繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
38 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 若山 一夫, 佐々木 正剛, 津田 年勝
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T407-T412
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Single fibers uniformly electrified were grounded to release the electric charge through the both ends of each sample. Decay of the electrification of the fibers, then, was observed by detecting photo-electrically the amplitude of fibers which were transversely vibrating in resonance with the alternating electrostatic force.
    On the assumption that these fibers can be regarded as cylindrical conductors, it is then possible to calculate expressions of the distribution of electric potential V(x, t) and the total charge Q(t) of the conductors in process of the decay of charge.
    where cs is the surface electric capacity per unit axial length, rs the surface electric resistance per unit length, V0 the initial electric potential and l the length of the conductors electrified.
    The expression Q(t) means that the logarithmic decay of the total charge is linear with time holding the inclination (π/l)2/cs rs after a while since the decay has started. It, therefore, was checked with the solution displayed by the analog-computor and compared with the electrical detection of the amplitude of vibrating fibers.
    The time constant cs rs estimated from this experimental method has clear physical meanings in contrast to the CR which is conventionally used as the lumped constant of fibers and fiber assemblies.
  • 野飼 享
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T413-T419
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper describes the model analysis to calculate the effective thermal conductivity parallel to fiber axes of unidirectionally oriented fiber assembly. This analysis takes account of not only the heat conduction but also the heat radiation as the same way in the previous paper. The property of this heat transfer is discussed and compared with the result perpendicular to fiber axes obtained in previous paper2).
    The conclusions are as follows.
    (1) From this analysis, the conductive and the radiative (between the two plates) components of the effective thermal conductivity parallel to fiber axes tend to the same behavior as that perpendicular to fiber axes obtained in the previous paper. However, the radiative component between fiber and plate is different from that perpendicular to fiber axes and holds approximately constant regardless of the change of the volumetric ratio.
    (2) The effective thermal conductivity consisting of those three components has the minimum value when the volumetric ratio is about 0.005 less than that perpendicular to fiber axes. Furthermore, the value of the effective thermal conductivity parallel to fiber axes is larger than that perpendicular to fiber axes, and this difference is due to the difference of the radiative heat transfer between fiber and plate.
  • 新井 幸三
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T420-T426
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    羊毛繊維へのメタクリル酸メチルのグラフト共重合は臭化リチウム-過硫酸カリ系を用いて行なった。羊毛繊維中のグラフトポリマーの沈着位置は透過電子顕微鏡法によって決定された。ポリマー沈着量は次の順序で減少することが見い出された:エンドキュチクル〓細胞核残遺物〓マクロフィブリル間物質⟩皮質細胞中の細胞膜>オルソコルテックス>パラコルテックス>エキソキュチクル>α-層の順である。この順序は硫黄含量の順序と逆である。ポリマー沈着量に基づいて,細胞成分のかたさが議論された。これに関連して,エンドキュチクルのかたさは表皮細胞間の細胞膜錯合体中のδ-層や細胞核残遺物あるいはマクロフィブリル間物質のような細胞質成分のかたさとほとんど同じであることが見い出された。これらの事実に基づいて,繊維を構成する成分が羊毛の力学的性質にどう関わっているかについても若干考察した。
  • 岩垂 芳男
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T427-T433
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ζ-potentials and dyeing properties of formalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber (I) and its acid-treated product (II) in aqueous solutions of a direct dye, Benzopurpurine 4B, have been studied. The ζ-potentials of the fibers were measured by the streaming-potential method. The surface dye adsorption (Ms) of the fibers was calculated from the ζ-potentials obtained and the total dye adsorption (Mt) was determined by the colorimetric method.
    The negative ζ-potentials and Ms for I and II increased with an increase in the degree of formalization of the fibers. On the other hand, Mt, the surface area (Sa) covered by dye molecules, and the degree of swelling of these fibers decreased with increasing degree of formalization. The negative ζ-potentials and Ms for I were fairly larger than those for II. However, Mt, Sa, and the degree of swelling for the former were considerably smaller than those for the latter.
    It is apparent that the surface dyeing behavior of I and II with the direct dye is remarkably different from the total dyeing behavior of these fibers.
  • 大村 寧
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T434-T437
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    特殊発泡法すなわちクロ一ズド・モールド法(周囲が閉鎖された容器の中で発泡させ,強制的に発泡量を抑え込む方法)を試み,詰め込み倍率λとフォームの密度ρ′の関係を知ろうとした。この方法による場合, λの増大にともなって,得られるフォームのρ′は直線的に大きくなるが,連通気泡をもつフォームのρ′の最大限はρ′〓0.050である。これは,オープン・モールド法で水の量のみの調整によってつくられる高密度フォームの限界(ρmax=0.041)よりもかなり大きい。このクローズド・モールド法でつくられるフォームは,小セルから成るフォームをマトリックスとした中に薄膜で周囲を包まれた大気泡を有する2重構造をもつ。この点,オープン・モールド法でつくられるような,一様なセル構造体であるスラブ・フォームとは異なる。
  • 頼 〓平, 畝迫 宗能, 久世 栄一
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T438-T445
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In scanning the surface of fabrics with a light spot, we can get the power of the reflection or transparency that periodically changes according to disposition, diameter or bend of the threads. Then, on application of a digital computer, a digital pattern of fabric is represented by a twodimentional array of points showing the reflection and transparency distributions of fabrics by a suitable scanning light spot.
    On detecting the defects by the reflection or transparency from fabrics, it is necessary to design the size and shape of the scanning light spot at the fabrics in consideration of the some kinds of defects and the inherent noises being due to the normal fabric structures, also the frequency band determined by the resolving power and the scanning speed that are suitable to the electric amplifier system.
    In general, the spaces between the threads in fabrics are much smaller than the thread diameters. When width of the scanning light spot is smaller than the thread diameter, we can detect the characters of the thread and thread interval in every each warp direction. When length of the scanning light spot is a little larger than the thread diameter, average characters of a few threads will be detected, eliminating the noises caused by the twists and fluffes of the threads. In our experiments, the width of the scanning light spot was set 0.2mm and length 5mm in consideration of practrical usefulness.
    Moreover, the frequency band f needed to design of the electro-optical amplifier is given by f=V/2b where V is scanning speed of the light spot, 240×103mm/sec, and b is resolving power, 0.2mm.
    Confirmation of the size and shape of the light spot, transient properties and frequency responses of the signal transduser was discussed with the some experimental equipments.
  • 宮坂 啓象, 橋本 壽正
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. T446-T449
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    製造条件の異なる5種のPET繊維のTLを測定した結果,低温のβ分散に関係するTLには余り大きな差異はみられなかったが,約100°C以上の高温TLには大きな差が現われることがわかった。紡速1000m/min程度の未延伸糸, 3000m/min程度のPOYの未延伸糸は基本的には三つの極大をもつ同形の高温TLカーブを示す。しかし170°Cのピークは後者が明瞭になる。6000m/minの高速紡糸糸では, TLは全体として高温に移るとともに1100m, 3400m/minにみられたピークの構造が失なわれ単一のピークになる。後延伸による延伸糸のTLは非常に平坦であったが,幾分構造が残され幾つかの極大がみられる。タイヤコード糸は高温のTLの強度が強く,また形は6000m/minの高速紡糸糸のそれに類似である。以上の結果, TLは(特に高温のTLは)PET繊維の特性化に有用であることが示された。
  • 吉武 敏彦
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. P459-P465
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 橋本 寿正, 酒井 哲也
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. P466-P470
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山村 敏夫
    1982 年 38 巻 10 号 p. P471-P479
    発行日: 1982/10/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
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