巻号一覧
15 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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阿部 孝次郎1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 73-77
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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第1報 種々のポリマーエマルジョンを混合したポリビニルアルコール水溶液の紡糸堀内 裕治, 森 昇, 北丸 竜三1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 78-82
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of obtaining polymer mixture fibers, spinning of aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing polystyrene-, polyacrylonitrile-, polyvinyl acetate-, polyethylene- and polyvinyl chloride-emulsion was carried out. When the emulsion polymer content was less than 25%, the spinning and the subsequent treatment could be done smoothly as by pure PVA fiber.
The fibers showed sufficiently high tenacity and good thermosetting properties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (418K) -
第2報 ポリアクリロニトリルエマルジンの製造法およびポリビニルアルコール水溶液との混合紡糸堀内 裕治, 森 昇, 北丸 竜三1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 82-84,78
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were carried out for the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) emulsions using isopropyl alcohol as a regulator and anionic, cationic or nonionic surface active agent as an emulsifier Optimal conditions as emulsions for the mixed spinning were found. When the ratio PAN: PVA were 2:8 filaments could be spun most smoothly. The tenacity of the filaments were as high as that of the pure PVA filament.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (330K) -
中井 章能1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 85-89
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーChanges in fibre structure of viscose fibres during treatment with caustic soda solutions of various concentrations and during subsequent drying have been investigated experimentally.
Degrees of crystallinity of fibres after swelling and deswelling were determined with iodine absorption method and relative sizes of void betwden crystalline areas were estimated by measuring equilibrium dye absorption, and following facts were observed:
(1) After swelling treatment fibres show maximum incvease in crystallinity at NaOH concentration 4_??_6%; below concentration 4_??_6% they crystalize, in the range of above 4_??_6% they decrystalize, and this decvystallizing effect becomes constant approaching 12%.
(2) After deswelling fibres show gradual increase in crystallinity in proportion to NaOH concentration due to the recrystallization of cellulose during dehydration, in consistence with previous works. This recrystallizing effect is much greater in fibres more decrystallized by swelling.
(3) Increase in dye absorption is observed after both in swelling and deswelling. Dye absorption decrease by deswelling treatment, but the increased absorption by swelling treatment is irreversible.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (435K) -
第1報 凝固と再生を別々に行つたモデル繊維素ゲルによる考察中井 章能1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 90-94
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe present examination refers to cellulose gels coagulated freely by the procedure by which the formation process is broken up into individual phases:- (1) gelatination of viscose, and (2) regeneration of this xanthate gel to cellulose itself.
Fine structuves of both fresh and dry gels, such as equilibrium absorption of dye, accessibility and lateral-order distribution, were investigated with regard to various conditions of Na2SO4 and H2SO4 baths or to various degrees of ripeness of viscose respectively, and following fundamental concepts were obtained:
Degree of changes in gel structure during shrinking process of drying depends upon a degree of order of chaines in the less orderly regions of fresh gel, although the specific character of fresh gel is retained after its shrinkage.
The structure of xanthate gel frame, built up primarily beforer egeneration, plays the decisive part in relation to the structure of cellulose gel resulting from it by regenerating and drying.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (422K) -
第18報 セルロースの膨潤溶解過程の顕微鏡的考察越沢 徳美1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 95-101
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe comparative investigations on the behaviors of cellulose in phosphoric acid, in xanthation, and in acetylation were carried out microscopically. The similarity of swelling state was noticed in phosphoric acid and xanthation. The behavior of cellulose in acetylation, however, differed from those in the former two reagents, The fact may be ascribed to the higher rate of degradation and solubilization of cellulose than the rate of access (i. e. Penetration and esterification) of acetylating reagent. It was noticed that the susceptive “weak points” in outer layer of fiber were the cause of “baloon like swelling” in phosphoric acid or xanthation, and they also caused cracks perpendicular to fiber-axis in acetylation. It was also stated that the swelling test with phosphoric acid is a convenient method to know the inhomogeneity of accessibility in interfiber or intra-fiber and the reaction “Processability” (cf. R. C. Blume et al.; Tappi, 37, 28 (1954)) of dissolving pulp in xanthation and acetylation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5132K) -
酒井 哲也, 久世 栄一, 小林 満1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 102-107
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーUnder experimental conditions the raw silk yarn is wound up into a cake, and relation between the strength or elongation of the wound-up yarn and the pressure of yarn guide and the yarn tension is investigated.
Results following;
i) The strength or elongation decreases with increased yarn tension and of the pressure of the yarn guide.
ii) The standard deviation of the strength or elongation increases with increase of the yarn tension and of the pressure of yarn guide. However, when the pressure of yarn guide and the yarn tension are adjusted in the deviation may be minimized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (716K) -
第XXVI報 キャロット毛とモデル処理毛との伸長-荷重曲線の比較岡島 三郎, 池田 佐喜男, 水上 喜七郎1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 108-115
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリー1) Stress-strain curves of the carroted fibres at 20°, 35° and 50°C were compared and the difference among the three was but small.
2) In order to know the effects of the cystine and hydrogenbridges on the mechanical behaviors of the fibres, the stress-strain curve of an Ammonium-thioglycolate-treated fibre in the buffer solution was compared to those of the untreated fibres in 50% urea and 50% LiBr (containing 10-3 M Br2 or more) solutions respectively. But the essential difference can not detected among their 30%-extension and recovery curves.
3) Therefore it is difficult to explain adequately the relation between the change in the shape of the stress-strain curves of the variously carroted fibres and the chemical reaction occurred during the treatment and induced some changes upon the molecular structure of the fibre.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (669K) -
根岸 道治, 伊東 平八郎1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 116-123
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーResearches on the amidoximation of N % 3_??_5 partially cyanoethylated cotton fabric with the aqueous NH2OH•HCl solution were carried out, including the effects of temperature and pH of reaction bath, concentration of NH2OH • HCl NH2OH/CN mol ratio and addition of nonionic surface active agent on the rate of amidoximation and the mechanical properties of the treated fabric. The results obtained are as following:
For amidoximation, the neutral or minute alkaline solution of NH2OH and the temperature of 80°C and above are the necessary. The addition of nonionic active agent gives little retarding effect on the rate of amidoximation. Above and below about 15 of NH2OH/CN mol ratio, the relation of the first and the second order reaction is approximately applied respectively. The discolouration from pale blue to yellowish pale brown with the increase of the amidoximation takes place, while the discolouration of the lower amidoximation is small.
By the amidoximation, especially the lower amidoximation of lower cyanoethylated cotton and the slower raising of reaction temperature, the crease and flex abrasion resistance as well as moisture regain increase considerably, retaining the most part of the tensile strength, elongation, tearing strength and softness of untreated fabrics. Generally, even the lower degree of amidoximation gives a striking increase of the acid dyestuff affinity and a great decrease of the basic dyestuff affinity. However, the affinity for the acid dyestuff “Eosine” is lost by the amidoximation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (580K) -
高柳 素夫, 荒牧 輝夫, 許斐 毅志1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 124-128
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーTo examine the effects of γ-ray irradiation on the physical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers, their densities, breaking strengths, breaking elongations, viscosities and thermal shrinkages were measured for samples, subjected in vacuum to the γ-ray radiation from cobalt 60 source at room temperature. The radiation doses were ranged from 0 to 3×107r.
The breaking strength decreases with increasing dosage, but the detectable irradiation effects are found neither in densities nor in breaking elongations.
The degrees of polymerization estimated from viscosity measurements decreased with irradiation at lower dosages, while they showed a tendency to rise at higher dosages again.
The irradiation effects on the thermal shrinkage (percent shrinkage versus temperature curve) markedly become visible only at the higher temperature range. Both the unirradiated and the low irradiated specimens are ultimately broken due to the flow of the molecular chains accelerated with rising temperature, after showing the maximum contraction at about their melting temperature (180_??_190°C).
The higher the radiation dosage, the more the flow of the molecular chains becomes remarkable from lower temperature, corresponding to the chain scission due to irradiation, while for the drastically irradiated specimens in our experiments, the flow stops at about 260°C and at the same time the shrinkage of the fibers begins to appear again.
These characteristic behaviours may be explained by the facts that the radiation-induced radicals, which are relatively stable at room temperature, become reactive at higher temperature range and take part in the cross-linking reaction effectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
第5報 絹糸の発酵精練における縮合リン酸塩ソーダの効果大村 英吉, 平田 行, 小林 正光1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 129-131
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe samples used are cocoon shells resulting from the reeling of raw silk as a by-product. Effects of condensed phosphates in preparing and finishing processes of the materials on fermentative degumming are ascertained.
The result obtained are as follows:
1) In eliminating oily substances from the materials, pyrophosphates acts as an effective agent.
2) As regards the loss percentage of the materials, sodium metasilicate shows the most remarkable result; pyrophosphate medium and metaphosphate glass (so-called hexametaphosphate) the least.
3) When much pyrophosphate is used, the finished articles present white appearance.
4) The most favorable feel of the finished articles can be obtained by soap treatment. Treatment with sodium metasilicate or with metaphosphate glase does not give desirable result, leaving rough feel of the finished articles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (215K) -
第5報 二,三の化学薬剤の利用別宮 不二雄, 東 昇1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 132-137
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSetting of wool fiber with thioglycolic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde, the latter two being attempted to perform relinking between polypeptide chains of reduced fiber with thioglycolic acid, were studied in relation to conditions of treatments.
Results obtained were as follows:
(a) High degree of set outside of isoelectric region of wool fiber in thioglycolic acid treatment is obtained. High degree of set in alkaline side is mainly due to alkali itself.
(b) It is observed the saturated value of set is obtained at the definite concentration of thioglycolic acid, the concentration depending on the temperature of treatment.
(c) The higher the temperature, the higher the degree of set is obtained, and the tendency is clearly noticed in high temperature.
(d) Long period of rinsing in water after treatment increases set of fiber. It is considered that the increase of set is rather due to relinks between segments during the long soaking, not necessary due to removal of thioglicolic acid remained in fiber.
(e) After treatment with hydrogen peroxide for pretreated wool fiber with thioglycolic acid promotes set. It is doubtful, however, that the promotion of set is due to relinks of cysteins by oxidation with peroxide, as ordinarily believed, from the fact that the fiber is damaged when the set is obviously promoted.
(f) Set of wool fiber pretreated with thioglycolic acid is evidently elevated by aftertreatment with formaldehyde aqueous solution. It may be bought about by methylene crosslinks between polypeptides, considering from that alkali solubility of the fiber is less than that of fiber not aftertreated, The improvment of set by aftertreatment with formaldehyde depends on pH value, concentration, and temperature of treatments.
(g) The tendencies, above described, were ascertained also in the case of worsted fabric.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K) -
藤野 清久, 藤本 典秀1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 138-141
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーVinylon is a modified polyvinylalcohol fibre and sorption of congo red in heat-treated P. V. A. film may be studied for dyeing vinylon.
The sorption isotherms of congo red molecules in heat-treated P. V. A. films were established at 45°, 60° and 70°C.
The isotherms were consisted of two parts, Langmiur's type part and partiton type part namely;
From the above analysis of isotherms, the sorbed dye molecules in P. V. A. were divided into two parts, namely congo red molecules directly bonded with P. V. A. polymer chains, called Langmiru's type, and not directly bonded with P. V. A., called partition type.
For hydrophilic fibres or films, an amount of sorbed water in them gives an effect for their amount of sorbed dye.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (262K) -
加藤 嵩一1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 142-143
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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長野 正満1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 144-149
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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呉 祐吉1959 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 149-150
発行日: 1959/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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