巻号一覧
24 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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清水 治通, 篠崎 善治, 飯塚 義助, 西出 伸子, 横山 鹿之亮1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 361-365
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCotton fabrics were irradiated with methyl hydrogen siloxane polymer by 60Co γ-rays at the room temperature in the air, at the dose rate of 2.4×105 rad/hr. and the total dose of 0.7_??_4.7 Mrad. After irradiation the samples were heated at 80°C for 20 hrs., and then they were extracted with benzene for 25 hrs.
In this study the physical properties of the silicone grafted cotton fabrics (I) were investigated and compared with those of the silicone coated cotton fabrics (II) or the irradiated cotton fabrics (III). The following experimental results were obtained:
(1) Tensile strength of I decreased much more than that of III at the same irradiation dose, or than that of II at the same contents of silicone. Tensile strength of I decreased to about 30% at the irradiation of about 2 Mrad.
(2) Flex abrasion strength of about 5% grafted I was about 5 times larger than that of the original cotton fabrics, but that of III decreased slightly and that of II increased slightly.
(3) Load-elongation curves of I and III were exhibited two yield points which were not observed at the curves of II and the original cotton fabrics. In addition, strength and elongation at each yield point of I were different from those of III.
(4) Crease recovery of I increased with silicone contents and was greater than that of II.
From these results on the silicone cotton fabrics, it may be said roughly that the grafting of silicone to cellulose by irradiation leads to the destruction of cellulose secondary structure in amorphous region or the fixation of cellulose and the grafted silicone acts as a kind of filler to cellulose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
松尾 達樹1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 366-377
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, it is attempted to present a general method for analyzing the drawing phenomena of textile filament at drawing process and to apply this method to the analysis of drawing behaviors of polyester and polypropylene fibers.
In industrial plant, the drawing of filament is usually done by two rollers whose surface speeds are different from each other. It must be very convenient, if there exists a systematic method by which one oan derive the information of the drawing behavior by industrial machine, from the data of laboratorical measurement. For this purpose the most useful property of filament which can be measured by laboratorical nathod may be the time-elongation curves under constant load. The time-elongation curves of polyester and polypropylene (smectic) undrawn filaments at various temperature were measured.
The most ideal drawing system equipped with two rollers may be such a system that the filament is drawn at the constant tension and constant filament temperature. The relationship between the time and space coordinate of material by this drawing system was discussed. Thus the timeelongation curve may be connected to that of the distance-elongation.
A real drawing apparatus which consists of this ideal drawing system was designed. From the time-elongation curves under constant load, the drawing behavior of polyester and polypropylene filaments by this drawing apparatus is explained.
Finally this report deals with more complicated drawing system where filament is drawn on a hot pin. The calculated draw points favorably agrees with the experimental results obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2679K) -
勝浦 嘉久次, 山根 兵1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 378-385
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe phosphorylation of formalized poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers with the mixture of urea, phosphoric acid, and dimethylformamide (DMF) were studied. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In this reaction system the degree of phosphorylation was closely related with the degree of swelling of formalized PVA in mixed solvent of urea and DMF, and both their phosphorus content and degree of swelling showed the maximum value at the same degree of formalization of PVA fiber.
(2) The reaction proceed as an intramicellar heterogeneous reaction, and the data obtained was fitted for the Sakurada's equation x=ktm. Moreover, it was observed from X-ray diffraction study that the degree of formlization had an important effects on the decrystallization phenomena of PVA fibers accompanied with the phosphorylation reaction.
(3) From the potentiometric titration and electrophoretic behavior, it was observed that the crosslinking monobasic polyvinyl phosphate in addition to the dibasic polyvinyl phosphate was produced from the reaction, which was not observed in the case of cellulose phosphorylation.
(4) The changes of TGA and DTA thermograms of PVA fiber accompanied with phosphorylation was characteristically different from those of cellulose, which suggests that the features of pyrolysis are to be more complicated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (498K) -
松沢 秀二, 井本 友三久1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 386-391
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe acetylation of commercial vinylon fiber was studied by using the three kinds of acetylation methods for poly (vinyl alcohol). The degree of formalization of the vinylon fiber used was 27.0 to 29.0mol%. 1) The vinylon fiber was acetylated with a mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine at 105 to 110°C. About 90% of the residual hydroxyl groups of vinylon was acetylated both in pretreated and untreated vinylons. The degree of acetylation of the pretreated vinylon was slightly lower than that of the untreated one. It is supposed that the lower degree of acetylation of the pretreated one is due to the partial recrystallization. The acetylated product is insoluble in the acetylating mixture. 2) The untreated vinylon was acetylated with an acetic anhydride containing sodium acetate under refluxing. The similar results were obtained as those in the case of the mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine. 3) The vinylon treated at 110°C in water was acetylated with a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulfuric acid. No residual hydroxyl group was observed in the acetylated product, while the degree of formal linkage decreased. The acetylated products obtained in a certain concentration of sulfuric acid are soluble in the acetylating mixture which is stored for a certain period of time.
The commercial vinylon fiber was treated in water containing sulfuric acid (20g/100cc) at 70°C for 40min., in order to remove the intermolecular formal linkages (Kawase's method), resulting in a decrease of the degree of formalization by 1.4mol% (specimen 1). The poly (vinyl alcohol) fiber was formalized in the lower concentration of formaldehyde (0.19%) than in the usual condition to avoid the occurrance of the intermolecular formal linkage. The degree of formalization of this fiber was 26.6mol% (specimen 2). The residual hydroxyl groups of specimens 1 and 2 were completely acetylated with the mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine, and the acetylated products were soluble in the acetylating mixture. The authors suggest that the results of the acetylation with the mixture of acetic anhydride and pyridine and with the acetic anhydride containing sodium acetate are explained by the high orientation of poly (vinyl alcohol) molecule and the crosslinkage formed by intermolecular formalization in the commercial vinylon, and is supposed that the disappearance of crosslinkage in the specimens deformalized with sulfuric acid is responsible for the results of the acetylation with the mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulfuric acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (463K) -
平林 潔, 石川 博, 角戸 正夫, 呉 祐吉1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 392-396
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMolecular conformation of the coagulated fibroin in silk gland was studied by means of X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectrometry. It was ascertained by the infrared dichroism the coagulated silk fibroin in posterior gland has the parallel β form. However most of the fibroin in posterior gland appears in random coil. The α-β transition occurs at the anterior part of posterior division. Neither α-helical structure nor cross-β- structure was seen in the fibroin molecules of this middle division. The structure of α-form of silk fibroin is similar to polyglycine II with its hydrogen bonds projected out perpendicularly to the polypeptide chain.
From these structures, it may be expected that α--β transformation in silk fibroin molecules occurs easily without serious rearrangement of the hydrogen bond. The X-ray powder diagrams of silk fibroin in anterior division indicate β-form structure.
It may be considered that the α-form structure of silk fibroin molecules are broken to form partly β-form while passing through the anterior silkgland.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2238K) -
平林 潔, 石川 博, 角戸 正夫, 呉 祐吉1968 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 397-400
発行日: 1968/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe unit cell dimension of α-form silk fibroin was determined. The α-form of β-poly (Ala-Gly) and β-poly (-Ala-Gly-Ser-) synthesized as the model substances are examined for comparison with the α-form silk fibroin.
By comparison of, the following values for unit cell of α-form silk are obtained: a=4.45A b=28.0A (fiber axis) c=7.16A. 12 amino acid residues are to be in the unit cell, and so the mean repeating distance of one aminoacid of one amino acid residue is 2.4A.
This value indicates that the chain length of amino acid residue in α-form is shorter than that in β-form.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1412K)
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