繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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56 巻, 3 号
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繊維と工業
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繊維技術を用いた分離技術
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  • 電子線グラフト化PET繊維へのハイドロキシアパタイト形成
    宮崎 孝司, 久田 研次, 堀 照夫, 宮下 節男, 佐治 栄治, 近藤 幸江
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 119-125
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.119
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In a previous paper it was reported that poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics could be easily grafted with vinyl monomers by means of the proposed “film sealed method”. This film sealed method was applied to undergo an effective hydroxyaptite (HAp) formation on PET fabrics; first, carboxyl or phosphoric groups were introduced onto the original PET fabrics by the film sealed electron beam graft polymerization method, and then HAp layers were easily formed on such modified PET fabrics by dipping them in an aqueous solution of CaCl2 and then in an aqueous solution of Na2HPO4, alternately. The thickness of HAp increased by repeating the dipping process. On the other hand, the formation of HAp on the untreated PET fabrics and the diol groups introduced PET fabrics was hardly undertaken. From the X-ray diffraction it was found that the formed HAp possessed the crystalline structure, in which molecules are oriented mainly to the c-axis.
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  • ポリエステル繊維のフィルムシール方式による電子線グラフト重合
    宮崎 孝司, 久田 研次, 堀 照夫, 近藤 幸江, 佐治 栄治, 木村 友紀
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 126-134
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.126
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Graft polymerization is considered to be a kind of permanent chemical modification of polymer materials such as fibers and films. In this paper an attempt has been done to modify poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics with hydrophilic vinyl monomers using the proposed “film-sealed electron beam graft polymerization method”. In general the graft polymerization on high crystalline polymer substrate such as PET can be successfully carried out after sufficient swelling with some organic solvents. To avoid the use of poisonous organic solvents, the following procedure has been proposed; first the PET fabrics dipped in the aqueous acrylic monomer solution containing lower alcohol such as methanol, which are rather poor solvent for PET and they were then interposed (sealed) between PET films in order to avoid to expose to atmoshpere. The electron beams were irradiated to the PET fabrics through the sealed films to undergo the graft-polymerization. In addition, these fabrics were heated upto 50°C to ensure the further graft reaction. By this new method PET fabrics could be easily grafted with acrylic vinyl monomer upto ca. 15wt%. The surface of the modified fabrics filaments was smooth and the filaments were not adhered to each other. By the X-ray microprobe analysis it was found that the graft polymerization occurred not only at the surface, but also inside the filaments.
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  • 液晶性芳香族共重合ポリエステル/ポリエチレンテレフタレートブレンド繊維の構造と軸圧縮による変形挙動
    高橋 利禎, 荘司 博敏, 辻 正晴, 桜井 謙資, 佐野 洋文, 肖 長発
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 135-144
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.135
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    Structure and axial compressional behavior of poly(hydroxybenzoic acid-co-2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid) [P(HBA·HNA):70%]/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET:30%) blend fiber were studied using various techniques. It has been confirmed by wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies that the stress-induced crystallization of PET occurs in the highly oriented P(HBA·HNA) matrix during the melt-spinning of the blend. Orientation behavior of PET in the blend fiber is quite different from that in the sheath (PET)-core [P(HBA·HNA)] type bicomponent fibers. DSC studies of the strongly annealed P(HBA·HNA), PET, and blend fibers showed that both the melting point of PET (Tm) and the crystal-nematic liquid crystal transition temperature of P(HBA·HNA) (TC-N) in the blends were lower than those of pure PET and P(HBA·HNA) fibers. It seems reasonable to assume that both components are partially miscible. Neither epitaxial crystallization nor transcrystallization occurred in the blend fiber, when only PET was crystallized from the melt in the blend fiber. Further, crystallization rate of PET in the blend fibers was slow compared to that of pure PET. This result suggests that the crystallization of PET in the narrow space in the blend fiber is retarded to some extent. In spite of the blend of soft PET component, the axial compressional behavior of the blend fibers is little affected.
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  • ポリアミドの塩素化反応と塩素化物の性質
    大矢 精治, 橋谷 茂雄, 椿山 教治, 松尾 斗伍郎
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 145-154
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.145
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Chlorination and dechlorination of aliphatic and aromatic polyamides such as nylon 66 and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (PMPIPA) were studied. Chemical structures and properties of the chloro-polyamides were examined by means of Cl-analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, viscometry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Chlorination reactions were carried out with tert-butylhypochlorite at 15°C for nylon 66 and at 30°C for PMPIPA in tetrachloroethane (TCE), and dechlorination reactions were performed with sodium sulfite at 10 °C in formic acid (85 wt%) for nylon 66 and in dimethyl sulfoxide/formic acid (1/1 vol) for PMPIPA. IR and NMR spectra showed that the substitution of chlorine for nylon 66 occurred mainly at the amide groups, whereas for PMPIPA it took place also at the benzene rings. Chloro-nylon 66 was soluble in chloroform and TCE, and chloro-PMPIPA became soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) without lithium chloride. Both intrinsic viscosities of chloro-nylon 66 in HCOONa (0.1 M)/HCOOH(90 wt%) and chloro-PMPIPA in LiCl(0.25g/dL)/DMF decreased remarkably with increasing chlorine content. The decrease in viscosity of chloro-nylon 66 was attributed to decrease in the degree of polymerization during the reaction, and that of chloro-PMPIPA was caused by increase in poorness of the solvent. WAXD showed that the crystalline structure of nylon 66 was changed with chlorination and it recovered with dechlorination, and that of PMPIPA disappeared with chlorination.
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  • フルオロアルキル基含有オリゴマーによるセルロースの撥水·抗菌加工
    川瀬 徳三, 丹葉 敬一, 彭 新宏, 藤井 富美子, 沢田 英夫, 池末 由香, 吉村 剛, 和田 邦身
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 155-162
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.155
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Surface modification of cellulose to give an antibacterial property as well as water- and oil-repellency was studied using fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric allylammonium hydrochloride, allylammonium hydrochloride-fluorosilane combined system, and fluorosilanes having tributylphosphonium segments. (1) In the case of modification with oligomeric allylammonium hydrochloride alone, oil-repellency increased in spite of low water-repellency. After immersion in water for 1h, modification effects were missing, which indicated the low water-durability of modification. (2) By combining allylammonium hydrochloride oligomer and fluorosilanes, modified cellulose surface exhibited high water- and oil-repellency. Modification effects were maintained even after immersion in water for 24h. Based on the ESCA analysis, it is suggested that allylammonium hydrochloride oligomer would be kept in the siloxane network on the cellulose surface. (3) Modification with fluorosilanes having tributylphosphonium segments could also change cellulose surface to highly water- and oil-repellent. Modified surface showed good microbiostasis activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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  • Evaluation of the Deterioration in Mink Hair under Xenon Arc Irradiation by Mechanical Measurement and Morphological Observation
    Mariko Terashima, Keiji Yoshimura, Tetsuo Imai, Daiki Hozan, Kunio Shi ...
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 163-168
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.163
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    To evaluate the light deterioration in sapphire mink guard hair, the irradiated hair was examined by the mechanical measurement and surface observation. A deterioration of hair by irradiation indicating the mobility increase can be detected as an increase in tan δ in a temperature region from 150°C to 220°C by the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. The observation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that light deterioration in mink hair can be evaluated as adhesion of particles, melted scale structure of tip portion, cracks running in the axial direction by inflection, or transverse cracks at tensile break.
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  • Synthesis of Optically Active Polyarylates Having Axially Chiral Binaphthylene Unit
    Hiroshi Kimura, Daishin Takahashi, Tetsuya Yamaguchi, Makoto Takeishi
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 169-174
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.169
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    Novel optically active polyarylates having axially chiral 6, 6’-binaphthylene units in the main chain have been synthesized by the reaction of (R)- or (S)-2, 2’-bisalkoxy-6, 6’-dibromo-1, 1’-binaphthyl (1a, 1b) and aromatic diols with carbon monoxide in the presence of palladium catalyst. The resulting polyarylates had molecular weights up to 20000 and were soluble in a variety of organic solvents including N, N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, m-cresol, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of these polyarylates showed large Cotton effects compared with those of the model compounds and were the complete mirror images of each enantiomer, suggesting the existence of an ordered conformation. The most stable structure of the optically active polyarylates indicated helical conformation by MM2 force field calculation. No change in the specific rotation of the optically active polyarylates was observed on heating at 100°C for 5h, suggesting thermal stability of the ordered conformation such as helix.
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技術報文
  • Dyeability of C.I. Disperse Violet 1 on Polyester Fiber in Alkanes as Dyeing Media
    Yong-Jin Lim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Byung-In Kim, Kwang-Ho Cho
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2000 年 56 巻 3 号 p. 175-179
    発行日: 2000年
    公開日: 2001/10/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.175
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In order to survey the possibility of an organic solvent as a dyeing medium, the dye uptake of C.I. Disperse Violet 1 on polyester fiber in 31 kinds of solvents including water was investigated. The dye uptake in alkanes was observed to be much higher than that in other organic solvents. As the number of carbon atoms in alkanes decreased, the dye uptake increased drastically. It was shown that dye uptake was linearly and inversely proportional to the solubility of the dye in various organic solvents in a logarithmic plot. It is very interesting that unless their flammable properties some alkanes are considered to be the excellent dyeing media for a non-aqueous dyeing system. Besides the practical aspects, the results obtained in this study may be beneficial in assisting the further development of non-aqueous dyeing systems.
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