N-terminal sequences of endo-β-1, 4-glucanases from other fungi, namely, Schizophyllum commune, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Aspergillus niger, and Macrophomina phaseolina.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1977K) -
菅井 清美, 佐野 浩一, 小林 睦夫, 松原 幸治, 高野 剛, 小森谷 崇, 前川 博1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 143-148
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSubjects' right palms were alternately exposed to a turbulent flow of air at 20°C and to a laminar flow of air whose temperature changed gradually, to investigate the effect of turbulent velocity fluctuation on thermal sensation. It was quantitatively shown for the first time, by measuring subjective sensations, that the turbulent velocity fluctuation has the effect of causing the air temperature to feel lower than that of the laminar flow under the lower air temperature condition than skin temperature. The results of heat transfer measurement tests with aluminum circular disks simulating the palm suggested that the difference in thermal sensation for the two air flows was ascribable to the difference in the heat transfer coefficient from the skin of the palm caused by the turbulent velocity fluctuation. The hypothesis that the temperatures of the two air flows would be felt the same when heat flux from the skin in turbulent and laminar air flows were equal, was supported by the results of these experiments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (501K) -
服部 真貴子, 嶌谷 芳彦, 斉藤 政利, 岡島 邦彦1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 149-154
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose to develop regenerated cellulose fiber with high dry and wet tenacity, we tried gel spinning from cellulose/aqueous calcium thiocyanate solution system. The system at 125°C was extruded into air at 10°C under various spinning draft, followed by extraction of the solvent using acetone or ethanol. The fiber served to the measurements of dry and wet tensile properties, birefringence, and fibrillation resistance grade. The degree of the orientation and strength under wet and dry states monotonically increased with an increase of spinning draft. The filament spun at the draft of 6 showed the highest wet/dry tenacity ratio (=0.96) among those of other commercially available regenerated cellulose fibers. The fibrillation resistance grade as well as dry/wet tenacity were also greater than those of cupra and lyocel for textile use.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1148K) -
申 薫〓, 解野 誠司, 上田 充夫1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. 155-158
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーColor fastness of a wool fabric that was low-temperature air-plasma treated and dyed with an acid dye has been evaluated. Color fading of the plasma treated fabric by carbon arc light irradiation was lesser at initial stage than that of the fabric without plasma treatment. The oxidized substrate through the plasma treatment may inhibit the photo-reduction reaction of the dye. Color fastness of the plasma treated fabric to laundering was poorer than that of untreated fabric. The phenomena may be attributed to an enhancement of dye diffusion in wool substrate by relaxation of intercellular material of wool by the plasma treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1058K) -
長谷川 博一1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. P82-P86
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2859K) -
塩見 友雄1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. P87-P91
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2734K) -
宮田 貴章1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. P92-P96
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1937K) -
白井 汪芳, 木村 睦, 安達 悦子, 英 謙二1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. P97-P101
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1068K) -
田原 充1999 年 55 巻 3 号 p. P102-P105
発行日: 1999/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1266K)
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