繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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59 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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時評
特集＜水および大気環境保全と繊維＞
連載＜やさしい繊維基礎講座＞
解説
一般報文
  • 剛直高分子三次元架橋体／ナイロン6複合体の作製とその力学的性質
    内田 哲也, 島村 薫, 木村 邦生
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 207-212
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.207
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Rigid polymer networks were prepared by polycondensation of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol with a mixture of terephthalic acid (TPA) and trimesic acid (TMA). The apparent density was dependent on TPA⁄TMA ratio and much less than that of linear PBZT (1.57 g⁄cm3), showing existence of many nano voids within the network. As the segment was so rigid, many COOH's were left around the voids. The network swelled twice in weight with ε-caprolactam, which was polymerized into a composite form of nylon6 impregnated rigid polymer network. Extraction of free nylon6 from the composite with formic acid showed that a quarter of nylon6 grafted directly to rigid polymer network. The grafted nylon6 could not crystallize evidenced by DSC measurements. On the other hand, particles of PBZT network (several hundred nm in diameter) were prepared by stopping the polycondensation just before gelation. A composite film was prepared with the particles swollen with ε-caprolactam. The ratio of PBZT network⁄nylon6 was 1⁄3 and the apparent density of the composite film was 1.23 g⁄cm3 which is higher than that of a pure nylon6 film (1.16 g⁄cm3). Significant improvement in the mechanical property was observed for this composite.
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  • ブレンド比の異なるポリプロピレン⁄ポリアミド６ブレンド繊維の物性に対する紫外線照射の影響
    高橋 哲也, 近田 淳雄
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 213-221
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.213
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A study was carried out on the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by a Xenon lamp on the mechanical properties of polypropylene⁄polyamide 6 (PP⁄PA6) blend fibers. The greater the PA6 content of a blend fiber was, the greater the tensile strength was observed. Although the blend fibers with low PA6 content showed little dropoff in tensile strength through 300 hr of radiation time, the tensile strength decreased rapidly toward 600 hr. Moreover, the thermal behaviors of fibers irradiated with UV were investigated using DSC, and the results showed that UV irradiation lowered the temperature of PA6 endothermic peak at the higher temperature side. Consequently, the peak at the lower temperature side of the fiber with low PA6 content disappeared, and the melting endothermic peak of the PA6 component became only a single peak. The endothermic peak temperature of the PP component was lowered by UV irradiation.
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  • 紫外線照射したポリプロピレン⁄ポリアミド６ブレンド繊維に及ぼす溶融粘度比の影響
    高橋 哲也, 近田 淳雄
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 222-229
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.222
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A study was conducted on the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by a xenon lamp on the structure and mechanical properties of PP⁄PA6 blend fibers. B-2 blend fibers, which have a viscosity ratio (ηPP⁄ηPA6) lower than 1, show a small dropoff in tensile strength up to 300 hr of irradiation time. However the tensile strength decreases rapidly at 600 hr. In the E-1 blend fiber, which has a viscosity ratio (ηPP⁄ηPA6) higher than 1 and the same PA6 content as in the B-2 blend fiber, tensile strength decreases slightly with UV irradiation.
    Next, the molecular weight of PP component in blend fiber was measured using GPC. The results indicate that the B-2 blend fiber, having a viscosity ratio (ηPP⁄ηPA6) lower than 1, shows a smaller decrease of molecular weight by UV irradiation than the E-1 blend fiber. These results suggest that in the B-2 blend fiber, the degradation of PP component is controlled, because the two components of B-2 blend fiber are dispersed to disturb the penetration of UV light. Although the tensile strength of B-2 blend fiber decreases more largely with UV irradiation than that of E-1 blend fiber, the molecular weight of PP component in E-1 blend fiber degreases more largely than that in B-2 blend fiber. Since the PA6 component of the E-1 blend fiber is formed as the continuous phase, the decreases in tensile strength and strain of E-1 blend fiber with UV irradiation might be smaller than those of B-2 blend fiber. Moreover, the thermal behaviors of fibers irradiated with UV light were investigated using DSC. Though two endothermic peaks are observed near the melting point of PA6 component in B-2 blend fiber, the endothermic peak at the higher temperature side is lowered by UV irradiation. And the two melting endothermic peaks of the PA6 component change to a single peak. In both blend fibers, the endothermic peak temperature of the PP component is lowered by UV irradiation.
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  • 筒状角組系組物の設計方法と機械化手法
    多田 牧子, 仲井 朝美, 濱田 泰以
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 230-234
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.230
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Aiming at a more mechanically optimized braided preform and its manufacturing, thick square braids with hollows were investigated and the method for determining bundle parts of the 3D braids were developed. Formulas giving the optimum number of bundles of the square braids were derived and a design method to arrange horn gears and to determine the number of horn docks, necessary for the construction of the 3D rotary braider, were also presented. These lead to the manufacture of 3D braids with arbitrary braiding structures. On the basis of the proposed theory, a rotary braider capable of manufacturing any 3D braids with a wide variety of cross sections was designed by unitizing the spindle-exchange mechanism. The realized braider worked successfully and manufactured thick 3D braids with solid and hollow cross sections.
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ノート
  • 炭酸ガスレーザー加熱延伸されたポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の分子鎖配向挙動と結晶化度
    伊香賀 敏文, 大越 豊, 後藤 康夫, 奈倉 正宣, 河原 豊
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 235-238
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.235
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The molecular orientation behavior and crystallinity of laser-heated drawn poly (ethylene terephthalate) fiber was analyzed by DSC, FTIR-ATR, WAXD, density, and refractive indices measurements. Trans-conformation and crystallinity increased with draw ratio. Fixed length annealing increased crystal orientation and fold-band fraction for all fibers. By the annealing, birefringence and the orientation of crystal c-axis to fiber axis were increased for four times drawn fibers, while they were decreased for six times drawn fibers. The big decrease of gauche-conformation by the annealing was observed for the fiber drawn to six times with the minimum laser power for stable drawing.
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  • Effect of Aluminum Sulfate Treatments on Sizing Behavior of Handsheets Prepared by Internal Addition of Diperfluoroalkylphosphate
    Satoru Fukuda, Akira Isogai, Masahiko Ishikawa, Tetsuya Masutani
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 239-242
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.239
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    When diperfluoroalkylphosphate (DPFP) was used as a wet-end additive of papermaking, sizing efficiency was low, compared with the conventional internal sizes. Then, improvement of sizing performance by using aluminum sulfate was attempted for the DPFP-treated handsheets. However, sizing degrees of the handsheets remarkably decreased, when aluminum sulfate was used in place of polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE). Moreover, DPFP components once adsorbed on pulp fibers through aluminum components in pulp slurries were easily detached by extended stirring time of the pulp slurries. Meanwhile, when aluminum sulfate was added to pulp slurries in the cylinder of handsheet machine before drainage, where PAE and DPFP were added beforehand to the pulp slurries by the standard method, clear sizing improvement was observed for the handsheets prepared with 0.5% Al2(SO4)3. Positive effects of aluminum sulfate were also observed in soaking treatments of DPFP-treated base handsheets in a 0.5% Al2(SO4)3 solution.
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  • 経路図法による組糸の3次元経路の推定
    多田 牧子, 仲井 朝美, 濱田 泰以
    2003 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 243-246
    発行日: 2003年
    公開日: 2004/09/30
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.243
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Braids provide excellent preform in reinforcing composite materials. But the type of braided structure in use has depended simply on the availability of the braiding machine. Some traditional braids are highly complicated and show a variety of braiding structures where we may find more rational structures that may lead to a replacement of the present braids. The goal of this study is to obtain the mechanically rational braiding structure. We prepared 3 traditional braids with different braided structures. The 3D path of the braids was estimated by newly developed bundle path diagram method. For comparison, slices of cross-section of the braids were captured and the bundle orientations were visualized by the volume reconstruction technique by a computer. The braided structures determined by the bundle path diagram method showed good agreement with those visualized by the 3D volume reconstruction technique.
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