巻号一覧
23 巻, 1 号
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第4報 バランスした2段式2軸延伸皮膜の異方性栗原 和彦, 岡島 三郎, 本間 景介1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 1-6
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーLoad-extension behavior of a biaxially balanced polypropylene film which has been prepared by the two-step biaxial stretching method is not always isotropic, i.e., the Young's modulus and the yield stress along the pp-axis (the first stretching direction) are smaller than those along the ps-axis (the restretching direction), while the tenacity and the ultimate elongation which relate to large deformation, do not differ according to the direction of the test.
Such an anisotropy appears more remarkably on the thermal shrinkage. When a piece of biaxially balanced film is shrunk freely by raising progressively its temperature, the lpp and lps, the dimensions along the pp- and ps-directions respectively, recover along the restretching curve, which indicates the lpp vs lps, relation during the restretching, until the film is heated to the stretching temperature. On further heating above this temperature, the lpp and lps change reversely along the first stretching curve. Both the optical index and x-ray diffraction in reference to the pp-axis orientation change correspondingly with this dimensional change.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (848K) -
第5報 静的伸長に対するひずみの回復について竹内 武1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 7-10
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーStrain recovery behaviour after static elongation was investigated on crimped synthetic yarns, when constant rate elongation was applied to the yarn.
Residual strain decreases gradualy after elongation is reversed. Irreversible strain depends on the rate of elongation and on the applied elongation. Highest recovery was observed for the yarn on the applied elongation, prepared by the stuffer-box method, and the lowest for the one prepared by the conventional-twist method when ts, recovery time, is small. However, the differences of the recovery behaviour among yarns prepared by different methods become small when ts is large. The relation between after-effect- stress and residual strain is approximately linear in each yarn. The gradient of the liner relation is reciprocals of elasticity of relaxation element.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (246K) -
第6報 伸長増加によるかさ高性の変化竹内 武1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 11-17
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe chang of bulkiness, specific volnme, of crimped synthetic yarns by elongation was studied. The specific volume of yarns was determined by the cross sectional area of yarn, which was obtained by the maximum radius of crimped yarn.
The results are as follows;
Elongation reduces the cross-sectional area of yarn. The yarn prepared by the conventional twist method has more variation on the curve of reduction of the area compared with these prepared by the false or stuffer-box method.
The circle having an area equal to cross-sectional area of yarn is termed mean circle. The displacement of center of mean circle occurs during elongation. The displacement consists of radial and angular motion, which relates each other intimately. The elongation which causes a large angular displacement is also accompanied by a large radial displacement. Both displacements have no direct effect on bulkiness, but the have some effects on a change of cross-sectional area of crimped yarn.
The total volume of crimped yarn was obtained by summing up the volume of each section under stretching. There is the maximum specific volume between 56-60% elongation in the conventional and false-twist method yarns, but in the stuffer-box method yarn it decreases rapidly with elongation and then approaches the constant value.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (444K) -
第2報 アイソタクチックポリスチレンフィルムの力学的性質におよぼす立体規則性と分子配向の影響阪口 文雄, 北丸 竜三, 辻 和一郎1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 18-24
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanical properties of crystalline polystyrene (IPS) with different tacticities were studied as a function of crystallinity and molecular orientation.
It was found that both tensile strength and Young's modulus of crystalline isotactic polystyrene decrease, but its impact strength slightly increase by annealing sufficiently at 180°C, independent of the degree of crystallinity and molecular weight (_??_v=3.4_??_24.40×105). In this case, the ratio of the tenile strength to the modulus is a constant value of 0.01, regardless of draw ratio. These results may be well interpreted in accordance with Buchdahl's consideration for glassy state of polymer.
The intrinsic birefringence, Δnc° for a model crystal of polystyrene with perfect c-axis orientation was calculated as -0.080 and -0.133 respectively with use of Denbigh's and Bunn's values for the bond principal polarizabilities. The birefringence is generally recognized to increase with draw ratio, approaching an equilibrium value at about 400% of drawing. The contributions of crystalline and amorphous phases to the birefringence are estimated separately under an assumption of additivity of the contribution of both phases. The total birefringence, Δn may be expressed as Δn=XΔnc+(l-X)Δna, and Δnc=fnc°, where Δnc and Δna are birefringences of crystalline and amorphous phases per unit viume, X the volume fraction of crystalline phase, and f the orientation parameter. Using the values of X and f obtained from X-ray study, each term of the equation is discussed. As a result, it was found that XΔnc, increased monotonously with draw ratio, while (1-X)Δna approached a maximum value at about 350% drawing.
It is recognized by studying the dynamic mechanical properties of the samples that in a plot of loss tangent versus temperature, the temperature where the loss tangent through a maximum due to molecular mobility in amorphous phase is independent of either the degree of crystallinity, or the draw ratio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
第3報 スチレンとα-オレフィンとの共重合体の機械的性質阪口 文雄, 北丸 竜三, 辻 和一郎1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 25-30
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMechanical properties of copolymers of styrene with some α-olefins produced with stereospecific catalysts are studied in relation to the kind of the opponent comonomers and the copolymerization ratios. As the opponent comonomers, such linear α-olefins as pentene-1, heptene-1 and decene were used.
It was found that for all the copolymers examined the tensile modulus and tensile strength were varied as a function of the density, irrespective of the comonomer sorts, whereas the tensile elongation depended on the composition of the copolymer and on the character of the comonomers. The results may indicate that the mechanical properties of the copolymers are not in a simple relation to the composition ratio and the natures of the comonomers, but greatly dependent on the crystallizability of the comonomers. This is in good accordance with the results reported by R. W. Ford for the copolymers of ethylene and linear α-olefins.
It was also found that the brittleness of crystalline polystyrene is much reduced by incorporating small amount of heptene-1 or decene-1 as comonomers without much lowering of the melting temperature. The difficulties of drawing process of crystalline polystyrene fiber after melt-spinning may be overcome by using such copolymers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) -
第7報 反応過程におけるゲルフィルムの寸法変化挙動堀 保彦, 高橋 享, 永田 政令, 佐藤 一郎1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 31-35
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe dimensional and volumeric changes of cellulose gel film during the copolymerization were studied to investigate the behavior of branched polymer formation.
The dimensional change of gel film against the grafting yield was found to vary by the thickness direction, the machine direction and the transverse direction of the film, the degree of dimensional change decreased in the following order: thickness direction> transverse direction> machine direction.
Since the thickness direction of film is the vertical component of (101) planes of cellulose, on the basis of the results obtained here, the branched polymer is presumed to be formed easily at the space between the micelles oriented to the direction of (101) planes and this conclusion is in accord with the results obtained by the X-ray analysis in the 5th and 6th paper of this series.
The volume change against the grafting yield was not detected within 40% of grafting yield, but above 40%, the volume increased proportionally to the grafting yield and the slope of curve at 40_??_300% is recognized to be different from that at above 300%, the value was 0.7 and 1.0, respectively.
From the results obtained here, the behavior of dimensional change of gel film during the reaction is presumed to be affected by the swelling of cellulose by water absorption and also the branched polymer is presumed to be formed easily at the surface layer of the film at the lower grafting yield, while it is formed uniformly through the whole layer of the film at above 300%.
In addition, the relation between the thickness change of dry grafted film and the grafting yield was studied. The thickness was found to increase proportionally to the grafting yield, but the slope of curve within 100% was recognized to be different from that at above 100%, and the slope of latter curve slightly less than that of former curve.
From the results that the behavior of dimensional change against the grafting yield in the case of dry film and wet film was given the opposite result, the state of aggregation of cellulose was affected by the branched polymer and then the dimensional change is presumed to be affected by the shrinkage factor during the drying of the film.
Further, the densities of grafted film were measured by the density gradient tube method.
The experimental data was found to be in accord with the calculated data by the additive mean value of densities of the polymer components, then the structural change of graft polymer has not clearly been elucidated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (897K) -
第7報 酸化性雰囲気中の熱安定性と燃焼性宮道 一夫, 片山 将道1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 36-39
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThermal stability and combustionness in oxidative atmosphere were examined on polyacrylonitrile fiber, flame-proofed fiber and heattreated flame-proofed fibers (heat-treatment temperature: 400°C_??_1000°C). Fabrics composed of the fibers were also used as samples. Measurements were carried out on 1) weight-loss with heating at constant temperatures in air, 2) thermograms determined by heating at the rate of 2.5°C/minute in air and 3) rate of glowing combustion in atmospheres of various oxygen concentration.
Thermal stability is improved with rising of heat-treatment temperature. For example, thermal decomposition temperature (Td) determined by 3) were found to be 170°C in polyacrylonitrile fiber, 220°C in flame-proofed fiber, 330°C in the 1000°C-treated one etc. However, degree in improvement of thermal stability seems not to be very great in comparison with high elevation of heat-treatm-ent temperature.
Excellent characteristics is in low combustionness. In case of flame-proofed fiber, glowing combustion does not proceed even in the atmosphere containing approximately 40% oxygen. Rate of glowing combustion in the 70% oxygen-containing atmosphere becomes lower as heat-treatment temperature is higher, and particularly for the 1000°C-treated fabric, no glowing combustion was observed even in the 18% oxygen-containing atmosphere.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (328K) -
第3報 パンチ布の強化三浦 義人, 中条 芳之介1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. 40-46
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーTo strengthen the punched fabric the web doubled with the weaving fabric was punched. When this fabric is pulled, at first the weaving fabric is broken and then the web is broken. As the strength of the punched web becomes stronger and the weaving fabric becomes weaker with increased numbers of punches, the web doubled with the weaving fabric must be punched properly. This punched fabric has a defect of ripping off and there is an optimum numbers of punches are not properly. To strengthen the punched fabric, besides, the punched thermoplastic web were heated and pressed and then the web was bonded with Hyca 1571.
The specific and relative densities, the breaking strength and the density of the binder are represented as a function of a ratio of the fixed binder for the fabric. The breaking elongation decreased and the tearing strength increased and then decreased with increase of a ration of the fixed binder for fabric.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (397K) -
1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S54
発行日: 1967年
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (63K) -
フィツシャー,ケラー両氏を囲んで河合 徹1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S3-S8
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
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八木 博1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S9-S13
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
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中村 好雄1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S14-S20
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
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高瀬 福巳1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S21-S28
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
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久世 栄一1967 年 23 巻 1 号 p. S29-S36
発行日: 1967/01/10
公開日: 2009/03/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (687K)
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