繊維学会誌
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Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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58 巻, 10 号
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  • Crystal Modification in Polypropylene Fibers Containing β-form Nucleating Agent
    Tetsuya Takahashi
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 357-364
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.357
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Sample fibers were prepared with a multi-filament melt-spinning machine, from polypropylene (hereafter "PP") to which β-form nucleating agent had been added. The relations between melt-spinning conditions and crystal modification of obtained fibers were studied. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement of fibers yielded the following results: The diffraction peaks of α-form crystal were clearly observed in undrawn fiber to which β-form nucleating agent had been added in an amount of 0.05 wt%. The diffraction peaks of β-form crystal were observed in undrawn fiber to whichβ-form nucleating agent had been added in an amount of more than 0.10wt%. Also, the effects of spinning temperature on PP to which β-form nucleating agent had been added in an amount of 0.10 wt% were studied. Only crystalline reflections of α-form were found in the sample produced at a spinning temperature lower than 250°C. However, the reflections of β-form appeared when spinning temperature was increased to 280°C. When the draft ratio was more than 3100, the diffraction peaks of β-form crystal were not observed. When the samples were drawn with a heated roller at 110°C, a few diffraction peaks of β-form crystal were found when the draw ratio was set at 4.0, but the peaks were never found when the draw ratio exceeded 5.0. The results indicate that crystal transformation from β-form to α-form takes place in samples for which the crystallite-orientation factor ofβ-form, fC(β), reaches about 0.788.
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  • Structure of Polyamide 6 in Polypropylene/Polyamide 6 Blend and Dyeing of Blend Fiber
    Tetsuya Takahashi
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 365-374
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.365
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The state of dispersion of polypropylene/polyamide 6 blends (PP/PA6) was investigated through thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAH-PP) was used as a compatibilizer. When MAH-PP was added to pure PP or pure PA6, peak crystallization temperature of PP in the cooling process of DSC measurement was not influenced, whereas that of PA6 increased about 6 degree. Although PP/PA6 (=40/60 by wt%) with MAH-PP did not show crystallization peak of PA6, addition of talc as a nucleating agent led to the crystallization of PA6. In contrast, in the process of heating PP/PA6 (=40/60 or 60/40) with MAH-PP after cooling without crystallization of PA6, a small exothermic peak, indicating the crystallization of PA6, was observed between the melting peaks of PP and PA6. Dyeability of fibers from these blends with various compositions of PP/PA6 depended on whether crystallization of PA6 occurred in the cooling process or not; however, blends with talc could not be dyed even though the PA6 component in this blend crystallized in the cooling process. These results indicated that dyeing behavior of fibers from these blends is governed by the state of the dispersion of the two components. In other words, fine dispersion of the PA6 component leads to suppression of both crystallizability and the dyeability. Addition of talc appears to enhance crystallization without changing the state of dispersion.
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  • Improvement of Moisture Sorption of Polyurethane Fiber by Blending Cellulose
    Yousuke Miharu, Yasumitsu Uraki, Kohki Itoyama, Fumio Miyazawa, Hiroak ...
    原稿種別: scientific monograph
    専門分野: Infomation Science
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 375-380
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.375
    ジャーナル フリー
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    An improvement of moisture sorption (MS) ability of polyurethane (PU) was attempted by blending cellulose (Cell). PU-Cell blend was prepared from PU-cellulose diacetate (CA) blend by saponification. CA was apparently miscible with PU in a wide range of blend ratio on the optically microscopic observations. However, the incompatible interaction between them in less than 70 % CA content was suggested by Db from the viscosity measurement. Saponified CA formed cellulose II structure in PU at above 30 % CA content. Essentially, CA was, therefore, immiscible with PU. The MS of PU fibers blended with 5 % of CA was dramatically enhanced after 1 % NaOH treatment. In the case of films, the MS was increased by the increase in CA content without saponification. By saponification, the MS ability was further improved.
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  • すくい縫いミシン縫製におけるすくい条件とシームの外観
    松梨 久仁子, 島崎 恒蔵
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 381-386
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.381
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The relation between the appearance of blind stitch seams and sewing conditions was examined. The seam appearance was evaluated by sensory tests. Under the conditions that the height of ridge forming disc was low with loose thread tension, the seams had good appearance. It was shown that the conditions that the stitches begin to appear on the right side of seam correspond to the boundary between positive and negative levels of the average preference of seam appearance. From the result of the discriminant analysis, all of the factors affecting on seam appearance, important ones were the height of ridge forming disc and fabric thickness. As for SMD obtained from KES system, the stitches in seams tended to appear with the increase in SMD value but it was not always conspicuous actually. By the result of the principal component analysis for sewing fabric, it was deduced that the first principal component stands for fabric volume and the second one, the roughness of the fabric structure. From the viewpoint of blind stitch sewing, the first principal component was considered to be connected with the fabric characteristics to blind the stitches on the right side of seam and the second one, visual inconspicuousness of existing stitches. Using the plots of the first and the second principal scores, information on sewing condition for fabric can be obtained easily.
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  • CRT上のカラーモザイクパターンに対する視覚的印象としての複雑さと美しさ
    河本 直樹
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 387-394
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.387
    ジャーナル フリー
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    This paper presents a method for objective evaluation of visual complexity for colored patterns in terms of two features obtained by image analyses. One of the features is entropy measure in the spatial frequency domain, and the other is fractal dimension of the colored pattern. The evaluation method was applied to colored mosaic patterns generated by using normal random numbers. On the other hand, 20 human observers estimated the visual complexity and beauty of the mosaic patterns on a CRT display. The result showed that the entropy measure was highly correlated to average value of complexity estimated by 20 observers, and the fractal dimension was also correlated to the visual complexity. Then, a linear multiple regression equation was introduced for quantitative evaluation of complexity, including the entropy measure and the fractal dimension as independent variables. Visual complexity calculated by the regression equation was in good agreement with that evaluated subjectively. Furthermore, the relationship between visual complexity and beauty was investigated. It was found that the colored patterns, which had medium complexity, were evaluated as beautiful. In other words, very complex or very simple patterns were not evaluated as beautiful.
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技術報文
  • スパッタエッチングによるインクジェット印刷適性の改良
    福井 里司, 山内 龍男
    原稿種別: 研究論文
    専門分野: 情報学
    2002 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 395-400
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2003/07/31
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.395
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Sputter etching was carried out at various conditions of gas pressure and sputtering energy on PPC paper, light weight and cast coated papers and further cellophane sheet as a reference, and then the etched papers were printed by using a ink-jet printer. The changes in compactness of ink dot and dot area were determined by using image analysis. Compactness of ink dot printed on PPC paper increased and the dot area decreased by sputter etching, i.e. ink-jet printability was improved. The ink-jet printability of light weight and cast coated papers was also improved by sputter etching. The extent of improvement of the latter was small as its original ink-jet printability was rather good. On the other hand ink-jet printability of cellophane sheet got worse by sputter etching, even though the micro structure was developed on the surface. These results suggest that the improvement of ink-jet printability needs a micro surface structure connecting to the inner pore structure which accomodates ink.
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