巻号一覧
17 巻, 5 号
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第11報 ロービングテスタの試作ならびに綿スフ混紡粗糸の引抜摩擦力上野 清一郎, 桑原 勝吉1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 383-389
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMany experiments have already been made on the strength of the blended yarns of cotton and rayon staple fibres by us, and now the samples of twistless condition if possible, i. e. the rovings, were used to research the causes of the strength of the blended yarns by means of tracing back to its origin. Then the withdrawal force was investigated in the case when cotton and rayon staple fibres were mixed mutually and slipped as the group. Using a new roving tester the results obtained are as follows.
1) The strength-elongation curves rises about linearly till arriving at the maximum withdrawal force and the so called stick-slip phenomena are not observed.
2) Tte stick-slip phenomena make clearly their appearance in the range from the part of the curve at which the maximum withdrawal force is arrived to that at which the rovings separate perfectly as the group, and it seems that they have connection with the fibre lengths of component fibres. However, the stick-slip phenomena make no great difference to various blend percentages among the blended yarns.
3) There is no correlation followed by blend percentages between the withdrawal force of the rovings and the maximum strength of the yarns. This might be due to the difference of distributions of component fibres at sectional areas between the rovings and the yarns.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1176K) -
滝沢 章1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 390-396
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, diffusion of acetic acid, which was the fundamental phenomena in direct wet spinning of triacetate, was investigated.
Spinning dope of triacetate in direct spinning was composed of triacetate, acetic acid (as the solvent), and small quantity of impurities; the dope coagulated easily with the decrease of acetic acid concentration. In triacetate direct spinning, the relation between solvent concentration and coagulation was principal, and this solvent concentration in filaments was determined by diffusion of acetic acid to the spinning bath from the filaments.
In the present study, this diffusion phenomena of acetic acid during the spinning was studiedd quantitatively in connection with various spinning conditions. Furthermore, the effect of diffusionn phenomena on spinnability was studied, and it was recognized that these were closely related.
The diffusion constant of acetic acid in filament during the spinning was approximately 1×10-6cm2•sec-1 at 20°C, which was the order of about 1/10 of the diffusion constant in acetic acid aqueous solution. The apparent activation energy was 6.3K cal/mol.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (506K) -
滝沢 章1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 397-403
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, using acrylonitrile-vinylacetate copolymer-dimethylacetamide system, diffusion of solvent in wet spinning of acrylic fiber has been investigated quantitatively in connection with various spinning conditions. Furthermore, the effect of diffusion phenomena on spinnability and on microstructure of fiber were studied, and it was recognized these were closely related.
The diffusion constant of solvent in filament during the spinning was approximately 5×10-6 cm2•sec-1 at 40°C; the activation energy was 8.5 K cal/mol.
The above value was about twice the diffusion constant of triacetate-acetic acid system (the previous report) under the same temperature condition. Temperature rising of spinning bath made the diffusion constant higher moreover. That is, the coagulation induced by solvent diffusion from filaments was very rapid in this system, and therefore, the optimum spinning conditions were found in the direction which opposed to coagulation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1030K) -
滝沢 章1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 403-406
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, study of diffusion phen-omena in concentrated solution of high polymeric substance was undertaken. Experiments were done using polyvinyl alcohol (P. V. A.) aqueous solutions, which contained NaOH and indicator, and were formed into semi-infinite medium. As H2SO4 was diffusing into this medium, mutual diffusion of H2SO4-NaOH with a clear moving boundary was observed. Relations between the position of boundary line (ξ) and time (t) were studied. The relations ofξ_??_√t were straight. From these results the diffusion constant in the polymer solution was calculated.
The mutual diffusion constant was decreased with increase of polymer content in solution, and its value was 1.07×10-5cm2•sec-1 in 17.0% PVA (DP 1150) solution, whereas in true solution, it was 1.5×10-5 Cm2•sec-1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (224K) -
Sivola蒸解法が高収率を与える理由(その1)沖 慎一, 角 祐一郎, 軒原 栄三1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 407-413
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPreviously the authors have confirmed (unpublished) that if the Sivola process is employed the yield of dissolving pulp is considerably higher than by the ordinary process in comparison of a given alpha-cellulose content of pulp. The Sivola process is characteristic in the following points: (1) Pulp is refined with the alkali in a stage of the second cooking before screenig and chlorination treatments. (2) As refining agent a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfite is used instead of sodium hydroxide in the ordinary process. (3) Pulp is refined with a alkaline solution containing sulfite spent liquor from a stage of the first cooking.
In the present paper, therefore, in order to see why the Sivola process gives a higher yield of pulp, six kinds of process shown in Fig, 1 are adopted for the preparation of dissolving pulp, and the yields and alpha-cellulose contents of resulting pulps are examined. The results are as follows:
(1) Between the two processes in which the cooked chips with a sulfite liquor are digested with an alkaline liquor before or after screening treatment, the yield of final bleached pulp is higher in the former than in the latter. This is due to the fact that considerable parts of screenings in the cooked chips can be pulped in the former process (Fig. 2).
(2) There is little difference in the yield of final bleached pulp between the two processes in which chlorination treatment is carried out before or after the alkaline cooking (Fig. 2).
(3) Even if the alkaline digestion is inserted at any stage, the alpha-cellulose contents of bleached pulps were unchanged, so far as it is carried out under the same condition (Fig. 3).
(4) From the results of (1), (2) and (3), it may be said that the yield of pulp at equal alpha-cellulose content is higher in the alkaline cooking before screening treatment than after the screening (compare curve (a) with (b) in Fig. 4).
(5) Digestion with a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfite gave a final bleached pulp, in higher yield than that with sodium hydroxide (compare curve (a) or (b) with (a′) or (b′), respectively, in Fig. 4).
(6) Relation between yields alpha-cellulose contents of bleached pulps are considered to be unchanged by total amout and mole ratio of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfite within the range of the experiment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (519K) -
第3報 繊維素に対する見かけの親和力の減少と溶解高分子に対する吸着熱須田 昌男, 代田 忠1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 414-420
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt was previously reported by us1, 2) that the effects of polymer solution in direct dyeing consisted of (1) adsorption effect by polymer, and (2) cation effect (when polymer-electrolyte).
In this paper, the decrease of dye-amount, adsorbed by cellulose is discussed from the view points of adsorptinon of dye by polymer (wheat starch) and the temperature depending on it.
The results are;
(1) An addition of starch to dyebath reduces the amount of dye adsorbed by cellulose and therefor apparent affinity of dye.
(2) It is assumed that these decrease are due to the large affinity of starch for direct dye and adsorption of dye by starch, and decrease of the effective dyebath concentration.
(3) On these assumptions, the effective dyebath concentration [D]σ′ and the difference between the apparent conc. [D]σ and [D]σ′, which corresponds to the amount of dye adsorbed by starch, are calculated. It is shown that there exists the following relation; That is to say, adsorption by starch obeys the distribution law.
(4) From the temperature dependence of distribution coefficient K, the heat of adsorption of dye for starch are calculated. The value obtained (12 kcal/mol for Direct Scarlet B and 11kcal/mol for Chrysophenine G) are somewhat smaller than the heat of dyeing for cellulose (17kcal/mol and 15kcal/mol, respectively).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (505K) -
第7報 ポリアクリロニトリル中のニトリル基の定量 第8報 各種の第1銅イオン生成法高瀬 福巳1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 421-427
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (587K) -
第7報 p-Chloromercuribenzoic acidによるSH基のポーラログラフ的測定における適応条件中村 良治, 根本 嘉郎1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 428-435
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out for the purpose of dividing SH groups detected in the wool, treated with thioglycollic acid (TGA), into two parts; combined cysteine residues and free SH groups of adsorbed TGA. The Human's polarographic method was applied in which p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (P-CMB) is used and no hydrolysis process is taken up. Some fundamental conditions were decided for detecting SH of TGA-treated wool as follows:
1) It was capable to draw a clear line between each 1st wave of P-CMB and of its mercaptide produced by mixing P-CMB with TGA at about 9 of PH value of electrolytic solution.
2) P-CMB mercaptide of cysteine is detected from the solution when cystine and P-CMB are mixed in alkaline medium. It is, therefore, desirable to treat the wool with P-CMB at as low pH value as possible and to proceed polarographic process after removing the wool and rising the pH value of the remaining solution to 9.
3) The reaction of wool with P-CMB must, however, be avoided at lower pH values than 7 as P-CMB and particulaly its mercaptide are unstable in acidic medium.
4) The absorbed P-CMB and mercaptide in wool gains in quantity with the increase of the concentration of used P-CMB. It is necessary, therefore, to repeat polarographic process again on the buffer solution of another vessel in which the wool sample is dipped after the preceeding treatment.
Thus, it may be concluded that the content of total-SH will be accounted from the decrease of 1st. wave height of P-CMB, of free SH from 1st. wave height of mercaptide and of combined SH from the difference between the former and the latter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (641K) -
第8報 ポーラログラフ法によるチオグリコール酸処理羊毛中のSH基測定中村 良治, 門屋 義彦, 根本 嘉郎1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 435-440,428
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe estimations of SH groups in TGA-treated wool were done according to the previous paper and some differences in mechanism of TGA-treatment on wool between in acidic and basic mediums are discussed:
1) The quantity of adsorbed mercaptide and P-CMB, except P-CMB consumed by reaction with combined SH in wool decreases with the rise of pH value of P-CMB solution. The same tendency is shown with regard to the ratio of adsorbed mercaptide to adsorbed P-CMB.
2) The quantity of disulphide bonds ruptured during the reaction of wool with P-CMB increased with the rise of PH value when the wool was treated with TGA, especially done on acidic side.
3) The reaction of wool with P-CMB can not be held at lower PH. This and another reason pointed at (2) make it difficult to estimate accurately the combined SH content in TGA-treated wool; the detected value of it is some what larger.
4) The quantity of adsorbed TGA is large for the wool treated with TGA singly, but is less for the one done with alkaline medium, and in the case of the latter the detected SH nearly coincides with the combined SH.
5) It is also proved polarographically that existence of other anion in TGA solution reduces the adsorption of TGA on wool, but it gives little effect in basic medium and that the decrease of SH content of TGA-treated wool by rinsing is more remarkable in acidic medium than in the basic.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (628K) -
第2報 繊維素-スチレングラフト重合体の酢化反応小林 義男, 山寺 礼三1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 441-445
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIt has been known that the graft-copolymer of cellulose with styrene is not soluble homogeneously in any solvent, because the polarity of OH groups of cellulose is counteracted by the polarity of benzene ring attached to polystyrene. Then it is difficult to estimate the true degree of grafting.
The acetylation of the graft-copolymer of cellulose with styrene was envisaged: the reaction proceeds very rapidly and the reaction products are soluble in some solvents. The degree of acetylation is determined by the weight-increase of products and the measurements of infrared spectra. It is noted also that when acetic acid is used as dilluent, the reaction proceeds heterogeneously, on the other hand, when benzene is used as a dilluent, the reaction proceeds rather homogeneously. When the reaction is carried out in higher concentration of H2SO4, the cellulose part of the graft-copolymer is destroyed by acetolysis and only the polystyrene is extracted.
The enhanced reactivity of the graft-copolymer may be attributed to the increased swelling of the polymer in the treating bath and the accelerated diffusion of the reagents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (317K) -
第1報 種々の雰囲気中で照射した場合の未延伸繊維の実用的性質,粘度平均分子量について橋本 穂, 雨宮 久雄1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 446-450
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe viscosity-average molecular weight, melting point, ratio of drawing at break, breaking strength and solubility of undrawn 6-nylon fibers irradiated in various atmospheres (760mm Hg air, 10-2mm Hg air and 760mm Hg nitrogen gas after removing air to 10-2mm Hg) have been measured, and the effects of irradiation were investigated. The viscosity-average molecular weight decreases rapidly by irradiation up to 10 Mr, but more slowly above 10 Mr. There is no linear relation between the viscosity and the irradiation dose.
Changes in the breaking strength and those of ratio of drawing at break by irradiation shows a similar tendency to the decrease of viscosity-average molecular weight.
The solubility in 80% aqueous solution of formic acid has little or no change by irrdiation up to 10 Mr and increases rapidly by irradiation from 10 to 110 Mr.
Then tho solubility would be rather affected by some atomic groups produced by irradiation than by degradation or branching of polymer molecules. In the lower range of irradiation dose, the melting point, mechanical properties and solvent resistance increases slightly by the formation of cross-linking. The foregoing practical properties and viscosity-average molecular weight aae also affected by various atmospheres at irradiation. The changes of properties by irradiation in 10-2mm Hg air and 760mm Hg nitrogen gas after removing air to 10-2mm Hg are nearly the same, but those in 760mm Hg air are greater than in 10-2mm Hg air. From the results, the facts that both the formation of cross-linking and fracture of the main chain arise by irradiation in the presence of oxygen gas (even by extremely a little amonut) are clearly proved.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
淵野 桂六, 中里 恵一1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 451-458
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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佐々木 寛治, 伴 菊夫1961 年 17 巻 5 号 p. 458-466
発行日: 1961/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (636K)
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