巻号一覧
34 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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山石 健次, 佐貫 治夫1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T1-T5
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMany acrilic fibers subject wet heat treatment after wet spinning. The heat treatment may make the acrilic fiber assembly to absorb a large quantity of water. In this study, using PAN films instead of acrilic fibers, surface wettability was examined after heat treatments under various conditions. The conditions are 1) dry 2) wet 3) dry after wet heating.
Results are as follows;
By dry heat treatment, wettability of sample film decreased with temperature, while wet heat treatment, it increased. Wet heat treatment followed by dry one, however, induced unique change in the surface property: At initial stage, wettability decreased with temperature, and then turned to increase above certain threshold temperature which was 50-60°C higher than wet heating temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (286K) -
内田 盛也1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. P5-P10
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (501K) -
Asako Hirai, Masao Hosono, Waichiro Tsuji1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T6-T11
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe moisture regain and the crystalline structure of partially cyanoethylated cotton fibers were examined in comparison with the results on the cotton fabrics. Cotton was treated with acrylonitrile at 20°C and 0°C after immersing in 18wt% NaOH aqueous solution at 15°C and -5°C, respectively. A greater effect of cyanoethyl residue to retain highly decrystallized state of the treated cotton fibers was observed in the cyanoethylation at 0°C and the fibers showed greater moisture regain. On the contrary, the effect of temperature on the treatment for cotton fabrics was not so sensitive as in the case of fibers. Such factors as textile structure in fabrics, temperature in alkali-pretreatment and cyanoethylation, and the rate of diffusion of acrylonitrile were considered as the causes of the discrepancy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (381K) -
川口 達郎, 十時 稔1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. P11-P19
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (666K) -
片山 明, 南後 守, 滝川 雅雄, 黒木 宣彦1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T12-T15
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of ureas upon the structure of ethylene glycol is discussed. The viscosity of ureasethylene glycol solutions have been measured in the concentration range 0.2 to 1.0 in molarity at 10°, 25° and 40°C. The relative viscosities, and the viscosity B coefficient in the equation, η/η0=1+BC+DC2 have been determined, where B, D are the viscosity coefficients and C is the molarity. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of the temperature dependence of the B coefficient ΔB/ΔT, to find the structural change of ureas-ethylene glycol solutions. The increment of fluidity yieled by the structure-breaker in a solvent decreases the B coefficient. The increase of temperature, however, decreases the structural regularity of solvent and get the decrease of the B coefficient smaller. So, ΔB/ΔT yieled by structure-breaker gets positive, while ΔB/ΔT yieled by structuremaker gets negative as an opposite. It is concluded that in ethylene glycol, urea, of which ΔB/ΔT is negative, is a structure-maker and tetramethylurea, of which ΔB/ΔT is positive, is a structure-breaker.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (247K) -
Takeaki Miyamoto, Masao Sugitani, Hiraku Ito, Takashi Kondo, Hiroshi I ...1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T16-T23
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーChemical processings of waste wool fiber to prepare solid gel-particles (crosslinked kerateine gels), and their basic characteristics as adsorbent for heavy metal ions were investigated. A series of kerateine gels having different thiol (SH)-contents were obtained by gentle oxidation of kerateines which were brought into solution by reducing disulphide bonds of wool fiber. The oxidation was made by dialyzing the kerateine solution against water.
The kerateine gels showed very high uptakes of metal ions, specific to Hg2+, from aqueous media in comparison with those by commercially available adsorbents and native wool. In acid media, a relation was found between the SH-content and Hg2+ uptake: the uptake increased with increasing SH-content. The Hg2+ uptakes strongly depended on the pH of the media, showing a maximum around pH 2.5 and then a gradual increase in the uptake at pH values higher than 5. The adsorption isotherm did obey the Freundlich equation in acid media but not in alkaline media in a range of lower Hg2+ concentrations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (522K) -
安田 浩, 石原 英昭, 染川 博生1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. P20-P27
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (483K) -
岩木 信男, 吉村 元一, 新宅 救徳, 沢柳 健二1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T24-T30
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe drag force of yarn in the air flow is one of important factors for analysing the production of the yarn. However it is not so simple as for the smooth cylinder.
In this paper, the air drag in the normal direction to the spun cotton yarn and the acetate filament yarn were measured. In this experiment the air flow in 5 to 30m/s was applied in the wind tunnel and the following results were obtained.
In the first, for expressing the air drag in terms of the air speed, an experimental formula, A=kVn, was assumed, where A (g/cm) is the air drag per unit length, V (m/s) is the air speed and k and n are constants. Results show that n is related to the structure of the yarn and k is related to the yarn diameter. Values, n, are found to be about 1.76 for the cotton spun yarn and 1.98 for the low twisted acetate filament yarn, respectively.
In the second, the ratio of the effective diameter D, to the projective diameter D0 was examined. D of a yarn was determined by measuring the diameter of a nylon mono-filament fibre which had the same air drag with that of the yarn at the same air speed. For the cotton spun yarn, the ratio D/D0, is about 1.5 to 2 and decreases as the air speed increases. For the low twisted acetate filament yarn, the ratio is about 1.2 to 1.6 and increases as the air speed increases. However, for the highly twisted acetate filament yarn, the ratio is about 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (884K) -
久世 栄一1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. P28-P34
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (3391K) -
高岸 徹, 黒木 宣彦, 脇田 登美司1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T30-T36
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーNylon 66 fiber was pretreated with butanol/water solutions of various compositions. Density and X-ray diffraction, and water absorption of the pretreated fibers were investigated as measures of crystallite and amorphous regions, respectively. Also the dyeing behaviors of the fibers with 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone in water were studied with reference to changes in the fine structure of the fibers.
Crystallinity and water absorption of the fiber increased with the use of butanol/water mixture as compared to the treatment with butanol or water alone. Crystallite orientation decreased with the increase in the crystallite growth.
The dye uptake increased in the following order: untreated fiber_??_fiber pretreated with water<fiber pretreated with aqueous 5% butanol solution<fiber pretreated with butanol_??_fiber pretreated with aqueous 95% butanol solution<fiber pretreated with aqueous 90% butanol solution. The rate of dye absorption increased, and the dyeing transition temperature decreased, in the almost same order.
The results obtained are briefly discussed in terms of the plasticization of the fiber structure during the pretreatment with butanol/water solutions. Furthermore, the effects of butanol/water on the fine structure and dyeing behaviors are compared with nylon 66 and nylon 6.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1154K) -
砺波 宏明, 曽根 健夫, 山崎 隆1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T37-T43
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to improve dyeing property with cationic dyes and fastness to washing, acid and hydrophobic groups were introduced into a viscose rayon fabric.
Acid groups were introduced by oxidizing the fabric with sodium metaperiodate and further treating with sodium bisulfite. Hydrophobic groups were introduced by treating with various isocyanate.
The relations between chemical structure of alkyl groups introduced into the fabric and washing fastness of dyed products were studied.
Results were as follows:
(1) The fabric being introduced the acid groups indicates good dyeing property for cationic dyes, but it shows poor fastness to washing.
(2) By introducing acid and hydrophobic groups simultaneously the fabric is dyed with cationic dyes in high yield and the fastness to washing is much improved.
(3) The fastness to washing is increased with carbon numbers of linear alkyl groups of the isocyanates.
(4) Methyl and ethyl groups are not effective to improve the fastness to washing but propyl and buthyl groups are effective.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (467K) -
南後 守, 片山 明, 黒木 宣彦1978 年 34 巻 1 号 p. T44-T47
発行日: 1978/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe present work reports proton chemical shift of water to reveal the nature of urea in water and in tetramethylurea solutions (6_??_14mol/l) in which the regularity of water structure is decreased. The data show that addition of urea in water causes a decrease of the hydrogen bond of urea-water (high field shift) like the addition of tetramethylurea (4mol/l) in water, but causes an increase of the hydrogen bond of urea-water in the high concentration region of tetramethylurea solutions like the nature of urea in ethyleneglycol previously reported. These results suggest that urea-water hydrogen-bonded interactions exist and give some ordered arrangement of urea and water molecules because urea can build hydrogen bond to water through its four hydrogen atoms and the carbonyl oxygen. The effect of urea in water structure may be both structure breaker and structure maker.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (298K)
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