巻号一覧
27 巻, 9 号
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松本 巌, 淵野 桂六1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 375-380
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal retractive force f of hot-drawn Polypropylene (P. P) fibers, drawn at temperatures higher than 80°C, shows a maximum (fmax) at temperature (T) and the values of fmax varies with the clamp length (_??_initial length of a filament). When the fibers are drawn at a prescribed temperature and the values of fmax are obtained by the various clamp lengths, the following linear relation are found: fmax=k•(T-T0), where both k and T0 are constant. Also point S, whioh is determined by the drawing and heat-treatment conditions and gives the limited condition for the reversible stress change with temperature as the drawn and heat-treatment length are kept constant, is located on the above mentioned straight line (see Fig.1)
In the present investigation it was tried to determine whether this relation might be applied to the drawn fibers treated at temperatures below 80°C.
The maximum of the thermal retractive force of the drawn P. P fibers treated at relatively low temperatures behaved in the same manner as those treated at high temperatures. But the fmax, responding to the change of internal structure in heating, was not always stable, and thus the unstable ones disappeared after a period of time and the other stable ones, which is independent of time, behaved as if the samples had been treated at 80°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
松本 巌, 淵野 桂六1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 381-388
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーStress of polypropylene (P. P) fibers kept at the constant length during heating was measured as the functions of time and temperature. The results were analyzed on the basis of viscoelastic theory. At first in order to investigate the decay of stress in the sudden heating, the drawn samples were soaked in the silicone oil bath maintained at high temperature predetermined, It was found that the results are explained satisfactorly by an Eyring's model and the temperaturedependent spring fe (Fig.5)
Apparent activation energy ΔH for the flow process was also calculated from the experimental results. Next, the model mentioned above was applied to the stress decay in the constant rate heating to find that the calculated values agrees well with the experimental sesults.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1068K) -
川瀬 裕司, 矢部 寿重1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 389-400
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAbrasion resistance of un-formalized and formalized poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers was investigated in a standard state (20°C, 65% R. H.) and in a wet state (20°C) using an abrasion tester in which the stainless steel abradant is slid perpendicularly to the length of a single filament. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, knot strength and initial modulus were also examined. The measurements were also made on PVA fibers acetalized with glyoxal. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The abrasion resistance in the wet state was lower than that in the dry state for both un-formalized and formalized PVA fibers.
(2) The wet abrasion resistance of the formalized products was improved with increased concentration of formaldehyde in a formalization mixture if the samples with the same degree of formalization were compared, whereas the effects of the concentrations of sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate, and of the reaction temperature on the resistance were less significant under the experimental conditions employed. The wet abrasion resistance of the formalized products, from which the cross-linkages, namely intermolecular formal bonds, were removed by treating with dilute sulfuric acid, was almost similar to that of PVA fibers which were reacted with a relatively low concentration of formaldehyde. The wet abrasion resistance of the formalized fibers which were not cross-linked was nearly the same as that of raw PVA fibers (un-formalized) in a relatively low degree of formalization, but increased with increasing formal content in a relatively high degree of formalization. It is supposed from these findings that the wet abrasion resistance of the formalized PVA fibers depends on the content of the intermolecular formal bonds and the overall degree of formalization.
(3) The dry abrasion resistance was only slightly affected by the formalization conditions, whereas it tended to decrease with increasing degree of acetalization in the case of PVA fibers acetalized with glyoxal. This indicates that the formation of a large amount of cross-linkages results in a decrease of the dry abrasion resistance.
(4) The dependence of the knot strength of the formalized PVA fibers on the reaction conditions may be acounted for by the intermolecular formal bond formation during the formalization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2411K) -
黒岩 茂隆, 小笠原 真次, 平野 荘二, 沓沢 さち子1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 401-405
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーInteraction between aminoanthraquinone disperse dyes and sodium β-naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates in aqueous medium has been investigated with the continuous variation method in optical density and electroconductivity. Samples used were 1-amigo-, 1, 4-diamino- and 1, 4, 5, 8-tetraaminoanthraquinone, and two condensates whose degrees of condensation were 2_??_3 and 8_??_10, respectively. These disperse dyes interacted to form the 1:1 complexes with each naphthalene nucleus of the condensate independently of its degree of condensation. These experimental results suggest that this complex may be formed by van der Waals interaction between anthraquinone nucleus of the dye and naphthalene nucleus of the condensate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1069K) -
曾根 健夫, 山崎 隆, 相宅 省吾1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 406-409
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally known that vinylon has good dyeing properties when it is dyed with basic dyes. The dyeing is due to the carboxyl groups in polyvinylalcohol and to on intermolecular polar-bonds between polyvinylalcohol and dyestuff. In the acetalization of vinylon useing sulfuric acid as catalyst the dyeing effect of combined sulfuric acid may be larger than that of the carboxyl groups, for the combining of sulfuric acid to polyvinylalcohol occurs.
Polyvinylalcohol was treated with sulfuric acid and estimated the amount of combined sulfuric acid from dyeing effect. Sulfuric acid seems to be very effective for the introduction of acid groups with high affinity to basic dyes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (266K) -
曾根 健夫, 山崎 隆, 相宅 省吾, 村岡 雍一郎1971 年 27 巻 9 号 p. 410-417
発行日: 1971/09/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that sulfuric acid used as catalyst on acetalization of polyvinylalcohol combines itself hard to the polymers. The mechanism of adherence was partially made clear in the previous study. It is generally believed that combined sulfuric acid is injurious to the acetal. This paper concerns with the utilization of the combined sulfuric acid for improved dyeing of vinylon.
It has been made clear that when combined sulfuric acid is neutralized it causes no trouble on the acetal. Usually salfuric acid is used only as catalyst for acetalization. We treated it as both catalyst and an agent introducing of acid groups with high affinity to a basic dye. Highly concentrated sulfuric acid of 20_??_30% was used as catalyst for acetalization in order to introduce the considerable amount of combined sulfuric acid into polyvinylalcohol. The fibers thus prepared have good dyeing properties, fastness to light and washing. The strength of the fiber is just as high as that of the ordinary polyvinylacohol fibers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (516K)
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