巻号一覧
18 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の23件中1～23を表示しています
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岩倉 義男1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 631-635
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
第4報 糸条内の繊維分布川崎 健太郎1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 636-643
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーEmploying the optical measurement method proposed in the previous report1), the fibers distribution in yarn has been observed and the following observations have been made that the relation between the distance from the axis of yarn and an intensity of the penetrated light is clearly shown as the Gaussian Distribution Function with respect to all textured yarn regardless of the textured process……the shape of the crimp of yarn……, and that this relation has been kept during the course of the elongation of the yarn. i.e.
wherein γ stands for the distance from the axis of yarn and σ represents the Standard Deviation.
Basing upon the value of σ of the above formula, the lateral distribution function ρ(γ) or p(γ) was. calculated. The observation agrees with the value of f(γ) of the Gaussian formula, i.e.
Consequently, it is inferred that the fibers in a textured yarn are in a random distribution, and this fact is one of the basic characteristics of the textured yarn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
(1)繊維用光粘弾性測定機の試作と2, 3の測定結果について白樫 侃, 栗山 将, 石川 欣造1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 644-650
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAn apparatus to measure the temperature dependence of the optical retardation on synthetic fiber was devised. It is also useful for the analysis of the heat-setting process on textile fiber. The temperature dependence of photo-viscoelasticity on commercial polyethylene terephthalate fiber was measured over a wide range of temperature under the constant heating and cooling rates after giving various extensions. The results are shown as follows:
1) The temperature dependence of retardation for untreated commercial P. E. T. is that_??_ increases up to the transition temperature and bigins to decrease near that region, whereas it increases rapidly with the increase of temperature. The same behavior can be seen in relation to temperature dependence on the static tension and shrinkage. This phenomenon is explained from the viewpoint of double network structure advocated by P. Herrent and others.
2) The (_??_)-temperature (T) curve of the untreated P. E. T. fiber at successive and repeated heating and cooling is irreversible in the first process and becomes reversible in the second process. The temperature dispersion in the second process shifts towards higher temperature than in the first process.
3) The variation of _??_ in _??_-T curve of P. E. T. fiber which was heated in various mediums of heating, decreases in the order of heat-treatment by dry air, silicon oil and hot water.
4) The value of _??_ at various extensions in the _??_-T relation of untreated P. E. T. fiber increases with the increase of extension at just before the rise of temperature and its temperature dependence becomes intensitive with the decrease of extension.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (508K) -
白樫 侃, 宮坂 啓象, 石川 欣造1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 651-656
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe cyclic extension of ordinary and high tenacity rayon at constant strain have been studied at various conditions (constant strain: 3_??_7%, frequency of extension: 3_??_1/2c/s) on the following aspects
1) The real amplitude of the stress and strain during cyclic extension at constant strain.
2) The mechanical properties of the cyclically strained rayon.
3) The change in length of the cyclically strained rayon in water.
4) The variation of the lateral order distribution at the low region of aggregation.
The results on the above tests show that when rayon is given cylic extension at constant strain, the structure is monotonically strengthened and the change in structure recovers perfectly in water when the constant strain is less than 5% (ordinary viscose rayon) and 7% (high tenacity rayon). The lateral order distribution at the low region of aggregation which may be relaxed by water vapour shows that the change in structure of cyclically strained rayon corresponds to the decrease of the very low order region corresponding to about 10_??_50% RH and the increase of the region corresponding to more than 60% RH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
第1報 乾燥の条件と膨潤度およびヨウ素吸着岡島 三郎, 長井 明雄1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 657-662
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーA sample of fresh viscose rayon of water content of 220% was placed in a constant velocity air current and dried to various residual water contents R% and the changes in the swelling degree Q and the iodine sorption J were observed in reference to R and the air conditions.
Q and J decrease with decreasing value of R, and drop sharply when the combined water of cellulose begins to evaporate. Q and J at equivalent R are smaller when the rayon has been dried at higher temperature and in more humid air.
When these dried samples are placed for a month at 20°C and 65% RH, Q and J decrease further and the decrements are smaller as R becomes smaller. When R reaches the equilibrium moisture content corresponding to the air conditions, J does not change any more in the above conditioning at 20°C and 65% RH.
When the rayon which has been dried to the equilibrium water content corresponding to the air condition is immersed in water and dried again, Q and J change similarly as they do in the primary drying but less in degree.
The air condition: 15_??_80% RH at 60° and 90°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (427K) -
第2報 乾燥条件と単繊維および布のかたさの変化岡島 三郎, 長井 明雄, 榎本 晟1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 662-664,657
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the effects of drying condition upon stiffness of rayon filament and fabric, viscose rayon filament and plane fabric woven from viscose rayon filament were dried at 60_??_90°C and 15_??_80% RH and the stiffness of the filament and the fabric was measured by means of a vibrating reed method and Clark's softness tester respectively.
As results, it was found that the stiffness of the fabric increased as the drying was carried out at higher temperature and at higher relative humidity, while the effects upon the stiffness EI of the filament could not be detected. The standard error of the observed data of EI was depressed to 10% or less by using a special devise, so the change in EI due to the drying was estimated to be within 10%. The Young's modulus E obtained was 0.93-1.18×1011 dyne/cm2 and coincide with the values in literature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (356K) -
第5報 レーヨンの高温水処理による膨潤度低下と解重合岡島 三郎, 長野 英雄1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 665-670
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーA Bemberg rayon was heat-treated in a small stainless steel autoclave at 180_??_220°C for 0_??_20min. with water containing various substances and DP of the treated rayon was measured. The results obtained are:
(1) Sodium sulfite protects cellulose notably from degradation while sodium thiosulfate and glucose have no good effects.
(2) Deaeration of the water containing sample before treatment is also not effective for the protection.
(3) The degradation is slightest when pH of the water is controlled to 6_??_9 at room temperature. These reuslts indicate that the degradation of rayon during the treatment is caused principally by hydrolysis and not by oxydation of cellulose.
Now the samples whose moisture content had been controlled to 0, 13.2, and 90% were steeped directly in an oil bath heated at 180_??_220°C for 0.5_??_10min. as well as being treated with water in the autoclave. The measurement of the degree of swelling Q and DP of these samlples indicate that Q decreases noticeably in an early phase of the treatment with little degradation and then continues to decrease more and more followed by a progressive drop in DP with the elongation of the treating time. This leads to a conclusion that Q can be lowered without any degradation by shock heating of rayon at sufficiently high temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (451K) -
第6報 高温水によるビスコースレーヨンのバッチ処理岡島 三郎, 井上 公雄, 矢沢 将英1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 670-674,665
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAs a preliminary test for a continuous heat-treatment, four tire-cord rayons and a textile rayon were treated in batch system at 130_??_200°C for 2.5 min. as follows: Samples of 800mg each were put into a small stainless steel autoclave containing water, which was closed tightly. Quick heating and cooling of the content were carried out by pouring the autoclave in an oil bath maintained at the desired temperature and taking it out of the bath followed by showering with cold water. The following results were obtained:
(1) The degree of swelling, Q, of tire-cord rayon dropped to 1.6_??_1.7 from the original value of 1.7_??_1.8, while that of the textile rayon to 2.0 from 2.45.
(2) The greater part of the lowering of the degree of swelling occurred within 2.5 min. of heating and elongation of the heating time was not so effective.
(3) The decrease of DP was negligible at the temperature lower than 170°C, but it became obvious when the temperature was raised to over 170°C.
(4) The depolymerization proceeded according to the Sharples' theory: 1/DPt-1/DPo=Kαt, where α is accessibility of the rayon, t the time of heating, K the velocity constant. The activation energy of the depolymerization reaction was 32.5 kcal/mole, which coincides nearly with the value of hydrolysis of cellulose in homogeneous acid solution.
(5) The moisture regain of the rayon decreased very slightly by the treatment.
(6) Iodine sorption J decreased as did the degree of swelling whereJ and Q were in linear proportion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (442K) -
第7報 高渥加圧水によるビスコースレーヨンの連続熱処理による糸質改善岡島 三郎, 井上 公雄, 矢沢 将英1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 674-676,666
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAn apparatus for continuous heat-treatment of rayon with high temperature water was constructed and the properties of the treated tire-cord rayon were investigated, where the treating temperature was 130_??_180°C and the treating time was 2 min.
The results were similar to those obtained by the batch-treatment already described in the previous paper. The degree of swelling lowered from 1.8 of the untreated to 1.6. The drop in DP during the treatment was within 8%.
The strength was raised and the elongation increased also in one example but decreased in the other. The dry Young's modulus became smaller but the wet modulus became larger. These results lead to a consideration that the heat-treatment has two effects, namely a) the developement of the net-structure mainly in amorphous region, b) and the annealing which releases the inner stress and results a loose packing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (280K) -
第1報 市販再生セルロースフィルムの紫外線吸収スペクトルについて 第2報 紫外線吸収成分の確認北村 竜太郎, 市川 正義, 田中 美照1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 677-686
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (696K) -
第1報 電子線前照射による木綿へのスチレンのグラフト重合桜田 一郎, 岡田 紀夫, 木村 藤子1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 687-693
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe grafting of styrene onto cotton fabric by pre-irradiation method has been studied. Cotton was, irradiated in the presence of air by the use of electron beams from a Van de Graaff accelerator, and, then brought into contact with methanol solution of styrene which contained about 5% water at various. temperatures in vacuo for the grafting. Styrene was found to be grafted readily onto cotton at a dose of the order of 1 Mrad. At a constant radiation intensity (2.0×104rad/sec) the amount of styrene grafted increased with total dose and the grafting time. The optimum temperature of grafting was 50°C So far as the total dose was constant the rate of grafting was independent of the intensity of irradiation between a dose rate of 2.0×103 and 1.0×105rad/sec. Almost no grafting reaction was observed whenn it was carried out in air.
Effect of the presence of ferrous ion in monomer solution on the grafting of styrene onto cotton was also studied. In the case of the grafting in vacuo, ferrous ion accelerated the process at lower temperatures, but it did not accelerate it at 50°C and 80°C. Grafting occured to a considerable extent in air when monomer solution contained ferrous ion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (517K) -
第2報 前照射した木綿へのスチレンのグラフト重合における溶剤の影響桜田 一郎, 岡田 紀夫, 木村 藤子1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 693-698,687
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーEffects of solvent and atomosphere of irradiation on the grafting and stability of active center for grafting were studied. Cotton irradiated by electron beams in air was smoothly grfted by styrene in vacuo at 50°C in methanol solution without addition of water, and its grafting rate was rather high_??_as compared to that in a monomer solution which contained water. Besides methanol, ethanol and propanol were effective for the grafting whereas butanol and amyl alcohol were not effective. Cotton irradiated in various solvents showed practically the same rate of grafting. The active center for grafting decayed more or less rapidly by heating in air or water.
When irradiation was carried out with Cobalt-60 γ-rays, the rate of the grafting onto cotton irradiated in vacuo was twice as that irradiated in air, and it was deterred in the case of irradiation in benzene.
Acrylic acid grafted readily onto cotton although a considerable amount of homopolymer was produced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (583K) -
第3報 前照射法による染色綿布へのグラフト重合桜田 一郎, 木村 藤子1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 698-700,688
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーDyed cotton fabric was preirradiated with eletron beams and then subjected to graft polymerization in vacuo at 50°C with a grafting mixture of styrene-methanol or styrene-methanol-water. Although the degree of grafting of dyed cotton fabric was lower than that of undyed one, fabric dyed with Sirius Supra Yellow FRAL, Alcian Blue 8GN and Sirius Supra Orange F3G were grafted with styrene smoothly without much fading. Almost no grafting was observed when fabrics were dyed with Indanthrene Brown G, Indanthrene Grey K or Sulphur Brown MC.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (287K) -
第5報 紡毛ミュールの運転状態図一野 哲朗, 黒崎 新也, 近田 富士雄1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 701-705
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSome diagrams of carriage displacement, sliver delivery and spindle revolution in woollen mule running (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) are made, by using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.
Arranging these data, the timing charts of twist number and draft ratio during drafting are induced. (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). These works are useful to discover the defects of running for individual woollen mule.
Some problems are pointed out from the results,
that is, (1) Decision of twist numbers for card sliver during drafting, and selection of them for various materials. (2) Effects of carriage and spindle drafting for sliver, and the proportion for spinning purpose. (3) Influence of darfting in the begining of outward carriage running.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
第6報 ドラフトのための適正撚数黒崎 新也, 近田 富士雄1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 705-709,701
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーKeeping constant the twist number per unit length in sliver during drafting, the relation between twist number and elongation has been investigated. The optimal twist number of different materials for drafting is discussed.
Generally, the elongation of maximum tension and of breaking have different optimal twist number, and so, it is reasonable to divide the total elongation in [I], [II], [III] as shown in Fig, 1.
As compared with the slivers of recarded wool, the slivers of the virgin wool are large in [I], and small in [II], [III]. (Fig, 2_??_5) The optimal twist number is principally governed by the long fibers in card sliver, and is comparatively high in wool, and low in viscose staple. (Fig. 6_??_8)
The optimal number is not particulary influenced by fiber length, but the elongations become large as fiber is lengthened (Fig. 9_??_11). When sliver is thick, the optimal number is low. (Fig. 12, 13) The optimal number becomes higher in order of [I], [II], [III].抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (403K) -
島田 雅夫1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 715-719
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAdsorption isotherms of Congo Red, Benzopurpurine 4 B and Benzopurpurine 10 B, from the dyebath within the range of concentrations 1.5×10-3 mole dyes per litre have been determined on cellophane sheets.
The results of these experiment are as following:
The ratio between the ionic products of dye anion and Na ion concentrations from dyebath and from cellophane sheet cease to maintain the constant value, in case where the cellophane sheet adsorbs more than about 4×10-2 mole per kg. This result is due to the fact that the adsorption amount is closely connected with the saturation value; for that reason, this tendency becomes more conspicuous as the adsorption amount goes on increasingly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (332K) -
第14報 各種塩基性ビニル重合体と染料の溶液中における相互作用高瀬 福巳, 小川 利彦1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 720-725
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanism of the interaction in the solution between basic vinyl polymers and the acid dye was studied by measuring the absorption spectra of C. I. Acid Red 88 affected by the addition of poly-2-vinyl pyrdine, poly-2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine or poly-1-vinyl-2-pyrolidone. The results obtained are as follows;
(1) In 1 N acetic acid solution, C. I. Acid Red 88 dissociates to anionic monomer and dimer, with the relation of K=2.24×103 at the room temperature.
(2) The aggregation of the anion of dye increases as a result of its being absorbed by their vinyl polymer. As for factors of the aggregation of the dye ions, there are the basicity of vinyl polymer, the concentration of acetic acid employed as the solvent and of NaCl.
(3) The main processes of the reaction caused by adding poly-2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine and C. I. Acid Red 88 into 1 N acetic acid solution may be summarized as follows:
The equilibrium constants of the above reactions were found respectively K1=8.4×103, K2=7.1×105 and K3=1.2×10-2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (413K) -
α-ナフトールによる染着性の増大について高瀬 福巳, 矢留 智津子1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 726-730
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe dyeing by the use of carrier often applied to increase the amount of adsorption of dyes in the dyeing of polypropylene fibre with cationic dyes (Sevron dyes) was studied. From the point of view that the effects of carrier is due to the degree of swelling of fibre in liquids, first of all, the selection of carrier was based upon the theory of solubility parameter which express the swelling and solution of fibre-forming polymers in liquids. When the polymer is not too polar, the closer the solubility parameter of the liquid is to that of polymer, the greater is the degree of swelling. Therefore some organic compounds which have a solubility parameter not too far from that of polypropylene fibre were used as carriers. The following conclusions were obtained.
A neutral or slightly alkaline dyebath is suitable for the dyeing of polypropylene fibre with Sevron dyes. The most commonly used carrier for polyester fibre, such as ο-phenyl phenol and p-phenyl phenol, and α-naphthol are effective. The optimum concentration of these carriers for maximum adsorption of dyes is 1.5mol/kg. In applying the method of carrier, it is recommended that the carrier solution pretreated fibre should be dyed in the bath containing the same carrier. In selecting carriers upon the theory of solubility parameter, though solubility parameter may be a basis of the selection, it is desirable to correct the solubility parameter of fibre, for it is only an approximate number and besides, polypropylene fibre contains too much crystalline region.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (385K) -
大森 正子, 西田 健三, 田中 利平1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 731-735
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe following results were obtained;
1) Time/absorption in the dyeing of vinylon and the amounts of the dye on fibre in equilibrium with basic and Astrazon dyes in 30°C were determined. Also the diffusion coefficients were obtained by application of Cranks' solution where the dye diffused into the fibre for a finite dyebath. The values of D/R2 (D; diffusion coefficient, cm2/min. R; radius) are (3×10-3)_??_(3×10-4).
2) From the observation of the radial distribution of these dyes in the interior of the dyed fibre using microscopic method, it was concluded that the sponge layer is more dyeable than the skin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (865K) -
片山 明, 黒木 宣彦, 小西 謙三1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 736-740
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe equilibrium adsorption of Orange II by Vinylon has been investigated over a wide range of the dye concentration in the dyebath. The internal adsorption isotherms have been calculated from the results. They differ considerably from the linear form assumed in the formulation of the dyeing theory and far from a Langmuir or a Freundlich relation.
Taking into consideration a heterogeneity of the fibre, it has been assumed the Vinylon surface to be composed of three groups of dyeing sites having the different affinities for dye. The internal adsorption isotherms may be represented by the following equation-assuming a Langmuir adsorption of the dye on each group of dyeing sites-.
The amount of dye adsorbed on the fibre surface was calculated using the equation (1). There was good agreement between the observed and the calculated values.
The saturation values [S] for each group of dyeing sites was independent of the concentration of salt in the dyebath but K for each group considerably dependent of that.
The heat of dyeing for each group of dyeing sites was calculated. It was found that there were large differences in the heat of dyeing between the groups dyeing sites.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (370K) -
第1報 熱処理による染色性の変化と均一染色におよぼす影響について高岡 昭1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 741-748
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe object of this investigation is to examine the effects of heat-treatment conditions on the dyeing property of acrylic fiber, and also to determine if heat treatments prior to dyeing could be a major cause of shade variations.
“Orlon” Acrylic fiber was treated by hot water (100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150°C), steam (100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150°C) and hot air (100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200°C) without tension at various temperatures, and then was dyed with basic dye or disperse dye. Each rate of dyeing was determined.
The effects of wet heat treatments on the dyeing property was as follows: The rate of dyeing for basic dye or disperse dye was generally increased. The higher the temperature of treatment was, the more conspicuous this tendency became. The equilibrium adsorption for basic dye did not change conspicuously, but for disperse dye it increased with higher temperature.
The effects of dry heat treatments on the dyeing property was negligible compared with that of wet heat treatments.
Variations in dyeing property as a result of wet heat treatments may be explained as being probably due to change in the dimensions of amorphous regions, namely to make loose the intermolecular force.
On the other hand heat treated “Orlon” Acrylic fibers were divided into three groups (hot water, steam, and hot air) and samples of each group were dyed together in the same dye-bath with untreated standard fiber so that they would compete for an adsorption of the limited quantity of dyestuff. Each color difference (ΔE) and total amount of dye absorbed was determined. It was shown that the temperature of thermal treatment must be carefully controlled to obtain a uniform dyeing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (601K) -
斎藤 繁, 菅田 茂1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 749-754
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーUndesirable temperature rising of the fiber through the gas phase acetylation of cellulose fiber was one of difficult points to industrialize.
1. Coloration of fiber cannot help to be avoided, if it was treated at more than 100°C with the catalyst like alkali salts of acetic acid.
2. According to the calculation the internal temperature of a filament is almost uniform and nearly equal to the temperature of the reaction gas surrounding it.
3. The temperature rising of the reaction gas passing through the filament's layer to get the heat of reaction and the heat of adsorption or the accumulation of the heat in fiber balls causes the temperature rising of fiber.
4. According to the experiment the pressure drop Δp necessary to the forced convection of reaction gas is proportional to -2.3 power of the efiective length of the reaction apparatus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (363K) -
菅田 茂, 斎藤 繁1962 年 18 巻 8 号 p. 755-758
発行日: 1962/08/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe explosion of gases through the gas phase acetylation of cellulose fiber was one of difficult points to industrialize.
1. The explosion range of three components gases, oxygen, nitrogen and acetic-acid acetic-anhydride mixture is shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
2. In Fig. 7, it is evident that the explosion through the gas phase acetylation of cellulose fiber can be avoided, if operated along the line A-B-C-D-E-A. At the start of running 1.5 times of nytrogen as much as volume of reaction vessel, and at the stop of running 2.2 times of it was used respectively, therefore if the held up gas in the reaction vessel were replaced, the possibility of explosion may be prevented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K)
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