巻号一覧
48 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Hiroshi Mitomo1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 595-601
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPoly (β-hydroxybutyrate) and its copolymer poly (β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) P (HB-co-HV) were treated with methyl- and ethylamines. Melting peak temperatures, number-average molecular weights (Mn) and long spacings (L) of treated samples decreased as the concentration of amines or the treating time increased. However, Mn and L almost levelled off at the optimum conditions, where amorphous regions at the surfaces of crystal lamellae were removed to isolate the core parts of single crystals. The level-off Mn values corresponding to the real thickness of the crystal core were estimated. The equilibrium melting point of PHB was ca. 200°C which was estimated from the plot of melting point Tm against L-1. The content of HV component in the crystalline region of P (HB-co-20mol% HV) evaluated by 1H-NMR was 18mol%, which was slightly smaller than the initial composition (20mol%). This implies that a small number of HV units was excluded from the HB crystals due to the bulky side group of the HV unit.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (444K) -
Ken-ichi Furuhata, Hu-Sheng Chang, Katsuya Koganei, Munenori Sakamoto1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 602-609
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーChloro- and bromodeoxycelluloses with high degrees of halogen substitution were treated with inorganic halides, thiocyanate and cyanide in N, N-dimethylacetamide or N, N-dimethylformamide. The reaction systems were homogeneous in most cases. The products were hydrolyzed and the resulting saccharides were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trifluoroacetyl derivatives. The reactivity of halide ions in nucleophilic substitution increased in the order I-<Br-<Cl-, which agrees with the order of nucleophilicity of unsolvated halide ions in aprotic organic solvents. The reaction of halodeoxycelluloses with KSCN yielded thiocyanatodeoxycelluloses with more than 90% conversion at 150°C in 2h. The reaction of bromodeoxycellulose with KCN at 100°C for 2h did not give cyanodeoxycellulose, and most of the 6-bromo-6-deoxyglucose units were converted into 3, 6-anhydroglucose units.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (487K) -
Hwan Cho, Man Woo Huh, Ken-ichi Furuhata, Munenori Sakamoto1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 610-618
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAlcoholysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) films in glycerol containing sodium glycerolate at 120-160°C gave soft, opaque and thinner films with the weight loss up to 85%. The kinetics of weight loss was analyzed and the activation energy was found to be 19.4kcal/mol. The change in polarity of the film surface was studied from the contact angle measurements with the extended Fowkes equation of Kitazaki and Hata. The dispersion component decreased while both polar and hydrogen-bonding components of the surface tension increased significantly by the alcoholysis. The moisture regain of the film increased from 0.4% for the untreated up to 2.4% for the sample with the highest weight loss. Together with the results of ESCA measurements, the observed increase in hygroscopicity of the PET films by the treatment was attributed to the introduction of hydrophilic glycerol residues to the PET polymer chains on the surfaces. This treatment caused only small decreases in tensile strengths of treated films.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1132K) -
Akon Higuchi, Tsutomu Nakagawa1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 619-624
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFlux and concentration profiles in inhomogeneous polymeric membranes at an unsteady state were obtained by solving the continuous equation with a finite difference method:
where P is the permeability coefficient, S is the solubility, C is the concentration in the membrane, Pm is a hypothetical pressure in the membrane defined by C/S, x is the dimensionless space coordinate, t is the time, and L is the membrane thickness. The membranes are considered to be in a rubbery state and to have continuous, concentration-dependent, gradients of solubility and diffusivity along the flux direction (x axis). The time lag of the inhomogeneous membranes was estimated to disagree with the value calculated by L2/6D, where D is the diffusion coefficient. The flux difference due to the flow direction at the unsteady state was also investigated, and was found to be slightly higher than the flux difference in the steady state.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
Kazutaka Itoh, Sanro Tachibana, Masashi Sumimoto, Hiroo Tanada1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 625-634
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMechanical treatment of either syringaldehyde (1) or acetosyringone (2) with CBM (ceramic ball mill) gave no reaction product, but the treatments with both a VBM (vibration ball mill), and a laboratory refiner produced 3, 5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (3) As a model compound with β-O-4 linkage, α-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-β-hydroxypropiosyringone (4) was therefore synthesized and treated mechanically to find out the reaction products. Differently from the cases of syringaldehyde (1) and acetosyringone (2), the treatments of a larger molecule of compound (4) with CBM, VBM, and a laboratory refiner produced 3.5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (3) and others. By the mechanical treatments of compound (4) in the aqueous media, Daikin-type of radical splitting reactions of Car-Cα and Cα-Cβ bonds occurred to give firstly compounds (3), (10), and (11), secondly compounds (12) and (13).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (678K) -
Saburo Matsukawa, Miki Ishihara1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 635-640
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe change due to moisture in the degree of thermal insulation of the cloth covering a hot plate was investigated for various fabrics. The experiment revealed that the differences in the texture and in the cross-sectional shape of the fiber could cause a wide variety of effects on the thermal insulation property of the fabrics though they were the same in material. Based on the results obtained, the relationship between the liquid-water absorbability and thermal insulatability of the cloth was discussed. The markedly low degree of insulation for the cloths which reject the inter-fiber penetration of liquid water could be reasonably elucidated on the hypothesis that heat conducting paths might be formed by the liquid water existing between the cloth and the hot plate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
Takao Shibusawa, Naoko Arai, Hironobu Ueno, Takashi Nakamura1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 641-648
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSorption isotherms of purified disperse dyes on various polymers from water were carefully measured. Azo dyes (C. I. Disperse Orange 5, Red 1, 17, 19, etc.) and an anthraquinone dye (Disperse Red 15), and cellulose film, secondary cellulose acetate fiber, Nylon 6 film and fiber and poly (ethylene terephthalate) microfiber and film were used. Most of the sorption isotherms measured were not linear but curved convex to upward and were expressed satisfactorily in terms of dual-sorption model of the linear combination of Nernst-type partitioning and Langmuir sorption, The amounts of the dyes sorbed by Langmuir sorption were usually smaller than that by the partitioning.
In dyeing of cellulose, secondary cellulose acetate and Nylon 6, the contribution of the Langmuir sorption to the total dye sorption (CL/Cf) was large for the azo dyes with two N-substituted 2-hydroxyethyl group and Red 15, while for the azo dyes with one N-substituted 2-hydroxyethyl group, CL/Cf was small. CL/Cf decreased with increasing temperature, particularly for the azo dyes with one N-substituted 2-hydroxyethyl group. Consequently, the isotherms of these dyes at higher temperature seemed to be as if linear.
In dyeing of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fiber, CL/Cf was appreciably large even for the dye with one N-substituted 2-hydroxyethyl group such as Orange 5.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K) -
Akira Isogai, Fumihiko Onabe, Makoto Usuda1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 649-654
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMicrocrystalline cellulose powder, linter cellulose, softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP), and hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HBKP) were converted to amorphous particles, and ζ-potentials of suspended samples were measured with the addition of aluminium sulfate (alum). ζ-Potentials of these samples without alum were related to their carboxyl content, and the sample with higher carboxyl content has the more negative ζ-potential. In the presence of alum in suspensions, ζ-potentials are influenced not only by carboxyl content but also swelling degrees of samples. When amorphous samples with different swelling degrees were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose powder, the amorphous sample with higher swelling degree had the more negative ζ-potential. ζ-Potentials of amorphous particles prepared from linter cellulose, SBKP, and HBKP were shifted to positive direction by the addition of alum to suspensions, but never turned to positive over the wide range of alum addition. ζ-Potentials of amorphous particles prepared from linter cellulose, SBKP, and HBKP were almost unchanged at least for one day, during standing of suspensions at room temperature after the addition of alum. In contrast, ζ-potentials of microcrystalline cellulose powder and those of amorphous particles prepared from microcrystalline cellulose powder were shifted to negative direction by standing of suspensions. These relaxation phenomena of ζ-potentials in the presence of alum may depend on structural changes of alum in suspensions during the standing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1007K) -
Akira Isogai, Makoto Hasegawa, Fumihiko Onabe, Makoto Usuda1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 655-659
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーChanges in ζ-potentials of amorphous cellulose and pulp particles by the addition of chitosan salts to suspensions were studied, where amorphous partcles were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose powder, linter cellulose, and softwood and hardwood bleached kraft pulps (SBKP and HBKP, respectively). Chitosan salts with 75 and 85% degrees of deacetylation and with Cl- and AcO-; as counter ions of the amine salts were used. The amounts of chitosan salts required for 0 mV ζ-potentials of amorphous smaples, which originally had ζ-potentials from -24 to -38mV, increased with an increase in carboxyl content of the original cellulose or pulp samples. These ζ-potentials became 0mV except for HBKP by the addition of chitosan salt lower than 0.1% on dry weight of amorphous samples to the suspensions, although HBKP required the addition of chitosan more than 0.2% in some cases. The effects of degrees of deacetylation, counter ions, and cation contents of chitosan salts, used so far, on ζ-potentials of amorphous samples were negligible or very slight. Compared with aluminium sulfate, ζ-potentials of amorphous samples were stable within 1 day after the addition of chitosan salts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) -
Yoshihiro Shigemasa, Yoichi Takeuchi, Kunio Takeuchi, Hitoshi Sashiwa, ...1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 660-662
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMoisture absorption behavior of various chitin derivatives was investigated. Dihydroxypropylchitin (DHR-chitin), carboxymethylchitin (CM-chitin, Na+ form), chitin sulfate (S-chitin, Na+ form), and chitin phosphate (P-chitin, Na+ form) showed high relative moisture absorption values (RMA; 4.7, 3.3, 3.1, and 3.3, respectively). RMA values of Na+ form of CM-chitin and P-chitin were higher than those of H+ form and Ca2+ form. Chitosan L-glutamate and adipate also showed high RMA values (5.3 and 4.9, respectively) as compared with other organic and inorganic chitosan salts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (199K) -
Kunio Yoshizumi, Juichi Koshikawa1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. 663-666
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe gas fading characteristics of cellulose acetate dyed with C. I. Disperse Blue 3 was examined in a laboratory chamber by supplying nitrogen dioxide in the concentration range from continuously 10 to 30ppm. The relation between all the data of color difference and nitrogen dioxide dose under a given humidity condition was found to be expressed in a dose response characteristic line. The higher humidity condition resulted in the greater extent of fading by the factor 1.26. The fading in ambient air showed to be almost consistent with the one in a laboratory chamber under a same dose of nitrogen dioxide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (222K) -
村上 裕二, 民谷 栄一, 軽部 征夫1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P573-P577
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1002K) -
清水 潮1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P578-P583
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1028K) -
小林 伸吉1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P584-P591
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1077K) -
済木 育夫1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P592-P600
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1011K) -
松本 雄二1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P601-P604
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1021K) -
秋山 三郎1992 年 48 巻 11 号 p. P605-P618
発行日: 1992/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2594K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|