繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
46 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • 大越 豊, 大島 浩, 松久 剛, 宮本 宣之, 鳥海 浩一郎, 近田 淳雄
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 87-92
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Crystal orientation function, crystallite sizes and mechanical properties of drawn poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) filaments obtained by drawing amorphous unoriented filaments at temperatures from 20 to 280°C were investigated. The properties of filaments redrawn at 260 to 320°C after drawing at 145°C and 150°C (“two-step-drawn” filaments) were also examined. The degree of orientation increases with drawing temperature above 160°C and reached to the maximum value at 260°C. The maximum value of the crystal orientation function and the birefringence of amorphous region are 0.983 and 0.234, respectively. The largest value of tensile modulus of drawn filaments was 12.2GPa. Plots of amorphous compliance against birefringence of amorphous region showed a straight line, which have a large slope below the draw ratio of 2 and a small slope above the value of the draw ratio. The filaments redrawn at 260°C after drawing at 145°C showed almost the same values of the degree of crystallinity and orientation as the filaments drawn directly at 260°C. While the degree of orientation of amorphous region decreased with drawing temperature for the filaments drawing directly above 260°C, it increased up to 300°C for the “two-step-drawn” filaments. The number of crystallite in the filaments seems to affect the restriction of the amorphous regin.
  • 山田 晶子, 松川 哲哉
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 93-97
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of types of fibers and fabrics on the rate constant in the falling rate period in drying were investigated by the automatic measurement of drying process. It was found that the rate constant in the falling rate period (k2) could be converted to the decreasing coefficient of evaporation rate (k) by using the following equation: k=k2xd/kl where, xd and k1 were the dry fabric weight and the evaporation rate in the constant rate period, respectively. The light fabric showed the large k2 value when the same fiber was used. The k2 xd value increased in the following order; wool, silk, cotton, nylon, acrylic, and polyester, and they dried faster in that order.
  • 山田 晶子, 山田 尚雄
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 98-103
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rate constant in the falling rate period of drying process was considered by assuming an equilibrium sorption condition in the materials. The rate constant, k, was expressed by the following equation: k=αn/Vo where, α, n and Vo were the coefficient determined by temperature and water vapor pressure, the constant in Halsey equation described the sorption isotherm, and the water regain after drying, respectively. The experimental k values were in good agreement with the calculated values for the natural fibers having small k values. In the case of synthetic fibers and low humidity which gave large k values, the experimental k values were smaller than the calculated ones.
  • 蜂須賀 久雄, 辻田 義治, 滝澤 章, 木下 隆利
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 104-108
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    一般にゴム状高分子膜の拡散係数の決定に適用されるtime-lag法(Dθ=l2/6θ, l:膜厚, θ:遅れ時間)をガラス状高分子膜の拡散係数の決定に用いる場合,真の拡散係数(D)との間に相異を生ずることが知られている。この違いは高分子膜の表面でのペネトラントの吸収には高分子鎖の配置替えが必要であり,高分子セグメント鎖が動くことができるゴム状態にあれば表面濃度は速やかに平衡濃度に達すると考えられるが,ガラス状態になると高分子セグメント鎖の運動が拘束され表面濃度が時間に依存して変化することに起因する。そこで表面濃度の時間依存性を考慮した境界条件を用いFickの策二法則を解くことで導かれた式によリガラス状高分子膜へのペネトラント拡散を検討した。得られた式は表面濃度の時間依存性の尺度として定義したα(=β12/D)の値が小さい場合,即ち高分子セグメント鎖の運動性が拘束されている場合, θの値がα→∞の場合と比較して大きくなることを示し,このαは高分子膜のTg及びペネトラントの種類に依存することが認められた。
  • 草桶 秀夫, 松井 典子, 坪倉 幸男, 桜井 謙資
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 109-114
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Porous chitosan membrane was prepared by drying a mixed solution of chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an oven at 50°C on a plate, followed by dialysis, and lipase was immobilized in the porous chitosan membrane with glutaraldehyde. The lipase immobilized in porous chitosan membrane obtained from the mixture of chitosan and PEG with the molecular weight of 20000 (1:1 in weight) had a high hydrolysis activity towards olive oil. The activity yield of the immobilized enzyme was as much as 64% of the native enzyme, and increased with decreasing membrane thickness. Much difference was found neither in pH nor temperature dependency between the activities of immobilized and native enzymes. The immobilized lipase in porous chitosan membrane retained about 180% of the activity at initial use after repeated use of 7 times.
  • 新宅 救徳, 尾田 十八, 奥野 登起男
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 115-121
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effectiveness of tension control method is made clear by measuring the internal strain and the shape in end faces of the two yarn packages. One is formed according to the theoretical tension curve which makes the residual circumferential stress to be same for all yarn layers, and the other is formed under constant winding tension. Tension controller manufactured in this experiment can form yarn packages according to winding tension of arbitrary theoretical curve from the internal yarn layer to the external yarn layer. In the yarn package formed under controlled winding tension on the assumption that the degree of anisotropy in the nylon-6 yarn package is in the range from 0.36 to 0.50, bulge and cob-webbing of the eng faces of it are smaller than the yarn package formed under constant winding tension. The values and distributions of internal strain, and unwinding tension for the yarn package formed under controlled winding tension, are smaller than ones of the yarn package formed under constant winding tension.
  • 草桶 秀夫, 竹村 鉄也, 市川 広海
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. 122-125
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Alcatigenes faecalis菌体をアルギン酸カルシウムゲルビーズに固定化し,くり返しバッチ培養によリキトサナーゼの生産を行った。固定化菌体の活性は,培養時間の増加とともに増加し, 6日間の培養後, 3.6U/mlとなり,遊離菌体の活性の約3分の1となった。くり返しバッチ培養の実験において,固定化菌体の活性はバッチ回数の増加とともに増加し, 5回目のバッチ以上ではわずかに減少した。固定化菌体によるキトサナーゼの生産は, 0.1%グルコース, 0.5%ペプトン, 0.1%酵母エキス, 0.1%KH2PO4, 0.02%MgSO4・7H2O, 0.1%NaCl, 0.5%CaCl2・2H2O,および0.5%コロイダルキトサンを含む酵素生産用培地(pH7.0)を用いて行った。
  • 今岡 春樹, 渋谷 惇夫
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. P78-P83
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 加藤 陽一, 岩崎 謙次, 近藤 邦雄
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. P84-P91
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 川端 博子, 石川 欣造
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. P92-P96
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原田 隆司, 土田 和義
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. P97-P101
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 大橋 正男
    1990 年 46 巻 3 号 p. P102-P107
    発行日: 1990/03/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
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