巻号一覧
27 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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黒川 昌孝, 小西 孝, 滝 文夫, 亀井 良祐, 木村 祥平1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 457-465
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe fatigue rupture of drawn and undrawn filaments and films of nylon 6•10, especially its relationship with the molecular orientation has been investigated. Flexural and extensional fatigue tests were carried out with the rolled filaments and drawn films in which a cut was introduced with razor perpendicular to the filament axis or draw direction. The fracture surfaces were observed with the optical and electron microscope.
In the unoriented specimens crack propagate perpendicular to the direction of stress and striations corresponding to the stress periods are observed on the fractured surfaces. But in the oriented specimens crack propagates to the directions inclined at about 19_??_25 degrees to the fiber axis by the cyclic extension. These cracks propagating obliquely in the drawn specimens may be caused by the shear stress acting parallel to the fiber axis at the crack tip.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4987K) -
藤原 康晴, 安田 武1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 466-472
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCellulose acetate fibers of various acetyl contents were obtained from the saponification of cellulose triacetate (CTA) fibers with 0.01_??_0.2 N NaOH and 1.0_??_1.8 N HCl solutions. X-ray diffraction and dynamic viscoelastic property of these cellulose acetate fibers were measured and the deacetylation mechanism of cellulose triacetate fibers is discussed in connection with their dyeing behavior.
When CTA fibers were saponified in NaOH solutions, the CTA crystals and αa absorption due to micro Brownian motion of CTA amorphous molecules disappeared at the same concentration of NaOH solution. This result indicates that deacetylation proceeds annularly from the outside of the fiber as obserbed from the dyeing behavior.
On the other hand, saponification behavior with HCl solutions was fairly different from that of NaOH solutions. In the lower concentration of HCl solutions, saponification reaction didn't take place, but there was a change in the structure of CTA fiber, such as relaxation of the CTA chain molecules. In the middle concentration, the saponified fibers could be dyed with a direct dyestuff, but the CTA crystals still remained. In the higher concentration, the saponification proceeded to the crystalline regions, but the cellulose fibers formed with HCl saponification had a low thermal stability and low crystallinity. The saponification process of CTA fibers with HCl solution, therefore, does not agree with that speculated from their dyeing behavior.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1073K) -
根本 嘉郎, 寺田 仁計, 寺田 純子1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 473-477
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe stress relaxation of wool in aqueous alcohols was measured at 22±1°C. The experiments were carried out as follows. After immersed in water for 24hrs., a wool fiber stretched to 20% based on initial length at the rate of 20mm/min and then relaxed for 30min. Then water was exchanged by aqueous alcohol and the relaxation was continued for 180min. It was found that the rate and total value of relaxation increased with the chain length of alkyl group in alcohol and that the maximum relaxation occured in 45_??_60% alcohol solutions. These results were explained in terms of hydrophobic interaction of wool molecules. The same experiments were carried out with 0.01, 0.1, 0.5mole sodium bisulfite in aqueous alcohol. In the case of 0.01 mole sodium bisulfite, the effect of alcohol on the stress relaxation was small, especially in the lower alcohol concentrations. Although the effect of chain length of alkyl gronp in alcohol on this chemical relaxation in higher concentration of sodiumb isulfite was similar to that in aqueous alcohol, the rate and total value of relaxation increased with the alcohol concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (860K) -
三友 宏志, 安村 浄, 礪波 宏明1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 478-485
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe coagulation mechanism of 6 nylon-66 nylon blends obtained by dry-blending method, prepared by evaporation of the solvent from the formic acid solution of both polymers was investigated.
The crystallinity of each component of freeze-dried blends, which were prepared by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure from frozen solution, decreased remarkably by the addition of other component. On the other hand, in dry blends prepared by very slow evaporation of the solvent, the 66 nylon component crystallized independently of the 6 nylon component, but the crystallization of 6 nylon component strongly interfered with 66 nylon component as the result of co-precipitation of both components.
In the DSC curve of the dry blends obtained from aqueous formic acid solution, a new melting peak was found between the peaks of both components, However, it was considered to be one of the multiple melting peaks of 66 nylon component. This phenomenon was observed when the samples were prepared by slow sodificating process. 66 nylon component of the dry blends was observed to aggregate as dendritic crystals within large spherulites, and 6 nylon component filled up the crevices of dendritic crystals of 66 nylon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3096K) -
青木 一三, 武内 民男1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 486-494
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThermal properties of sericin prepared by various methods were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, DTA and ultramicro-electrophoresis.
The following results were obtained.
1) On X-ray and IR-spectrum studies no significant difference was observed among sericin fractions prepared by modified Mosher methods with various times and temperatures. But the isoelectric points differed a little among these sample, and the isoelectric point of A-fraction prepared with shorter time was in an alkaline side compared to those of others.
2) The thermal decomposition of sericins began to occur at 200_??_220°C. In an earlier stage of decomposition, the increase of absorption intensity of 1720cm-1 and the decrease of solubility were observed. The absorption intensities at 1230cm-1 and 1060cm-1 and the absorption intensity ratio of Amide (II/I) remarkably decreased when the crystallites were broken.
3) The sericins prepared by modified Mosher method decomposed thermally at about 260_??_270°C. The decomposition temperature of B-fractions were about 10°C higher than those of A-fractions and that of sericin prepared with the shortest time was about 10°C lower than those of others.
4) The cocoon layer of nd silkworm decomposed thermally at 258°C, but its powder had double endothermic peaks at 232°C and 266°C as well as the sericins prepared by modified Mosher methods.
5) The sericin extracted from the silkgland of nd×Taizo silkworm had double endothermic peaks at 286°C and 308°C. These correspond to the patial degradation and the weak crystal transition.
6) The sericin separated by stirring aqueous silk protein solution showed β-structure, and the thermal decomposition occured at 314°C.
From the above results, it is concluded that the decomposition temperatures depends on the crystallinity, and the sericins prepared from the silkgland and aqueous silk protein solution shows higher decomposition temperature due to contamination of fibroin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2299K) -
安喰 功, 小川 敬之1971 年 27 巻 11 号 p. 495-499
発行日: 1971/11/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper the mechanical behavior of a rubber-covered roller which is pressed against a metal roller under constant load and rotates with constant peripheral speed is analyzed on the basis of a viscoelastic model.
The results are as follows:
(1) Assuming that the behavior of rubber is represented by a model constructed of a Voigt model combined in series with a spring of modulus G0, the nip width is given by the following equation when rollers stand still.
where W: load 1: rubber thickness L: roller width R: 1/R1+1/R2=1/R R1: radius of a rubber-covered roller R2: radius of a metal roller D: (G0+G)/G G: modulus of spring in Voigt model
(2) When rollers rotate, the nip width decreases with its peripheral speed.
(3) When rollers rotate, the pressure distribution becomes asymmetric to incline to the opposite direction of rolling.
(4) The rolling friction increases with increasing peripheral speed, and the larger the instantaneous modulus, the value on the basis of the nip width at rest becomes larger.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K)
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