繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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70 巻, 11 号
繊維学会誌
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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繊維と工業
時評
解説
連載〈文化の伝承 ― 祭り ― 12〉
連載〈業界マイスターに学ぶせんいの基礎講座－2〉
連載〈溶融紡糸の原点〉
繊維学会創立70周年記念連載〈技術が支えた日本の繊維産業-生産・販売・商品開発の歩み-14〉
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  • Recycling Effects on the Properties of Pulp Fiber Sheets Produced from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
    Kose Ryota, Kimura Teruki, Abdul Aziz Mustafa Kamal, Okayama Takayuki
    2014 年 70 巻 11 号 p. 259-264
    発行日: 2014/11/10
    公開日: 2014/11/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.259
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a residual biomass produced from the processing of palm oil. Although the application of EFB to papermaking has been studied, there are no reports concerning recycled paper made from EFB pulp. In this study, the effects of recycling on the properties of EFB fiber sheets were investigated and compared to the recycling of hardwood kraft pulp fiber sheets. Following recycling, EFB sheets had lower tensile index than that of hardwood sheets but higher tensile elongation and tensile energy absorption (TEA). To explain this observation, the fiber strength index and bond strength index following recycling were calculated using Page's equation, and the results showed that the EFB sheets exhibited a lower fiber strength index. The lower tensile index of the EFB sheet is attributed to this reduced fiber strength. Observed changes in the tensile elongation of EFB sheets with increasing recycling treatments were almost the same as variations in the retention values of EFB pulps, while the bond strengths calculated from Page's equation for EFB and hardwood sheets showed little difference before and after recycling. Therefore, the significant decrease observed in the tensile elongation is attributed to a drop in the elongation-potential of the EFB pulp due to increased hornification during recycling. Furthermore, the TEA values of EFB sheets were found to be strongly dependent on the tensile elongation value as opposed to the tensile index. It is evident that the differences in the tensile index, tensile elongation and TEA values of hardwood and EFB sheets during recycling exhibit a significant dependence on the properties of the pulp rather than the bonding strength of the sheets.
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  • 平編編成域での結び目による糸切れ率に及ぼす糸と編成要素との摩擦係数の影響についての理論的解析
    村山 和弘, 小野寺 泰子, 西村 真次, 追沼 龍三
    2014 年 70 巻 11 号 p. 265-272
    発行日: 2014/11/10
    公開日: 2014/11/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.265
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A mathematical model for prediction of the end breakage rate due to knots (the weaver's knot and the fisherman's knot) in the plain knitting zone is formulated by using the mathematical model of the plain knitting process and the mechanism of the end breakage due to knots (the weaver's knot and the fisherman's knot) in the plain knitting zone. The effects of the frictional coefficient of yarn/knitting elements on the jamming rates of knots (the weaver's knot and the fisherman's knot) and the end breakage rates due to knots (the weaver's knot and the fisherman's knot) in the plain knitting zone are analyzed theoretical using the cotton yarn and the worsted yarn. The results obtained are as follows. 1) the jamming rates of knots (the weaver's knot and the fisherman's knot) increase with the increase of the frictional coefficient of yarn/knitting elements both the cotton yarn and the worsted yarn, 2) the end breakage rates due to knots (weaver's knot and fisherman's knot) increase with the increase of the frictional coefficient of yarn/knitting elements both the cotton yarn and the worsted yarn, 3) the jamming rates and the end breakage rates due to the fisherman's knot are more than the jamming rates and the end breakage rates due to the weaver's knot.
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  • 超音波を利用した繊維集合体の高性能洗浄法の検討
    後藤 景子, 中谷 博美, 徳安 恵理菜
    2014 年 70 巻 11 号 p. 273-280
    発行日: 2014/11/10
    公開日: 2014/11/10
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.70.273
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In order to save resources and energy in textile washing, ultrasound was applied as a mechanical action for soil removal. Plain-woven polyester, cotton and polyester/cotton (65/35) fabrics were soiled with oleic acid, carbon black or oleic acid/carbon black mixture as a model soil. The artificially soiled fabrics were washed in an aqueous anionic surfactant solution with applying 38 kHz ultrasound. The detergency determined by the surface reflectance method rapidly increased with time and attained almost constant within a few minutes. The detergency after 1 min washing was found to increase with increasing electric power consumption of ultrasound. The washing tests were repeated ten times in the same wash bath to save water and detergent and the obtained detergency did not change significantly. The detergency of oleic acid and oleic acid/carbon black mixture after washing with 420W ultrasound for 1 min was comparable to that with Wascator, a horizontal axis drum type washer. Furthermore, the mechanical action values obtained for ultrasonic washing were much smaller than those for Wascator, indicating that the fabric damage can be prevented by applying ultrasound to textile washing.
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