繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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67 巻, 4 号
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  • Activated Carbon Water Purification Filter Prepared by Wet Molding with a DualPolyelectrolyte Retention System
    Hirotaka Koga, Takuya Kitaoka
    2011 年 67 巻 4 号 p. 81-85
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/05/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.81
    ジャーナル フリー
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    amboo-based activated carbon fibers were fabricated into paper- and cylinder-shaped composites using a simple wet molding technique combined with a dual polymer retention (DPR) system. The as-prepared activated carbon cylinders possessed high practical utility and were assessed for water purification purposes. They achieved the effective removal of colloidal organic contaminants in model tap water. In addition, calcium sulfite powder and carboxymethyl cellulose fiber were successfully embedded into the activated carbon cylinder. The resulting composite accomplished the efficient removal of residual hypochlorite compounds and lead ions. The simple wet-molding method combined with the DPR system is well suited to mass production, and the activated carbon cylinder is a promising material for future water purification systems.
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  • Fabrication of Cellulose Nanofibers from Parenchyma Cells of Pears and Apples
    Shinsuke Ifuku, Masatoshi Adachi, Minoru Morimoto, Hiroyuki Saimoto
    2011 年 67 巻 4 号 p. 86-90
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/05/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.86
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Cellulose nanofibers were isolated from parenchyma cells of pears and apples by one-time fibrillation using a grinding apparatus after the removal of matrix substances. The fibrillated cellulose samples were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and were found to have a fine nano-structure. That is, the structure was uniform with an average width of approximately 18 nm and a high aspect ratio. These appearances were similar to those for nanofibers from wood. The fabricated nanofibers were characterized by FT-IR spectra and X-ray diffraction profiles, which showed that cellulose nanofibers were extracted, and the cellulose I crystal structure was maintained after a series of chemical treatments and grinding processing.
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  • Favorable 3D-network Formation of Chitin Nanofibers Dispersed in Water Prepared Using Aqueous Counter Collision
    Ryota Kose , Tetsuo Kondo
    2011 年 67 巻 4 号 p. 91-95
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/05/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.91
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In this study, chitin nanofibers were at first successfully prepared using aqueous counter collision (= ACC) method. Dispersion states of the chitin nanofibers in water were compared with aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanofibers in dynamic viscoelastic properties. Morphology of the chitin nanofibers was observed by transmission electron microscopy and polarizing light microscopy. As a result, the ACC treatment provided aqueous dispersion of chitin nanofibers having width of 10-20 nm, and repetition of the treatment allowed a homogeneous aqueous dispersion of the similar sized nanofibers, instead of further pulverization, from the intermediately treated mixture containing different scaled chitin fibers co-existed. The homogeneous dispersion containing chitin nanofibers exhibited much higher dynamic storage and loss moduli when compared with an aqueous cellulose nanofiber system. The dynamic storage modulus of the chitin dispersion tended to increase with increase in the amount of such homogeneous nanofibers, differing from the case of nano-size effects found in the cellulose system that was oppositely decreased. This indicated that the chitin nanofibers dispersed in water were likely to engage a more favorable network.
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技術報文
  • 双糸の摩擦特性の周期的変化が横編平編地の表面欠点に与える影響
    古金谷 圭三, 藤垣 元治, 森本 吉春
    2011 年 67 巻 4 号 p. 96-101
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/05/28
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.67.96
    ジャーナル フリー
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    It is well known that the faults such as thin-thick, neps and unevenness in the staple yarn make bad the quality of the fabric that is knitted from the yarn. There is a double ply yarn that have neither thin-thick nor neps and no specific cycle in yarn evenness that cause problem in the plain stitch fabric made from flat knitting machine. For comparison, the yarn which has almost same properties on evenness test as the former yarn and makes no problem fabric is selected. In the case of former yarn, the range of the tension which passes through needles on friction test is wider than that of latter yarn and the tension has a certain cyclic variation. The yarn which has certain cyclic tension variation at passing through the needles is made experimentally and is knitted. These results were shown.
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