巻号一覧
30 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
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とくに筋収縮の機構について前田 雄一郎, 大沢 文夫1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. P359-P365
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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須本 操, 今中 弘1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. P366-P370
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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青木 良一1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. P371-P375
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
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平林 潔, 塚田 益裕, 石川 博, 安村 作郎1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T459-T464
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal properties of sericin cocoon shells have been studied and discussed about their thermal structural changes from the results of calorimetric measurements (Rigaku Denki Differential Scanning Calorimeters; DSC), Thermal Mechanical Analysis and Dynamic Mechanical Loss Tangent (Tan δ). The obtained results were summarized as follows:
(1) When the cocoon shells were treated in humid atmosphere, the degree of solubility of sericin cocoon shells in water decreased markedly. And sericin cocoon (Sericin A) dried at the room temperature and sericin cocoon (Sericin B) dried in humid atmosphere (90 C for 2 hours) begin to dissolve in water, at 60°C and 80°C, respectively. But the difference in the solubility between sericin A and B was not recognized in boiling water.
(2) According to DSC curves of sericin treated with water of various temperatures for 30 min, the temperature of endothermic peaks shifts about 10 degrees to higher region. From the results of density measurements also suggest that this shift is mainly due to the structual change of sericin into more stable state.
(3) It is recognized in tan δ measurement that the sericin's main chain begins to move at above 160°C. And this temperature is similar to the degradation temperature appeared on DSC curves of fibrous sericin. Furthermore it is confirmed by the measurements of tan δ and change in the length of fibrous sericin that the endothermic peaks appeared in the range from 230-240°C were caused by breakings of the inter and intra-molecules' bondings of sericin.
(4) When the sericin was kept in an desiccator controlled at various humidities for a week, the bond breaking temperature shifts from 230°C to 260°C (260°C is for 96% RH). This fact shows the structure of sericin becomes more stable being kept in high R. H. When the treatment times is short, the structual changes do not occur.
(5) It is generally known that the bad reelability of cocoon occurs when mounted at high temperature and humidity. This is partly attributable to the increase of the crystallinity of sericin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
上出 健二, 寺川 寿和, 真鍋 征一1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T464-T470
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーDissolved state of cellulose diacetate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was studied by means of gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and infra-red spectroscopy (IR). Two peaks were detected in GPC elution curves; the main peak at a higher count region is attributed to molecularly-dispersed cellulose diacetate. In the region of the main peak, the GPC curve reflects mainly the fractionation with respect to molecular size. The smaller peak at the lower count region (i.e., prehump) is attributed to the aggregates of 0.3-0.8)μ in diameter, which are composed of hemicellulose acetate and cellulose acetate with relatively high acetyl content. The components of prehump were predominantly precipitated together with cellulose acetate with high acetyl content into the first fraction when cellulose diacetate was fractionally precipitated with acetone/water system. The prehump content decreased remarkably with increased duration of hydrolysis or by extracting with good solvents for cellulose triacetate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (556K) -
喜多村 一夫1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T471-T476
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリー1. The applicability of equation (1), obtained by the author, to the diffusion of many disperse dyes in the aqueous dyeing of polyester rolled film was investigated using the data published in literature.
where aT, D and T are shift factors, diffusion coefficient and absolute temperature, respectively. The subscript s indicates the values at a refference temperature. The square of the diffusion layer, l, was used in place of the diffusion coefficient. It was found that eq. (1) is applicable to the diffusion of many dyes practically used, and that log ls2 decreases with the increase in the molecular size of the dyes.
2. Eq. (1) was also found to be applicable to the dyeing of polyester in tetrachloroethylene (TCE) as it was in aqueous dyeing. The increase in the diffusion coefficient and the smaller dependence on temperature in the TCE dyeing than in the aqueous dyeing were explained by the lowering of Ts due to the lowering of the glass transition point of the polyester in TCE.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (426K) -
田中 信行, 中島 章夫1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T477-T480
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーNylon 6 was methoxymethylated to different extents for the purpose of obtaining copolymers. With these samples, the melting temperatures were measured as a function of the mole fraction of methoxymethylated units in the copolymers. The results were examined on the basis of the theoretical treatments on melting of two component copolymers proposed by the authors.3-5 It was pointed out that the melting of nylon 6 methoxymethylated to different extents behaved like that of non-isomorphic random polycaproamide copolymer copolymerized from two monomers. Thus, the quantitative relation (hx<hu) between the heat of fusion (hu) per structural unit and the heat of transition (hx) per structural unit due to quasi-crystals in the amorphous regions, and the numerical value of the constant “a” (in Eq. (1)) changing depending on the types of major component in two component copolymers were estimated for the methoxymethylated nylon 6.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (267K) -
甲斐 昭, 小林 靖二1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T480-T484
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe fine structure of the microfibril of Valonia macrophysa was examined using X-ray diffraction and by determination of changes that take place in the capacity for moisture regain of Valonia on treatment with various concentrations of NaOH at 20°C, leveling off the _??_ and weight loss of alkali-treated samples hydrolyzed with 4N HCl aquous solution at the boiling point.
1) Measurements of the alkali-treated or hydrolyzed samples by X-ray diffraction and leveling off the _??_ and weight loss indicate that the structure of the microfibril changes at a NaOH concentration in the range of 17.5-18.0% to 24-26%, but the capacity for moisture regain changes at a 3-4% lower concentration than that used in other methods.
2) It is suggested that the NaOH penetrates the lamellaes or microfibrils at a concentration in the range of 13% to 17.5% and the crystalline region at a concentration in the range of 17.5% to 24%.
3) The average length of a crystalline region calculated from the leveling off of the _??_ of Valonia treated with a NaOH solution at a concentration from 0% to 17.2% is about 1μ. Furthermore, calculating from the leveling off of the _??_ of a sample treated with a NaOH solution of 18.4%, and in which X-ray measurements indicate the presence of cellulose I and II lattices, the length of an extended molecular chain was determined to be about 5600 Å. On the basis of these determinations, the Valonia microfibril fits the model composed of an extended chain rather than the model (folding period 40 Å-700 Å) containing a folded conformation.
4) It is believed that the microfibril of the Valonia macrophysa defect consisting of chain-end dislocations does not exist at random throughout the microfibril, but rather, generally at intervals of about 1μ (average value).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (336K) -
山崎 昇, 礪波 宏明1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T485-T494
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーHydrazinolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was studied using hydrazine hydrate aqueous solution. Hydrazinolysis took place slowly at the early stage of degradation at low temperature. At this stage percent of degradation was lower than 25% and outlook of the degraded fiber surfaces was same as that of the undegraded. Then drastic degradation proceeded from the surfaces of the fibers. It is observed in the scanning electron microscopic photographs that the fibers became thin and were etched to form patterns of bricks on the surfaces of the fibers.
Changes of the crystallinity caused by hydrazinolysis and behavior of phenol adsorption suggested that the degradation took place at the amorphous regions at the early stage of hydrazinolysis.
In order to confirm that hydrazinolysis proceeded at the amorphous regions at early stage, alkaline hydrolysis was utilized. The alkaline hydrolysis rate of hydrazinolyzed fibers was faster than that of undegraded fibers. The alkaline hydrolysis proceeded in two steps accompanied by increase of the crystallinity of the fibers and decrease of hydrazide group content.
By the two step degradation of hydrazinolysis and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis PET powder which has high molecular weight ([η]=0.45) and high crystallinity of 92% (calculated from the density) was obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2174K) -
松本 喜代一, 黒木 俊之, 今村 力造1974 年 30 巻 10 号 p. T494-T502
発行日: 1974/10/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMolecular orientation and crystallization of Nylon-6 films by means of the biaxial stretching in a hot dry-air bath are reported in this paper. The unoriented low crystalline Nylon-6 film T-die extruded with a thickness of ca. 200 μ were stretched at constant rate of 400%/min in a recirculating hot air at 120°C by various methods using a filmstretcher; i. e. uniaxial stretching under free width and/or constant width, and simultaneous biaxial stretching. The stretched films were then set at 160°C for 5min. The molecular orientation was studied by both measurements of birefringence for a tilted specimen and x-ray diffraction.
The obtained results are summerized as follows;
(1) The Nylon-6 films uniaxially stretched with free width give a uniaxial orientation with cylindrical symmetry distribution similar to Nylon-6 fiber where the molecular chain coincides with the b-axis.
(2) In the films uniaxially stretched with constant width, the molecular chain shows double orientation along MD direction and a considerable amount of TD direction together with a uniplanar orientation parallel to the film surface. This crystal orientation was proved to be a selective uniplanar-axial orientation where (200) plane lies parallel to stretching direction and perpendicular to film surface and (002) plane orients almost parallel to film surface; this is similar to the hot-rolled film.
(3) In the simultaneous-biaxially stretched films, the molecular chain shows a random orientation within the film along with a uniplanar orientation parallel to the film surface. This is interpreted as a uniplanar orientation where b-axis lies random and a-axis parallel to the film surface and c-axis tilts about 60-70° from it. Therefore, the hydrogen bonded planes characteristic to Nylon-6 seem to orient roughly parallel to the film surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3567K)
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