巻号一覧
35 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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小森 尚志, 牧島 邦夫, 氏原 靖志, 松永 良勝1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T1-T5
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーWe pointed out here a defect in Kallmes and Corte's theory of crossing of crimped fibers in 2-dimensional random fiber assembly and derive a modified theory. It is concluded contrary to the above authors' opinion that crimps of fibers do not affect the average number of crossing points pet fiber but affect the variance of distribution of the number of crossing points.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (358K) -
河合 厚, 小田 孝則1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T6-T12
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to improve the brittleness and the fibrillation properties, the influence of small amount of ZnSO4 in the coagulating bath and the conditions of the stretching and regeneration bath upon the structure and characteristics of polynosic fibers was investigated.
The filaments coagulated in a bath of low acid concentration and containing small amounts of ZnSO4 were stretched or passed, after being stretched, in the hot water baths of various H2SO4 concentration. It was found that the knot tenacities and the fibrillation properties of the polynosic fibers were remarkably improved by using the hot bath of very low H2SO4 concentration. With the increase in H2SO4 or the salt concentration of the bath, the above fiber characteristics were deteriorated severely.
The improved polynosic fiber gave a thick outer layer containing no fibrillar portion, while the inner layer showed a well developed fibrillar structure. It was found that the outer layer had higher crystallinity, lower orientation and more porous structure than the inner layer.
The coagulating bath containing ZnSO4 in the concentration 0.2-0.6g/l was most effective in improving the fiber properties, while the bath devoid of the salt gave no such effect.
The mechanism of forming such a double layered structure in the polynosic fiber was inferred as follows: the outer layer of the coagulated filament could be subject to swelling and be relaxed by the diffusion of alkali from the inner layer when the filament was passed through the hot water bath of very low acid and salt concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (562K) -
清造 剛, 辻本 啓三1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T13-T18
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーWholly aromatic nylon copolymers were prepared by low-temperature solution polycondensation in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent from diamine of p-phenylene(P) or m-phenylene(M) and diacid chloride of terephthaloyl(T) or isophthaloyl(I). Copolymer compositions measured by IR method for P/M-I copolymers are nearly equal to comonomer compositions. Melting point measured by DTA method and crystallinity measured by X-ray method decrease and solubility increases, by the copolymerization. Films were prepared by casting from as-polymerized solutions of P/M-I copolymers. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation and dynamic modulus near room temperature increase with increasing comonomer content. Retention of dynamic modulus at higher temperature increases with increasing P content of copolymers. Some discussion was made on these results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
三輪 実, 大沢 直志, 田原 健二1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T19-T27
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the short glass fiber-resin composites, the shear strength at fiber-matrix interface is one of the dominating factors for the reinforcement effect. In this paper, a method was devised to determine the shear strength accurately, taking the strength distribution of glass fiber into consideration. The values, calculated for the tensile strength of composites by this method, were in better agreement with experimental ones than those calculated under the assumption of the constant strength of glass fiber.
The tensile strength of composites increases with the increase in the aspect ratio of reinforcing fiber. The increasing trend is almost the same regardless of the kind of matrix, the nature of interfacial treatment and the environmental temperature. When the composites are reinforced with random-planar orientation of short glass fibers of 1.5 times the mean critical fiber length, the tensile strength of composites reaches about 90% of the theoretical strength of composite reinforced with continuous glass fiber. Reinforcing with glass fibers of 5 times the length, the tensile strength reaches about 97% of theoretical one. However, it is adequate to use short fibers of 1.5_??_2.0 times the mean critical fiber length, if the ease of the moulding process is taken into consideration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (614K) -
大口 正勝, 井桁 規矩二, 安村 友秀1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T28-T36
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーTwo-step grafting onto commercial poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics was carried out with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The 1st step was the pretreatment of PET with the emulsion of BPO, and the 2nd step was the grafting of pretreated PET in the aqueous solution or the emulsion of vinyl monomers.
In the pretreatment, it was considered that the diffusion of BPO into PET and the decomposition of BPO during the pretreatment had opposite effect on generating the active species for grafting. From this point of view, the effect of conditions of pretreatment on grafting of acrylic acid onto PET was discussed. When PET was pretreated for 30min. at 80-85°C, the highest grafting per cent was obtained.
The organic solvents used in the pretreatment also had an effect on grafting and higher grafting per cent was obtained by using solvents of which solubility parameters were 9.0-10.5.
In view of the stability of the active species for grafting, it was supposed that the active species were not radicals but BPO or hydroperoxides.
In the grafting, maximum grafting per cent was obtained by the reaction at 100-110°C for 1hr. From the results of grafting of various monomers, it was found that vinyl monomers having lower propagation constants and higher affinity for PET had a tendency to give higher grafting per cent.
When the mixture of two hydrophilic vinyl monomers were used for grafting, grafting per cent varied with mixing ratio of these monomers; e. g., acrylic acid (AA)/methacrylic acid (MAA), had a maximum grafting in the ratio 4/6-5/5 (mol./mol.). This phenomenon might be explained by a mutually aiding effect of each monomer in grafting.
There was little difference among the hygroscopic properties of AA, MAA and AA/MAA grafted PET's. Na-salt form of 15% AA/MAA grafted PET showed the same level of moisture regain as cotton.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1317K) -
岡村 政明, 丹羽 祐二, 近田 冨士雄, 黒崎 新也1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T37-T42
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーUngripped fibre separation in sliver tensile deformation is investigated in order to get some basic information about the behavior of floating fibres in roller drafting.
The separation behavior is determined by two frictional forces: One is generated from the fibres gripped by the fixed end and the other is by the moving end. C(x), which means the balance of the two forces, can be used as a measure for the ungripped fibre behavior. When C(x)=0, x gives the separation point.
Separation point is influenced by the ratio of the numbers of fibres gripped by fixed end and moving end. With the increase in this ratio, the separation point shifts to the moving end. The separation point is also much influenced by the sliver density, which is a very important factor in the roller drafting. The estimated values of separation points show close agreement with experimental ones for examined slivers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
高沢 弘明, 高岸 徹, 片山 明, 黒木 宣彦1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T43-T47
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe equilibrium sorption (C∞) and the rate of dyeing at the initial stage were measured for three acid dyes-nylon 66 pretreated with n-butanol/water.
From these values the relationship between the pretreating condition and the dyeing behavior was discussed.
1) C∞ values for DYE 1, 2 and 3 decreased with an increase in butanol concentration of butanol/water. A striking decrease was found for the nylon fiber pretreated with 100% butanol solution.
Amino end group contents in nylon fibers pretreated with butanol/water coincided with C∞ values.
2) There was a significant difference in the initial rates of dyeing between disperse dyes and acid dyes on nylon 66. That of disperse dyes increased in the following order: untreated fiber<fiber pretreated with water<fiber pretreated with butanol/water. While in case of acid dyes the order was as follow; untreated fiber<fiber pretreated with butanol/water<fiber pretreated with water. It was inferred that initial dyeing rates have no connection with the disorder of crystalline structure.
3) Pretreatment with butanol or butanol/water may disturb the crystalline structure of hydrophobic portion but not hydrophilic portion (the surroundings of amino group) of the nylon fiber.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (393K) -
加藤 弘1979 年 35 巻 1 号 p. T48-T52
発行日: 1979/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAdsorption isotherms of eight acid dyes by silk were obtained under pH 3.5. It was found that the isotherms are well reproduced as superpositions of a Langmuir type and a partition isotherm;
where (D)φ and (D)σ are the concentrations of dye in silk and in the dye bath, respectively, (S)φ is the saturation value for the Langmuir type adsorption and k and K are the affinity constants.
The reduction of the tensile strength and the elongation was found for the silk dyed with C. I. Acid Red 88 to the highest dye adsorption and was unchanged after discharging. Structural modification of silk fiber may be caused by the dyeing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K)
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