巻号一覧
34 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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片山 健一1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. P63-P69
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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上出 健二, 真鍋 征一1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. P70-P79
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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片岡 紘三1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. P80-P88
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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田所 宏行1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. P89-P93
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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清水 二郎, 奥居 徳昌, 鞠谷 雄士, 鳥海 浩一郎1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T93-T98
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPET filaments have been produced by the high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity, 1, 000-8, 000m/min for the three different molecular weight PET (_??_η=18, 400, 20, 500, 29, 800).
The physical and mechanical properties of these filaments were studied as a function of molecular weight. The following results were obtained.
(1) Until the take-up velocity reaches 4, 000-5, 000m/min, the fiber structure formation by oriented crystallization develops at lower take-up velocity for the higher molecular weight sample. It is suggested that the elongational viscosity varied by the molecular weight affects the crystallization of PET under the orientation in the high speed melt spinning.
(2) The degree of molecular orientation and the degree of crystallization show levelling off after the spinning velocity reaches 4, 000-5, 000m/min. The values of these levels are lower for the higher molecular weight sample, indicating that the increase in the molecular weight does not lead to the development of the fiber structure in the melt spinning. Decreased molecular motion of the higher molecular weight PET may give rise to this fact.
(3) For the fibers spun at the take up velocity near the critical spinnability, the decrease in the densities, the reduction of the birefringences, the development of crimps and the appearance of a shoulder melting peak in the DSC thermograms, were found. These may be due to the sliding or the scission of the chain molecules or to the increase in the void content. Further investigations are aimed at these problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (812K) -
萩原 應至, 宮坂 啓象, 石川 欣造1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T99-T105
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMechanical stress relaxation was measured for raw and degummed silk in relation to the effects of sorbed water. The relation modulus of sericin was derived therefrom by assuming the additivity, where E(t)r•s, E(t)f and E(t)s are relaxation modulus of raw silk, degummed silk and sericin component, respectively. Vsis the volume fraction of sericin.
Time-humidity superposition was successfully applied to the stress-relaxation curves for raw silk, degummed silk and sericin. The obtained composite curve for sericin was similar to that for raw silk. Relaxation spectra were determined from these composite curves by means of the usual first approximation method. Both of the relaxation spectra for raw silk and sericin exhibited rather broad humps, while for degummed silk, a spectrum with a distinct maximum at ca. 105.3 second was observed.
The relation between the shift factor ac and water content was represented by Fujita-Kishimoto's equation. It was found that the increase of free volume is largely affected by the content of dissolved water, C2, which contributes fractionally to the total sorbed water. However, in case of degummed silk, the content of water of Langmuir type sorption, C1, could not be neglected in this respect. The value of the parameter, β, in the Fujita-Kishimoto's equation increased to another value over 55% R. H. for raw silk and sericin, whereas degummed silk gave three values for 0-55, 55-85 and 85-% R. H. regions. The equation was not applicable for raw silk and sericin, when R. H. was higher than 85%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
松本 喜代一, 横田 泰男1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T106-T112
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe relationship between the change in molecular orientation and the sonic modulus of polyvinylchioride films prepared by the various types of stretching was investigated. The specimens were prepared by stretching T-die extruded films to various ratios by different methods at 95°C and at a rate of 400%/min in a circulating hot air bath. The methods were uniaxial with the free and/or constant width, two-way successively biaxial and simultaneously biaxial stretching. The sonic moduli of the stretched films were measured by 10 KHz sonic pulse using a Dynamic Modulus Tester PPM-5R.
The following results were obtained:
(1) The films stretched by different methods show a change in characteristic sonic modulus due to the molecular orientation.
(2) For the simultaneously biaxially stretched films, the balanced moduli, which are isotropic in the film plane, are independent of the stretch ratio.
(3) The calculated apparent intrinsic lateral sonic moduli and apparent intrinsic longitudinal sonic moduli of the differently stretched films suggest the variation of the molecular orientation. The calculated values seem reasonable as compared with other data.
(4) The sonic moduli has simple relations to the tensile moduli and the dynamic moduli, which were measured previously by other methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (491K) -
片岡 和正, 酒井 哲也, 砺波 宏明1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T113-T120
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the reverse osmosis, two types of flow through cellulose acetate membrane exist: one is the diffusion type flow of water driven by the effective pressure difference (ΔP-Δπ), where ΔP is the hydraulic pressure difference and Δπ is the osmotic pressure difference, and another is the capillary type flow driven by the hydraulic pressure difference.
In this paper, a closer investigation on the capillary type flow has been made, while a few investigators discussed on that flow.
Permeation of aqueous sodium chloride solution through two kinds of cellulose acetate membrane has been studied changing the applied pressure and the concentration of the feed solution widely.
Results are as follows.
Following empirical equations for volume flux Jv and solute molar flux Js which are applicable in the experimental ranges of pressure and salt concentration are obtained:
Jv=Aoexp(-απf) (ΔP-Δπ)+Boexp(-bπf)ΔP
Js=ks+CfθBoexp(-bπf )ΔP
Where Ao•exp(-a πf) is the permeability of water by the diffusion type flow, Bo•exp(-bπf) is the permeability by the capillary type flow, πf is the osmotic pressure of the feed solution, Cf is the concentration of the feed solution, ks, is the solute molar flux of diffusion type flow and θ corresponds to the selectivity of the capillary type flow.
Using these equations, solute rejection at ΔP is expressed as follows: Where σv is the reflection coefficient obtained from the relation between ΔP and Δπ at Jv=O.
Above equation shows that Rej increases with applied pressure to an ultimate value, designated as σr.
The relation between σr and σv is
σr=1-(1-σv)θ
When capillary flow has no selectivity, i.e. θ=1, σr=σv
In our experiments, θ is lower than unity, so that σr, becomes greater than σv.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (502K) -
河合 厚, 小林 正1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T120-T128
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーAs a first step of explicating the spinning mechanism of viscose rayon, dehydration index of aqueous inorganic electrolyte solutions was studied. Sonic velocity in the solutions was measured by a ultrasonic interferometer and the amount of hydration was calculated according to Wada and coworkers. As a criterion of dehydration ability of electrolyte solutions, following formula was proposed.
where s: dehydration index of electrolyte solution (%),
v2: amount of hydration (cc/g solute),
d0: density of solvent (g/cm3), and
m: concentration of electrolyte solution (%).
The values of s thus obtained were compared with the experimental results of coagulation of polyvinyl alcohol and methyl cellulose solutions. As for sulphates such as Na2SO4, Li2SO4, MgSO4, ZnSO4, CuSO4 and Al2 (SO4)3 and nitrates such as KNO3 and NH4NO3, it was found that the coagulation index obtained by dehydration index was nearly equal to the coagulation index obtained by coagulation experiments. Consequently s was considered to be adequate to use as a criterion of dehydrating power of electrolyte solutions. Using the dehydration index, coagulation of aqueous Na-cellulose xanthate solution by inorganic salts was investigated. By comparing the dehydration index of inorganic electrolyte solutions with the results of coagulation experiment of polyelectrolyte solution, following conclusions were obtained.
The coagulation of aqueous Na-cellulose xanthate solution by inorganic salts is understood by three mechanisms.
a) Dehydration is dominant.
(salts of Na+, Li+ and Mg++)
b) The interaction between the polyelectrolyte and inorganic ions is dominant.
(salts of Zn++, Cu++)
c) Intermediate between a) and b)
(salts of K+ and NH+4)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (653K) -
Hisao Ichijo, Atsuo Shibuya, Noboru Aisaka, Shigeo Ogawa1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T129-T135
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to predict the variation of COD in waste water from a continuous desizing process in real dyeing industries, a simulation model is proposed. It is based on a principle of mass transfer through a very thin stagnant film. An experiment was conducted by using a small tank and mass transfer coefficients included in basic expressions were determined. The calculated values by using the simulation model agree closely with the observed values in a real process. Moreover, in this simulation model removal rate and COD in 1st and 2nd units are especially high, which is in agreement with the fact that attempts to recover PVA sizing agent from wash water in 1st and 2nd units are actualiy being made. These results suggest the validity of this simulation model. The simulation indicates that the temperature of wash water and the velocity of fabric have a great influence on desizing but an influence of the quantity of wash water on it is not so great. It is found that an adoption of counterflow method can save considerable amount of wash water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (399K) -
増子 徹, 本間 善夫, 唐沢 幹雄1978 年 34 巻 3 号 p. T136-T143
発行日: 1978/03/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of three disperse dyes, p-nitro-aniline, p-amino-azobenzene, and C. I. Disperse Yellow 7, in polyvinylacetate has been investigated by means of a sublimative desorption method over the temperature range 60 to 150°C. Films used for desorption experiments were prepared by mixing the dyes and the polymer using a hot roll heated at 135°C. When the glass transition temperature of this polymer was taken as a reference temperature, the change in the diffusion coefficients with temperature could be expressed by the WLF relation having the constant Cgd2 which was quite close to the universal value of Cg2 (=51.6) in the free volume theory of viscosity. On the other hand, the diffusion parameter Bd obtained from the constant Cgd1 varied from 0.74 to 0.94, and was related linearly to the logarithmic rotational volumes of these dye molecules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (558K)
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