1. 地割の進展を,それと不可分な居住-直接には居宅配置,間接には全生活との連関において眺めた.この揚合まず何よりも,地割・居住両者の進展それ自身の客観的描写,展開を,応分の意義あるものとした.
2. そのため,図面を多用し,資料はなるべくそのなかに織込み,図主文従の形をとり,解説の紙面は最小限にした(地理学における地図の価値・活用は,もつと強調されてよいと思う).
3. 説明に当つては,次の点を考慮した.地割も居宅配置も,あくまで時の函数として進展する.その時は,たとえば両者に,いかなる年齢的行動をとらせているのか?それは,具体的にいつて,どのようなものが,どんな速さで,どのように変つてゆくのか?場所や,時代や,その他多勢は,その際,どんな役割を演ずるのか?
4. 実例としては,次の7つをとつた(括弧内は観察期間). a. 南米PampaのPirovano農場 (1875-1930). b. 北満克山県第172号井 (1913-1935). c. 北海道芽室原野の上伏古 (1910-1955). d. 武蔵野の上富村 (1696-1954). e. その2隣村北永井と藤久保(特定期聞なし). f. 北海道旧美唄兵村 (1892-1954). g. 夜見浜の旧富益村(特定期間なし).
5. これらのうちでは,上富がその資料と価値とから,主動となつているが,他のものもこれを助けて,問題点の客観化による理解に役立てられている.

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The Zyoban coal field is about 200km north-east of Tokyo. Though the coal is low-caloric bituminous one, the field is the nearest to the Tokyo-Yokohama manufacturing region, one of the largest coal markets in Japan. They produced 4.29 million tons of coal in 1957, about 8 per cent of the total coal production of Japan, and about 28, 000 coal workers are engaged in the coal industry in the field. The coal workers have increased through the development of the coal industry in this field since about 1890 and have been largely responsible for profound changes in the structure of the labor force and in the social and economic structure over the last half a century.
The writer has studied: (1) Distribution of the coal workers; (2) Relations between colliery settlements and regionality of the coal field; (3) Recruitment (employment and dismissal) and mobility of the coal workers. The results are as follows.
(1) About 57 per cent of the 28, 000 coal workers are concentrated in the northern district of Iwaki, one of the four regions of the field which is the center of coal production in the Zyoban coal field because of the best geologic conditions of coal measures for mining. Therefore, the influences of the mining activity are most clearly revealed in this region. Next is Taga District which has 31 per cent of the total workers. The remaining 12 per cent is in two other districts (Fig. 7). Sixty-one per cent of the number of the total coal workers is employed in 4 collieries each of which has over 1, 000 workers; 20 per cent is in 9 collieries each of which has 1, 000-503 workers; 13 per cent is in 21 collieries each of which has 560-100 workers and 6 per cent in 54 collieries each of which has under 100 workers. The majority of coal workers are concentrated in the large collieries.
(2) Many workers and their families increase the density of population in these areas. Colliery settlements, especially workers houses, occupy vast tracts of land and they are largely responsible for the changing of the farming region into the characteristic landscape of the coal field. Bus routes, the frequence of bus service, density of population and types of occupations in the field are also clearly under the influence of the location of colliery settlements (Fig. 2). For example, the average density of population in the nothern part of Iwaki is 800 persons per one square kilometer to 105 persons per one square kilometer in the neighbouring area.
(3) From 60 to 70 per cent of the total workers come from the cities, towns and villages of the Zyoban coal field. The others come from the villages of Tohoku and the Kanto Region, and Niigata Prefecture. Generally speaking, coal labor is not liked by people as an occupation, but they are compelled to engage in it, because they find no other occupations in the field except agriculture. Then the mobility of coal workers is very large (ratio of the mobility is from 30 to 60 per cent) because of poor labor conditions and lower wages. A number of workers left the colliery within half a year. The moa bility of coal workers is much larger than the workers of other industries, but those who change occupations are few. Most of them wander from one colliery to another in the Zyoban coal field. The ratio of these “Wandering Miners” including the coal workers of small collieries is much higher than in large ones. This is due to the instability of the small collieries. Then the number of workers who transfer from one small colliery to another is much larger than the number who transfer from a large colliery to a small one or to another large one.

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