巻号一覧
25 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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池田 守男1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 1-4
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe intrinsic birefringences of c-axis, (100) plane and (010) plane orientatian to fiber axis of polyethyleneterephthalate crystal were calculated by using the three dimensional coordinates of bond-unit by Tomashpol'skii and Markova.
The intrinsic birefringences of c-axis, (100) plane and (010) plane orientation were Δncm=0.253, Δn(100)=-0.394 and Δn(010)=0.127, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (297K) -
松元 孝子, 江原 勝夫, 池上 昇, 河合 徹, 前田 弘邦1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 5-10
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe change in the texture of polyethylene terephthalate film on annealing was followed by electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis (DTA). In the qnenched film the ball-like strtctures named by Geil et al. could be observed. On annealing the film at the temperatures below 170°C, the fibrillar ribbons were formed through the fibrillar alignment of the ball-like structure. From the results of the density measnrements of the annealed samples quenched at various periods of times, it became apparent that the crystallization occured rather rapidly (within a day) even at 90°C in water and practically ceased at a lower crystallinity. At the temperatures below 135°C the crystallinity attained for a given time increased rapidly with the annealing temperature. These facts suggest that the crystallization at these low temperatures (cold crystallization) takes place through the inter-molecular nucleation which results in, at least partially, the fringed micell an structure. DTA revealed that the annealed samples show two melting peaks.
The peak at the lower temperature may be attributable to the melting of the bundle-like crystals postulated above. The peak at the higher temperature (Ca. 260°C) would be due to the folded chain crystals formed at the lower temperature and rearranged, and newly crystallized in the course of the heating during the DTA measurement. This is confirmed by the morphological studies and the measurements of the crystallinities and the melting behavior for the samples heated in the DTA apparatus up to various temperatures (the heating rate: 10°C/min.) and quenched.
The similar measurements were also made for the crystals extracted from these samples by treating them in ethyl amine, in which the rearrangement of the crystals in the course of the DTA measurement could be avoided. It became apparent that the crystals (including the bundle-like crystals mentioned above) formed at the lower temperatures began to melt at 170°C and transformed into the thicker chain-folded lamellae. This transformation was completed nearly at 210°C. These results were also consistent with the electron microscopic observation which revealed that the transformation form the ball-like structures to the lamellar structures occured at 170°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3299K) -
石川 欣造, 宮坂 啓象, 岡部 隆康, 山田 三男1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 11-15
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe change of the lattice spacing of nylon 6 crystal caused by water sorption were studied by x-ray diffraction method. The lattice deformation takes place in the disorded crystals but not in ones with comparatively small disorder such as the crystal whose structure was determined by Bunn. The changes of spacing are confined to the ac plane and are absent in the chain direction, The (200) spacing increases and the (002) decreases after water sorption. The higher the deviation of the spacings from these of the ideal lattice by Bunn, the greater is the deformation when water sorption occurs. Additionaly to the lattice deformation, the width of the x-ray diffraction profiles decreases with water sorption. From these results, it is concluded that water sorption is effective for the relaxation of internal strains in the disordered crystals. This relaxation, however, is insufficient to convert the disorded crystals to the ideal one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (372K) -
Junji Seki1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 16-23
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe principle of the fluorescence method for the estimation of molecular orientation in the fiber is described with special consideration on the relative position of the optical systems and on some optical effects such as birefringence. The type of molecular orientation in the fiber is regarded as the superposition of two typical types of orientation; one is random orientation and the other is conical orientation, the latter including linear orientation and planar orientation as the extreme cases. Parallel component of fluorescence intensity is calculated for the above two types of orientation.
Then the apparatus specially devised for the simultaneous measurement of stress and fluorescence of the fiber is illustrated. The correction factor for the unavoidable optical inadequacies is obtained experimentally.
Several examples of the measurement of molecular orientation in fibers and films are cited. Polyethylene film drawn 500%. shows almost the perfect linear orientation. Cotton fiber shows conical orientation whose vertical angle is about 40°. Polyacrylonitrile fiber drawn 1100%. shows approximately linear orientation, but the planar orientation perpendicular to the fiber axis is seen after the fiber is exposed to heat treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (909K) -
Junji Seki1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 24-33
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMolecular orientation in various types of polyamide fibers is studied by the fluorescence method. In the first place, molecular orientation in nylon-6 fibers is studied in detail. Effects of spinning conditions on the molecular and crystalline orientations and on the mechanical properties are discussed; then the changes of molecular orientation by drawing and heat treatment under various conditions are described. Molecular orientation in other types of nylon fibers is also studied.
Comparing these data with those of X-ray and density measurements, it is considered that not only the random rotary motion of the non-crystalline chains but also the crystallization process are responsible for the variation of molecular orientation. The presence of planar type of orientation perpendicular to the fiber axis is explained by the lateral stretching of non-crystalline chains caused by the growth of the neighboring crystallites.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1566K) -
古賀 城一, 神谷 清秋, 黒木 宣彦1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 34-39
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain the precise information about selective adsorption of optically active dyes on wool, twelve optically active azo-dyes were synthesized from optically active alanine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid, which are represented by:
The synthesized dyes were absorbed by wool at pH 5.2, 25°C.
It was ascertained that the optical isomers of alanine, methionine, leucine, and isoleucine derivatives were adsorbed by wool in different ways, and their D-forms were adsorbed by wool more than the L-forms. On the other hand, there is no indication of different adsorption behaviors between the optical isomers of the dyes derived from phenylalanine and glutamic acid. Since the D-forms and L-forms of the dyes are chemically identical, the difference in the adsorption behaviors of the D-forms and L-forms may depend upon how stably the dyes are sterically adsorbed by wool. It was suggested that ‘the three points attraction’ takes place in the adsorption process, and the interaction of the dyes to the wool comes from the affinity of a conjugated part and the R group of the dyes to the wool. When the R is small in carbon number snch as CH3, its affinity to wool is negligible. In such a case the conjugated part of the dye plays the major part in the attachment on wool, and the methyl group affects only sterically on the strength of the attachment. This steric effect of the methyl group may differ between the optical isomers owing to their different configurations, On the other hand, when the R increases in carbon number the affinity of the R to wool becomes appreciable hence the affinity of a dye molecule to wool is contributed by the affinities of conjugated part and the R of the dye, and in that case, the selectivity in adsorption behavior of optical isomers decreases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K) -
赤見 仁, 川上 達也1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 40-48
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper calculation of size distribution (by weight) of fiber stocks in Blowing Process is discussed by matrix method*. By using histgram or cumultive frequency, it is easy to decide inqut and output size distribution of the process by measuring the weight of fiber stocks.
When the size distribution of input and output are represented by vector form, an element of the vector might be given by the ordinate (either as percentage or fraction) at which a size (abscissa) intercepts the smooth curve drawn from the size analysis, that is, these vector elements are culculated from smooth curve of the histograms or cumultive frequencies by substituting an arbitrary unit to the abscissa.
Then, input vector F and output vector F′ can be explained as fallows, where it is suitably chosen enough to show each distributions. When it is considered that F is changed to F′ by the process operation, it is reasonable to introduce a transfer matrix B, which characterizes the process; F′=BF Taking a probability of vector undergone the process action, F must be manipulated by the probability π;
F′=B(πF)+(I-π)F
Then open circuit breakage system can be stated by the above equation.
Since transfer matrix B is introduced to show the state of transition of vector components to each size after a cycle of breakage, column of B must give a discrete probability function, but is so difficult to decide the function either theoretically or experimentally that Poison distribution is supposed.
Then an element of B, aij show the probability of transition of fi from size i to j after the breakage. where it is difficult for more than two stocks to combine; then B becomes triangular matrix.
Elements remained are derived from Poisen distribution table or the equations; by using two conditions, that is, parameter K is decided from aij=0 i=j x=n-i i=j
Eexperiments were done between Hopper Opener and Hopper Feeder with Overflow, and Hooper Feeder and Lattice Feeder.
Cumultive frequency curves were completed using more than 500 data, which were smoothed by Least Square Mean Method in order to decide veotors easily.
To find the influence of vector's dimensions to the accuracy of culculation by the equation, they were changed and critical weight of fiber stocks, at which the condition of πij becomes πij≤1, were compared with each other.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (481K) -
上出 健二, 外山 和子1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 49-51
発行日: 1969/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper (K. Kamide; Chem. High Polymers, Japan, 25, 532 (1968)) the method has been presented for estimating the equilibrium melting temperature T°m of the semicrystalline polymers from the data of apparent melting temperature Tm and the heat of fusion ΔH of the samples annealed at temperatures just below Tm of the untreated sample for various length of time. In that study T°m=186.5°C has been obtained for an unfractionated isotactic polypropylene. This paper is concerned with the determination of T°m of the sharp fraction having the viscosity-average molecular weight of 3.21×105. The sample was annealed at temperatures ranging from 161°C to 167°C for 1_??_1020min. in differential scanning calorimeter, model DSC-1 (Perkinr-Elmer Co. Ltd., U.S.A.). After annealing it was heated at the rate of 5°C/min. to melting point without cooling for determining Tm and ΔH. Tm was plotted as a function of ΔH and annealing time t. T°m was estimated from lim T°m (ΔH, t) and found to be 187.5°C for the fraction, which is in t=∞ ΔH=0 agreement with that for a whole polymer within the experimental uncertainty. T°m=220±20°C was estimated for the polymer fraction by means of the Hoffman-Weeks treatment. The discrepancy between the values estimated from the two different methods is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (209K) -
1969 年 25 巻 1 号 p. 52
発行日: 1969年
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (54K)
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