巻号一覧
30 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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泉 善二1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. P277-P283
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (516K) -
斉藤 実, 松尾 達樹, 国政 卓治1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. P284-P291
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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脇田 登美司, 北尾 好隆, 黒木 宣彦1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T319-T325
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーHigh temperature steaming with humid air is important in textile printing.
In this report, the heat conduction of paper cylinder, used as a model of yarn, was investigated under various conditions of high temperature steaming with humid air. The temperature was recorded by inserting Alumel/Chromel thermocouple into the cylinder.
The results obtained were as follows.
1) The temperature rise of a paper cylinder during the steaming with humid air was characterized by three periods, i.e. the period of heating by latent heat of condensed water, that of constant temperature heating by reevaporation of condensed water and that of heating of dried fiber. Such periods could not be clearly observed on the nonporous cellophane cylinder. These results suggested that in a cellophane cylinder the condensed water was retained only on the surface, whereas in a paper cylinder the steam penetrated into the cylinder. Therefore, the porosity of the fiber assembly played an important role on the heat conduction and the water condensation during the steaming.
Generally, there is following relation between heating medium and heated material
In T0/Tt=kθ
where, T0: initial temperature difference
Tt Temperature difference at time θ
θ: heating time
k: constant
From the above equation, it is expected that the plot of In T0/Tt against θ is linear. But in the case of paper cylinder, the relation between In T0/Tt and θ was expressed by three parts of creased line. The time intervals of heating by latent heat and by the reevaporation of condensed water were estimated from the creased lines on the graph.
2) The rate of temperature rise on the cylinder surface during the heating by latent heat was estimated by extraporation to zero diameter. The obtained results were compared with a parameter of temperature rise, In (T0/Tt)/θ .抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
藤倉 嘉昭1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T326-T332
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe relation between the temperature of sample (T) and thermal radiation energy (E) was examined around the melting point for high-density polyethylene and n-paraffin. A new apparatus detecting of thermal radiation energy was devised. The temperature of sample was controlled between 20°C and 250°C, and the radiation energy of sample was detected by a Sb-Bi thermopile (made by Bernes & Co. of the U.S.A.).
The experiments were made in two ways; with keeping the temperature constant at each stage and with continuously changing the temperature. Experiments showed that the thermal emissivity in paraffin and polyethylene does not change at the melting point. However, a discontinuity in thermal radiation energy caused by heat fluctuation was observed particularly in the melting or crystallizing regions. From the continuous measurement of thermal radiation energy, it was found that the mobility of molecules becomes smaller with the increase in molecular weight and density.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (547K) -
破断面の走査電子顕微鏡観察黒川 昌孝, 大塚 卓, 滝文 夫, 小西 孝1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T333-T337
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe fracture surfaces of nylon. 6.10 filaments which appeared in the extension breaking at room temperature were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The samples provided for the extension were prepared by rolling or compressing of 50% and drawing of 10-150% in a silicon bath above 170°C.
Cracks initiate at the deformation bands appearing in the central part of the rolled filament and then propagate to the surface. The initiation region, slow propagation region or mirror zone, transition region and rapid propagation region or hackle zone are discerned clearly. Mirror zone is formed with the same angle to the filament axis as the deformation bands and its dimension is affected by the characteristic orientation described in the previous reports. Hackle zone is perpendicular to the filament axis and gives the rough surface.
Fracture behaviour of the specimen rolled 50% and then annealed at 220°C depends upon the temperature and draw ratio of the pre-drawing. The specimen drawn below 60°C shows the brittle-like fracture and cracks are initiated at the central part of the filament. For the specimen pre-drawn with necking above 60°C, cracks initiates from the many minute surface crackings and propagate to the central part of the filament.
Pre-drawing of 10-20% at 90°C resulted in some deformation bands. However, the rupture by extension at room temperature takes place independent of the deformation bands formed in the pre-drawing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3781K) -
三友 宏志, 礪波 宏明1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T338-T345
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーInvestigation was carried out on the amorphous structure of melt blends of polyamides with relatively good compatibility such as 6 nylon - 66 nylon and 6 nylon -12 nylon.
In both systems, the component with higher melting temperature crystallizes preferentially, while the crystallization of the component with lower melting temperature was strongly prevented by the presence of the other component when quenched into ice-water after blending at the molten state. However, the more perfectly the lower melting temperature components were frozen at the amorphous state, the more rapidly they re-crystal-lized on annealing.
Investigating the variation of diffusion constants calculated from iodine sorption in the amorphous regions of the blends, it could be presumed that each component in both systems was dispersed very finely, and still more both components of 6 nylon - 66 nylon system were mixed to be packed more loosely than in the homopolymer.
The peaks of β and γ absorptions in the dynamic viscoelastic measurements of melt-quenched blends tended to shift about 10°C to higher temperature than those of homopolymers, while those peaks of blends annealed sufficiently tended to appear between those of both homopolymers. These phenomena were interpreted in terms of the weak interaction between free amide groups of both components dispersed very finely in the amorphous regions of melt-quenched blends.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (589K) -
Akira Takahashi, Shiro Takahashi1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T346-T351
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーGraft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate (MMA) mixtures onto cellulosic materials containing carbonyl and carboxyl groups were carried out using ceric salt as initiator.
Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate:
The per cent grafting reached a maximum at a ceric salt concentration of approximately 2 mmol/l, and decreased in the order; cotton linter>periodate-oxidized cellulose>nitrogen dioxide-oxidized cellulose. The per cent grafting increased with monomer concentration in the absence of nitric acid. The initial rate of polymerization increased with reaction time and temperature, and the rate of increment decreased after 30-60 min, because the rate of termination of growing chains is higher than that of initiation. The per cent grafting and the number of apparent grafted chains decreased with increasing functional group (carbonyl and carboxyl) contents, or with decreasing the degree of polymerization in cellulosic materials. From these results, it is deduced that the grafting starts more easily at the hydroxyl groups at C(2) or C(3) of anhydro glucose units than at C(1) of the reducing end groups of cellulose molecules.
Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate:
The total conversion and the per cent grafting increased with methyl methacrylate content in the feed, and decreased in the order; cotton linter>period ate-oxidized cellulose>none.
The monomer reactivity ratios r1 (MMA) and r2 (VAc) obtained for ungrafted copolymers were as follows:
r1=0.71, r2=0.29 in the presence of cotton linter,
r1=1.20, r2=0.20 in the presence of HIO4-oxidized cellulose,
r1=1.86, r2=0.03 in the absence of cellulose. From these results, it is supposed that the addition of MMA to VAc growing radicals occurs more easily in the absence of cellulosic materials than in the presence of cellulosic materials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (322K) -
羽賀 敏雄, 石橋 博1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T352-T360
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーInteractions between cellulose triacetate fiber and organic solvents are discussed with regard to the swelling behavior of cellulose triacetate fiber in many kinds of organic solvents involving chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichioroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, important media for solvent dyeing and finishing. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) The results on the equilibrium swelling of cellulose triacetate fiber in solvents showed that the interactions between cellulose triacetate fiber and solvent can be interpreted mainly by dipole force and two kinds of hydrogen bonds in which the solvent behaves as a proton accepter and a proton donor.
(2) The diffusion behavior of solvents in cellulose triacetate fiber involves several kinds of unusual behavior. These are explained by the relaxation of the substrate structure interacting with solvent and the instantaneous internal stress caused by swelling.
(3) From the relationship between the activation energy of diffusion and molecular volume of solvents, it is assumed that dispersion force and π-type hydrogen bond act between cellulose triacetate fiber and solvent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (669K) -
後藤 共子, 長野 正満1974 年 30 巻 7 号 p. T361-T366
発行日: 1974/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the dyeing mechanism of PVA fiber with reactive dyes, the effect of the amorphous state on the dyeability of reactive dyes was studied. Two reactive dyes were synthesized and the experiments on the dyeabilities were carried out in the homogeneous (solution reaction I) and heterogeneous systems (solid state reaction II).
The results were as follow,
A) The effect of substituent of 1, 3, 5-triazine ring on the rate of the reaction of PVA with reactive dyes depended on its electron density.
B) The reaction rate of II was very slow comparing with I and it was considered that the diffusion of dyes into PVA fiber is determined by the reactivity of PVA fiber because of dye aggregation.
C) The dyeability of PVA fiber depended on the degree of the crystallinity and the orientation. The reaction did not occur at the degrees of crystallinity above 50% and this dyeability increased with the chemical and mechanical treatment of PVA fiber.
It was considered that the causes of this poor dyeability of PVA fiber is related to the surface structure of the fibers and the hydrogen bonding of PVA molecules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (403K)
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