巻号一覧
21 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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第5報 流体潤滑となるような条件について久世 栄一, 古島 昭雄1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 57-63
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーOn the lubrication of fibre or yarn with liquid lubricant, the frictional force as a function of the sliding speed and the lubricant viscosity has been studied.
1) When a fibre or yarn slides around a cylinder under hydrodynamic lubrication, the relation between the tensions and the sliding speed may be expressed thus: where T: final tension of the fibre or yarn sliding around a cylinder, T0: initial tension of the fibre or yarn, N: constant (frictional index), k: constant, U: sliding speed of the fibre or yarn against the cylinder. On the above equation, log (T1-N-T01-N) has the gradient (1-N) with respect to log U. Applying this character, it is able to test either the lubrication is hydrodynamic or not.
2) When the sliding speed and the lubricant visocsity are extremely lower or higher, the lubrication is not hydrodynamic.
3) A model for the lubrication of fibre or yarn with liquid lubricant was made.
4) Applying the experimental result of the lubrication for crossing metallic cylinders, the thickness of the lubricant film between the asperity of fibre and a sliding body was estimated. From this thickness it has been found that the hydrodynamic lubrication may exist in popular processing of fibre.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
第6報 潤滑中における油剤の粘度変化久世 栄一, 古島 昭雄1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 63-66
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe instant changes of the viscosity of the lubricant among the asperities have been studied.
1) When the change of viscosity of lubricant by increasing temperature is considered, the following formula is derived: where fi: frictional force acting on the unit length of fibre or yarn η0: apparent viscosity of lubricant U: sliding speed Ri: load acting on the unit length of fibre or yarn k1, k2, B: constants N: constant (frictional index) K: constant concerning the elastic property of asperity L: size of the unit asperity m: constant concerning η=η0e-mt (relation between viscosity and temperature) δ: density of lubricant c: specific heat of lubricant
On the tension of fibre or yarn sliding around a cylinder, the following formula is derived from the above formula: where T: final tension of fibre or yarn T0: initial tension of fibre or yarn bl, b2: constants
As the above result is quite consistent with the experimental result, the decreasing viscosity of lubricant by increasing temperature has an influence on the frictional force.
2) When the change of viscosity of lubricant by increasing pressure is considered, the following formula is derived: where k3: constant k: constant concerning μ=μ0ekp (relation between viscosity and pressure)
On the tension of fibre or yarn sliding around a cylinder, the following formula is derived from the above formula: where al, a2: constants
Comparing the a_??_ove result with the experimental result, it seems that the effect of increased pressure on the frictional force is negligible.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
第7報 流体潤滑の場合と非流体潤滑の場合の比較久世 栄一, 古島 昭雄1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 67-71
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーOn the non-hydrodynamic lubrication of fibres and yarns lubricated by liquid lubricant, the following behaviours have been observed:
1) The viscosity of the lubricant deposited at the outside of the asperity deformed by load has not influence on friction, except in the case of very light loading like a monofilament sliding on the smooth body.
2) The asperity of fibre may be softened by adding a lubricant. Therefore, the frictional force may increase by increasing amount of the lubricant added.
On the friction of fibres and yarns lubricated by solid lubricant, the following behaviours have been noted:
a) The frictional behaviour to variable sliding speed may be qualitatively similar to the lubrication by liquid lubricant.
b) The asperity of fibre may hardly be softened by adding a solid lubricant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
第3報 振動法による綿集合体の低圧部における週期的変形の解析前島 良一, 木下 茂武1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 72-76
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCompress-release behaviour of cotton assemblies over lower pressure range 0 to 3.5gr/cm2 was investigated by means of the oscillating method of pendulum type under the frequency of 0.6 to 1 cps. (see Fig. 1). Specimens are cut into square with a side of 5cm length from carded cotton lap, then they are immersed in ligroin solution of paraffin and dried. Each of them wighed 3.0g before oil treatment. The amount of paraffin added to specimens are four kinds of 0, 0.4, 1.7 and 2.3gr.
Observed values of displacement x on the surface of the specimen against time are represented by the damping oscillation curve with a constant reduction factor k (mm/cycle). (see Fig. 2).
(1) The displacement x is represented by the relation; where A0 is x at time t=0, coefficient α a constant determined by k, and T the period of oscillation.
(2) On the other hand the equation of motion containing unkown function f (t), which is the difference between the force fl(t) acting on the surface of right-hand side specimen and f2 (t) of left hand-side specimen, is obtained as follow; where I: moment of inertia of oscillational parts of the equipment, θ: angles between the horizontal level and the arm, Q: constant determined only by the equipment, g: gravitational constant, R: length of the arm (see Fig. 1).
(3) From eqs. (1) and (2), f (t) is given by; The first term on the right handside of the above equation represents conservative force and the second term is non-conservative force, where; T0: period of free oscillation.
(4) By integrating f (t) under assumption that the surface of the specimen regains initial position after one cycle, energy loss factor l is derived, that is: where Δ=K/A.
(5) Experimentally estimated values of l for cotton assemblies are increased by addition of paraffin, and the 0.4gr paraffin specimen has the maximum value of l.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (297K) -
木下 茂武, 前島 良一, 藤生 聖, 鈴木 俊彦, 茂木 秀信1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 77-83
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal shrinkage of drawn PVC filaments has been studied in the range of 20°C to 150°C. The effects of plasticizer (DOP) on the dimensional change of those filaments have been investigated as second order transion phenomena.
In reversible process, as typical runs are shown in Fig. 11, the slopes of length-temperature curves vary considerably at a constant temperature Tg. The first portion up to Tg shows the characteristic of simple thermal expansion, the second portion above Tg shows that of rubber-like state in which segmental motion may occur. The transition temperature is dependent on the content of plasticizer, and Boyer-Spencer's plot, as shown in Fig. 15, permits an evaluation of relative activation energy. Also the linear expansion coefficient defined as the gradient of slope, depends upon the content of plasticizer Fig. 13, suggests that the additiones of small amounts (5phr.) of plasticizer contribute to increase the cohesive force between PVC segments, and otherwise at higher amounts (50phr.) plasticizer itself behaves as a diluent.
In irreversible process, the shrinkage at selected temperature are shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 9. The amounts of contraction due to the the thermal relaxation of segmental motoion depend upon plasticizer content and draw ratio of filaments. Considering the temperature dependence of Young's modulus, the observed stress-temperature curves are estimated from the load-elongation curves and thermal shrinkage curves, as shown in Fig. 16.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (511K) -
木下 茂武, 前島 良一, 大村 菊雄1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 84-90
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMicroscopic observation and measurement of stress-strain relation are done under several temperaturec for polypropylene films classified by size of spherulites with which the films are consisted. The results are as follows:
(1) Breaking sections of films of large spherulite and moderate spherulite are the boundary between spheruites at 20°C, while films of small ones have no boundary such as large and moderate ones have.
(2) Their values of elastic moduli are lowered as temperature increases.
(3) Films of large and moderate spherulites show step-wise reduction of stress against strain after passed the point of maximum stress (yield stress) above 60°C while films of small ones show almost constant stress against strain after passed the point of maximum stress. The step-wise reduction of stress may correspond with such mechanisms of elongation observed by the microscope as making holes in the partially elongated areas of film.
(4) The film of small spherulites has the greatest values of yield stress and strain at the selected temperatures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4986K) -
第1報 毛管作用的浸透挙動に基く考察(I)佐貫 治夫, 久利 宏二, 太田 和子1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 91-97
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーWhen a fiber mass is treated in practical wet process, the treating mechanism and efficiency are greatly affected by the wetting behaviour of the fiber mass. And the wetting properties of textile fabrics have a great deal to do with the adaptability for clothing when consumers wear them. It is presumed that the wetting behavior of a fiber mass differs exceedingly with a kind of fiber. To analyze the fundamental wetting behavior of a fiber mass, it is important to compare and study the relation between the degree of permeation and the kinds of fiber. In this study, the measurements were made to see how far the osmosis of liquid into fiber masses differs depending on the kinds of the fiber and by various types of wetting. The artificial masses of approximately same constructive density were made by various kinds of loose fiber and were used.
The time dependence of upward penetration of distilled water into the fiber masses was measured. Required quantities of random masses of fibers were packed into an acrylan tube (inner diameter 0.9cm, height 14cm) which was hung on the arm of strain-gauge. The lower end of the tube was steeped into distilled water to the depth of 1mm and the change in weight of the tube was observed. Thus, the relationship between the quantity of water penetrated by capillarity and the elapsed time (min) was obtained on various types of fiber and on different degrees of porosities (degrees of opening). The volume of penetrated distilled water varies greatly with the kind of fiber in the case of the same degree of porosity. The masses of acrylics and Vinylon were penetrated fairly well. The volume of distilled water penetrated into the masses of polyester, polypropylene and scoured wool was very small. In the case of the fibers which were penetrated enough, the penetration of distilled water by capillarity had a maximum volume when the degree of porosity of fiber mass was between a range of 75 to 85%. These results may be due to the optimum structure of these masses for the capillary-type penetration of water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (571K) -
加藤 政雄, 村瀬 良一1965 年 21 巻 2 号 p. 98-105
発行日: 1965/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーSkin saponification of cellulose di-and tri-acetate fibers with alkali at relatively high temperature was examined and the adaptabilities of the saponified fibers for modification were estimated.
I. By the treatment with 0.1_??_0.5M NaOH solution at 90°C, the triacetate was found to besaponified annulary from the outside of the fiber inward with slow velocity. In case of the diacetate, similar behavior was not observed because saponification proceeded very quickly. When the diacatate was treated with a weak base such as Na2CO3 (0.025_??_0.5M) at 90°C, the annular saponification was observed only at low concentration for short treating time.
From these results, it is apparent that the diacetate is more susceptible to alkali than the triacetate; this may be mostly due to the interaction between alkali and cellulose hydroxyl groups left in the diacetate and not due to the difference in fine structure of fibers.
It was found that the rate of saponification of the diacetate is delayed by the addition of a neutral salt such as NaCl into Na2CO3 solution. The retardation effect becomes more remarkable with the increase of NaCl. For example, the treatment with Na2CO3 (0.025_??_0.5M) solution which contains 20% NaCl at 95°C for 10_??_60min. showed that perfect annular saponification takes place in all cases. The saponified layer becomes thicker with the increase of treating time and the concentration of Na2CO3. This saponification behavior is mainly from the anti-swelling effect of NaCl on the fibers.
2. Suitable skin saponification condition is as follows: for the triacetate, 0.05_??_0.1M NaOH solution at 85_??_95°C, saponify as not to let the acetic acid content drop below 58%; for the diacetate, Na2CO3-NaCl mix solution (0.03-0.07M Na2CO3 and 15_??_20% NaCl) at 85_??_95°C, saponify as not to let the acetic acid content drop below 50%.
When the saponification is carried out under these conditions, uniform skin saponification will beobtained not only for yarns but also for fabrics. Strength loss due to the saponification was small and the luster of the fiber is almost the same as the original one. It is also free from static electrification. Crease recovery was improved by the treatment of the saponified fabric with dimethylolethyleneurea. Durable water repellency, remarkably high tear strength and improvement of crease recovery were obtained by the treatment with a reactive softening agent such as octadecylethleneurea.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2371K)
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