脳卒中
Online ISSN : 1883-1923
Print ISSN : 0912-0726
ISSN-L : 0912-0726
20 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の47件中1~47を表示しています
  • 端 和夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 525-532
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    くも膜下出血は若年者の脳卒中死亡の50%を占める疾患で,その予防は重要な課題である.MRAの洗練によって成人における未破裂脳動脈瘤の保有率は5%以上であり,家族歴を有する群では10%を超えることが明かとなった.全体としての破裂のリスクは年率で1%程度,小型の病変では0.5%以下と推定され,手術適応には慎重な判断が求められる.今後,高リスクを群を対象とした検診効率の向上,手術技術の向上,非手術例の経過観察,くも膜下出血発生の推移の観察などが課題となると思われる.
  • Wolf-Dieter Heiss
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 533
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 東儀 英夫, 島津 邦男
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 534
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 厚東 篤生
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 535-538
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 安井 信之, 鈴木 明文
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 539-544
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Surgeries have been taken an important role of treatment for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. But operative indication is not firmly established on each location of the hematoma and the method of the surgery as craniotomy vs stereotaxic aspiration is also controversial topics. In this article, operative indication of putaminal hemorrhage is considered from a viewpoint of functional outcome such as recovery of motor function in the mild case and of consciousness disturbance in the severe case. Pathophysiological conditions after bleeding, which include rebleeding, hydrocephalus and brain edema, are also menitoned in relation to surgical treatment.
  • 小林 祥泰, 岡田 和悟, 須山 信夫, 長井 篤, 土谷 治久, 山口 修平
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 545-549
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    脳ドックを受診した健常者で,その後の消息が判明した1,087名を対象に無症候性脳梗塞と高血症の関係について検討した.高血圧既往が無症候性脳梗塞を有する群では有意に高率で,受診時血圧,日常血圧も有意に高値であった.高血圧の管理状況との関係について高血圧群で検討したが,高血圧持続期間,日常血圧,受診時血圧のいずれも無症候性脳梗塞と関連しなかった.降圧薬服薬状況と無症候性脳梗塞との関係もみられなかった.一方,脳卒中発症との関係をみると,受診時血圧が高いほど発症率が高く,また無症候性脳梗塞で高血圧を有する群では高血圧のない群に比して明らかに高率であった.高血圧に脳卒中家族歴合併群でも家族歴のない群に比して脳卒中発症率が明らかに高率であった.これらの結果は無症候性脳梗塞さらにその後の脳卒中発症に高血圧だけでなく何らかの遺伝的素因が関与している可能性を示唆するものと考えられる.
  • 奥寺 利男, 小川 彰
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 550
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 井川 房夫, 栗栖 薫, 有田 和徳, 大庭 信二, 木矢 克造, 魚住 徹
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 551-556
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to diagnose the acute stroke by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion image (PI) using echo planar imaging (EPI).
    Ten cases of acute stroke within 12 hours after onset were imaged with FLAIR, DWI and PI. All imaging was performed using a 1.5 T Signa Horizon MRI scanner (GE-YMS). The imaging parameters of the DWI were employed in four times, namely b=250, 500, 750, 1000 sec/. PI was performed with single shot gradient echo type echo-planar technique during the injection of 0.2 mmol per kilogram of body weight gadopentate dimeglumine, TR/TE=333 ms/55 ms, matrix=128×1 NEX, thickness 5 mm, FOV 24 cm. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) map, and relative mean transit time (rMTT) map were reconstructed by workstation. Measurement of ADC, MTT ratio and CBV ratio in ischemic core and peripheral region were evaluated respectively and compared with follow up imaging in over 1 month after onset.
    (1) ADC value were reduced to 45.2% and 78.2% in the ischemic core and penumbra respectively. (2) rCBV ratio and rMTT ratio were 32% and 148% in the ischemic core, 73% and 167% in the peripheral region, respectively. (3) Perfusion map can be classified into 4 types according to the grade of ischemia.
    ADC and perfusion map can demonstrate the grade of ischemia in acute stage.
  • 下瀬川 恵久, 畑澤 順, 豊嶋 英仁, 奥寺 利男
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 557-561
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    We studied diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 14 patients with unilateral intracranial steno-occlusive arterial lesion to evaluate the relationship between the apparent diffusion of coefficient (ADC) of water and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the acute stage of human cerebral infarction. In all patients DWI and SPECT measurements were performed within 6 hours after onset of stroke, and relative ADC (rADC) and relative CBF (rCBF) of the infarct and peri-infarct areas were calculated with referring to the follow-up computed tomography (CT) obtained more than 24 hours after onset. The rADC significantly correlated with rCBF (P<0.01). In the area with moderate and severe hypoperfusion, rADC of the infarct areas significantly decreased compared with unity (p<0.01). Standard deviation of the infarct area was greater than that of the periinfarct area, and 2 lesions with normal rADC and moderate hypoperfusion later evolved into complete infarction. The present results demonstrate that the ADC reduction of the ischemic area correlates with the severity of hypoperfusion within 6 hours after stroke onset. Normal ADC, however, is not a token of escaping form cerbral infarction when moderate hypoperfusion is associated.
  • 長谷川 泰弘, 峰松 一夫, 数井 誠司, 井上 剛, 和田 邦泰, 今北 哲, 林田 孝平, 山口 武典
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 562-566
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Evolution of ischemic lesion volume in echo-planar diffusion weighted MRI (EP-DWI) was investigat-ed in 17 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Comparing to the follow-up MRI studies, lesion volume expansion up to 317 ml was observed in patients whose initial EP-DWI performed within 17 hours after the onset. Misery perfusion was not observed by PET in patients without significant expansion (>10 ml), but in 2 of 5 patients with such an expansion. Significant lesion volume expansion occurred in patients with 1) acute hemispheric symptoms and signs, such as consciousness disturbance, conjugate deviation of eyes, mild to severe hemiplegia, and cortical signs, 2) vascular occlusion of the internal carotid or the middle cerebral arteries, either embolic or thrombotic in nature, and 3) small ischemic lesion volume in the initial EP-DWI study. Patients exhibiting these clinical features at early stage of ischemia should be regarded as a high risk group for the lesion volume expansion and they might have a substantially large volume of potentially salvageable tissue.
  • 吉田 英人, 中川原 讓二, 瓢子 敏夫, 武田 利兵衛, 中村 博彦
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 567-572
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been developed to detect early ischemic changes which could not be demonstrated by conventional MR imaging. It is unclear whether a hyperintensity area on DWI shows reversible or irreversible area. To define clinical significance of a hyperintensity area on DWI, we investigate the dependence of a hyperintensity area on both residual cerebral blood flow (CBF) and time from stroke onset.
    DWI (5 axial images) using 1.0 T MRI and residual CBF (2 axial images) using 133Xe-SPECT were performed in twenty-eight patients with acute cerebral embolic stroke. The time from stroke onset to DWI was 70-373 min. (mean value of 153.3 min). Cortical hyperintensity area within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was observed in 16 cases (Group I) and not revealed in 12 cases (Group II). Mean CBF in cortical ischemic area within the MCA territory and focal CBF in cortical hyperintensity area within the MCA territory were calculated in each cases. Time from stroke onset to DWI was not significantly different between Group I and II, however, mean CBF in Group I and II (17.3±6.42 ml/100 g/min and 24.4±4.91 ml/100 g/min, respectively) was significantly different (p<0.05). In patients with cortical hyperintensity area, significant linear regression was observed between time (X time.) from stroke onset and focal CBF (Y ml/100 g/min) in cortical hyperintensity area on DWI (Y=0.052X+3.61, p<0.05). Residual CBF in cortical hyperintensity area after three hours from stroke onset was estimated as severe cerebral ischemia as CBF less than 13ml/100 g/min.
    These results suggest that cortical hyperintensity area on DWI depends on both residual CBF and time from stroke onset, and indicate irreversible ischemic area. Therefore, in patients with cortical hyperintensity area, thrombolytic therapy should not be considered to avoid hemorrhagic infarction in severe ischemic area.
  • 高田 達郎, 中川原 讓二, 瓢子 敏夫, 片岡 丈人, 武田 利兵衛, 中村 博彦
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 573-576
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, it has been widely reported that thrombolytic therapy could be effective in acute ischemic stroke. We reported relations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using 133Xe-SPECT and cerebral infarction (CI) on CT/MRI in patients treated with local thrombolytic therapy (LTT).
    Thirty-three patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stem or trunk occlusion were treated with LTT from 1991 to 1997. The outcome (GOS) of these patients was GR in 26 patients, MD in 2, SD in 4, and Dead in 1. We annalyzed various factors in retrospect view, as follows;
    1. NIHSS, Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in day 30th were compared to the grade of immediate recanalization after the treatment by angiography, then, there was no significant difference among them.
    2. Pre- and post-treated CBF were evaluated before and after LTT. Mean CBF was measured in anterior and posterior MCA areas without immediate recanalization (28 areas of total 57 areas). Of these 28 non-recanalized area, pre-CBF in areas without CI (n=15) and pre-CBF in areas with CI (n=13) was not significantly different, however, post-CBF in areas without CI (30.3±5.1 ml/100 g/min) was significantly higher than post-CBF in areas with CI (23.3±4.4 ml/100 g/min) (p=0.0008). In areas with increased CBF (postCBF-preCBF≥5ml/100g/min, n=11 areas), CI appeared 2 areas (19%). In areas without increased CBF (postCBF-preCBF<5 ml/100 g/min, n=17 areas), 17 areas (65%) developed CI.
    It was suggested that the outcome in patients without immediate recanalization after LTT could be improved by not only improvement of collateral flow but also early recanalization in following period. Conversely, when arterial occlusion was persisted over 8 hours, areas with CBF less than about 27 ml/ 100 g/min could develop CI.
  • 稲垣 徹, 齋藤 孝次, 奥山 徹, 平野 亮, 高橋 明, 稲村 茂
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 577-583
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have investigated the diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) findings of 40 patients with acute occlusion of internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery on admission. According to the extent of high intensity areas (HIAs), DWI findings were classified into 4 types, type 1: no detection of HIAs, type 2: detection of HIAs in perforator's territory, type 3: detection of HIAs of limited part of cerebral cortex, type 4: detection of extended HIAs. 4 patients of type 1 were examined within 2 hours after onset. The earliest case with HIA detected by DWI was examined 30 min. after onset. The detection of HIAs on DWI was correlated well to the CBF values obstained by 99m Tc-HMPAO SPECT. HIA was detected exclusive-ly in the hypoperfused area where CBF value was under 20 ml/100 g/min. All 16 patients of type 4 were received conservative therapy, because CBF value on HIAs was very low (0-14 ml/100 g/min.) as irreversible lesions. 14 of 24 patients of type 1-3 underwent revascularization therapy in acute phase and had good results. Some of type 1-3 patients had the indication of revascularization therapy. We concluded that DWI classificasion could be useful for selecting a candidate for revascularization therapy in acute phase.
  • 杉本 耕一, 佐藤 直昭, 松村 明, 能勢 忠男
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 584-590
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The roles and the usefulness of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and Xenon Computed Tomography (XeCT) were studied in the cases of major cerebral artery occlusion at the ultra-acute stage. In 12 cases, both DWI and XeCT were examined within 6 hours after onset to decide on the therapeutic strategy. The subjects were 8 males and 4 females, aged 48 to 87 wigh an average age of 70.3). The interval from onset To DWI was from one hour and thiety minutes to five hours and thirty minutes with an average time of three hours. No abnormal findings were found in any of the cases on the routine CT, MRI-T2WI◊FLAIR, while large abnormal findings appeared on the DWI in all the cases. On the XeCT, the decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the ischemic area was shown. This area corresponded to the one showen on DWI. Superselective intraaterial thrombolysis was performed in 5 cases, from which 2 were discharged ambulatorily, 2 wheeling themselves out, and 1 is still bedridden. Conservative therapy was performed in 7 cases. Three followed a good course and had relative good CBFs in the ischemic area. The four cases with poor prognosis of death or being bedridden consisted of the ones with the bilateral lesions, those with an age of over 75 and some complications, or those with the involved area of CBF<10 ml/100 g/min. DWI and XeCT were very useful at the ultra-acute stage of major cerebral artery occlusion because time is extremely important in deciding on the therapeutic strategy including thrombolysis. DWI provided a definite diagnosis in a short time at the ultra-acute stage and XeCT provided the decision of thrombolysis and the prediction of the prognosis.
  • 神田 直, 山田 和雄
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 591
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 術中および組織学的所見との対比
    大滝 雅文, 田邊 純嘉, 伊林 至洋, 上出 廷治, 端 和夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 592-598
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    carotid plaqueの形態と性状をCT angiography(CTA)がどれ程正確に検出し得るか,carotid endarterectomy(CEA)の術中所見およびplaqueの病理組織所見と対比し検討した.対象はCEAを施行した頸部内頸動脈狭窄11病変を有する10例である.CTAによるcarotid plaqueの検出能をイメージ間隔1mmで再構成したaxial original image, MIP(maximum intensity projection)画像およびvolume rendering画像で評価した.
    5病変で潰瘍を随伴していたが,全てMIP画像で描出し得た.さらに血管壁の石灰化を血管内腔と区別し得た.axial original imageの観察では,fibrous capの形態の把握,softあるいはhard plaqueの鑑別,そして1病変ではintraplaque hemorrhageの検出も可能であった.volume rendering画像はplaqueを三次元的に描出でき,病変部の術前評価が容易となった.CTAはcarotid plaqueの形態や内部の性状を高い信頼度で検出することが可能であり,CEAの適応決定や術前計画に有用である.
  • 臨床病態整理学的所見と長期予後から
    岡田 芳和, 島 健, 西田 正博, 山根 冠児, 森竹 浩三
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 599-604
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    邦人の頸部頸動脈狭窄病変に対するシャントシステムをルーチンに用いた血栓内膜剥離術(CEA : carotid endarterectomy)155例,170側の臨床結果を報告する.TIA,RIND,MCS及び無症候性病変症例が各々51,23,45,51例であった.病変の狭窄度と広がりは,各々平均74%,1.2cmであった.術中SEP検査などから約20%に頸動脈遮断による重篤な脳虚血が推察された.手術成績は,mortalityゼロ,morbidity4例であった.長期追跡調査では無症候性の再狭窄,閉塞を3例に認めた.脳虚血発作は,4例に認められたが,CEA部に起因する再発作はみられなかった.死亡例は12例で,原因疾患は7例が癌,2例が心疾患であった.以上より著者らのCEAは,邦人の頸部頸動脈狭窄病変に対する安全かつ有効な手術法であることが示唆された.
  • 遠藤 俊郎, 桑山 直也, 池田 宏明, 久保 道也, 平島 豊, 高久 晃
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 605-608
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been established as the standard treatment for high-grade carotid stenosis, and percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) and/or stent replacement (Stent) has been also performed as a new technique. We retrospectively reviewed our experienced 217 cases with 197 CEAsand 28 PTA/ Stents and present postoperative and long-term results. In CEAs, mortality and morbidityrate was 2.5% and one asymptomatic restenosis was identified during follow-up. In PTA/Stents, symptomatic complication was not experienced, but restenosis occurred in more than 50% of cases with PTA. In results, CEAs should be selected as a first choice of surgical treatment in the present conditions. PTAs/Stent may be an alterenative in selective surgical patients, but long-term follow-up is needed to determine the ulitimate durability.
  • 中原 一郎, 坂井 信幸, 永田 泉, 岩間 亨, 秋山 義典, 戸高 健臣, 澤田 元史, 小島 昭雄, 川上 理, 堀口 聡士, 橋本 ...
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 609-614
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    We report excellent initial results of stenting for stenosis of major cerebral arteries experienced between April 1997 and June 1998. Patients ranged in age from 61 to 78 year old (mean 65 year old). The location of the lesion included cervical carotid artery: 10, orifice of vertebral artery: 3, subclavian artery: 3. All lesion were high grade more than 60%. Ten were symptomatic (TIA 5, minor stroke 1, VBI 2. others 2), and six were asymptomatic. Stents utilized were Palmaz stents, the balloon expandable type originally developed for peripheral arteries. Stents were placed at the lesion after predilatation in some patients and primarily in other patients. Almost complete dilatation was obtained in every patient without any permanent adverse event. Bradycardia and mild hypotension due to vaso-vagal reflex was observed in two patients with carotid stenosis until next day after treatment. TIA was experienced in two patients with carotid stenosis. No further ischemic events were observed during the short-term follow-up period. Usefulness of stenting for major cerebral artery stenosis was indicated by our initial results. Stenting will play an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease in the near future, though the development of better stents for the cerebral arteries and long-term follow-up are mandatory.
  • 小島 昭雄, 永田 泉, 秋山 義典, 岩間 亨, 中原 一郎, 坂井 信幸, 戸高 健臣, 橋本 信夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 615
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 秋山 義典, 岩間 亨, 永田 泉, 橋本 信夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 616-619
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The study of the structure of atherosclerotic cartoid plaques has its place in the explanation of the onset of neurologic symptoms. In order to investigate possible relationships between carotid plaque morphology and clinical events, 121 endarterectomy specimens were studied clinicopathologically. Each specimen was examined for gross and histopathological features.
    The following plaque characteristics were present: ulcer formation (63 plaques, 52.1%), intraplaque hemorrhage (57 plaques, 47.1%) and fresh thrombi (32 plaques, 25.6%). All three findings were closely correlated with the presence of symptoms. Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia did not significantly correlate with plaque characteristics. Diagetes militias had strong correlations with plaque characteristics, especially intraplaque hemorrhage.
  • 間瀬 光人, 片野 広之, 山田 和雄, 伴野 辰雄, 渡辺 賢一, 飯田 昭彦
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 620
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 斎藤 勇, 橋本 信夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 621
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 八木下 勉, 貫井 英明, 宮澤 伸彦, 西ケ谷 和之
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 622-626
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Surgical outcome of 905 ruptured intracranial aneurysms were retrospectively analyzed in relation to presurgical Hunt and Kosnik's clinical grade, location of aneurysm, timing of surgery and patient's age. Causes of poor outcome were also analyzed in the cases with unfavorable outcome. Seven hundred nine cases had good outcome and 196 cases had poor. Presurgical poor grade resulted in unfavorable outcome; about one third of grade III and two thirds of grade IV had poor outcome. Cases who underwent early surgery tended to have poor outcome, because of more cases with poor clinical grade. Aged patients had worse result, because of poorer grade and of worse result in grade I, II and III than young patients. In 196 cases with poor surgical result, primary brain damage (PBD) was the most often (45.9%) cause of poor outcome, and vasospasm (VS) was the second (28.1%). PBD was the major cause of poor result in grade IV and V; VS was so in grade II and III. In vertebrobasilar aneurysms brain damage from surgical procedure sometimes resulted in poor outcome. Early surgery and enough treatment for vasospasm are recommended for ruptured aneurysms. Surgical outcome of elderly patients and cases with poor presurgical clinical condition should be improved.
  • 池田 幸穂, 山本 保博, 諫山 和男, 佐藤 秀貴, 布施 明, 直江 康孝, 村上 守, 大橋 一善, 寺本 明, 高木 亮
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 627-631
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    A retrospective analysis has been investigated about the optimal perioperative management of 200 consective subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients admitted to the Advanced Critical Care Emergency Center of Nippon Medical School in recent two years. 82 cases were males and 118 cases were females. Of the 200 patients, 130 were in poor grade (grade IV and V) including 27 patients in cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) condition. 89% of the patients were group 3 and 4 according to Fisher CT classification. The algorithm in the acute management of SAH can be classified into prehospital phase and hospital phase. The hospital phase can be further classified into resuscitative phase, diagnostic phase, operative phase and postoperative neurointensive care phase. Of 21 patients with rebleeding, 6 cases were in prehospital phase and 6 cases were in diagnostic phase. Based on these findings, in prehospital phase strict control of blood pressure and sedation is recommended during transfer. Three dimentional CT angiography is less invasive and very useful in the perioperative management of SAH. The introduction of endovascular occlusion with GDC coil and brain hypothermial treatment will have the possibility of improving the overall prognosis of severe SAH.
  • 重症度分類の時間推移と予後
    鈴木 倫保, 太田原 康成, 土肥 守, 工藤 明, 小川 彰
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 632-635
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Pathophysiology of severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still unclear. Neurological grading of SAH, such as WFNS grading, is popularly employed to select patients with severe SAH for radical surgery. Although the cases of whom grade improve after admission are often encountered, preoperative sedation or barbiturate and/or hypothermia therapy mask the improvement of neurological grade. These let us to analyze natural course of WFNS grade of patients with severe SAH and the outcome.
    Forty-four patients with WFNS grade IV-V on admission were enrolled in this study. The patients received mannitol and/or ventricular drainage, were observed without neuroleptics or analgesics for 12 hours under control of blood pressure, and the then WFNS grade was re-evaluated. When the patients showed grade III or better, radical surgery was performed.
    90% of patients with grade IV on admission showed III or better 12 hours after admission, and received radical surgery. However, less than half of patients with grade V on admission showed IV or better, and only 30% of them received radical surgery. Over 80% of patients received radical surgery showed good prognosis. These results suggest that WFNS grade after 12 hours observation may help to determine the indication of radical surgery for severe SAH.
  • 予後不良因子として考察
    下田 雅美, 小田 真理, 富永 二郎, 熊坂 明, 津金 隆一
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 636-639
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    過去5年間に急性期手術を施行された脳内出血を伴わないWFNS grade 4,5のくも膜下出血(SAH)74例を対象に多変量解析により術前における予後良好因子を検討した.特にpacked intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)に対しては直視下に血腫除去術を試み,その手術成績を併せて検討した.結果,74例中31例,42%が予後良好であった.統計学的に予後良好因子とされたのは,入院時GCS11または12,packedIVHを認めない,心疾患既往がないの3点が挙げられた.このpackedIVH(18例)の臨床的特徴は多くがWFNS grade5で入院時GCSは全例9未満,11例の出血源が前交通動脈瘤,全例予後不良であった.packedIVH例の予後不良である理由を考察した.
  • 上之郷 眞木雄, 柴田 尚武, 米倉 正大
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 640-644
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Favorable timing of aneurysmal surgery for aged group (≥70 year-old, group A) and non-aged group (≥70 year-old, group B) were evaluated on 1789 patients who were admitted within 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and in which cerebral aneurysms were verified with angiogram. Late surgery (day 11 or later) showed significantly favorable results compared to early surgery (within day 3) in all grades of SAH (Hunt and Hess classification) in group B and in good grade (I, II) in group A. Patients with late rebleeding (day 4 or later) before surgery and patients who did not undergo surgery because of vasospasm or initial damage were added to a group of late surgery and they were defined as a late management group. In group B, early surgery revealed higher incidence of favorable outcome than late management in grade I-IV. In group A, late management showed better result in good-risk group (grade I, II), whereas early surgery yielded the significantly higher incidence of favorable outcome than late management in poor-risk patients (grade IV). These results suggest that early surgery is recommended for aneurysmal surgery in non-aged patients regardless of severity. It is also indicated that for aged group, late surgery on good-risk patients and early surgery on poor-risk aged result in better outcome.
  • 直達術か血管内手術か
    佐野 公俊, 加藤 庸子, 金岡 成益, 早川 基治, F.B. Singh, 神野 哲夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 645-649
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the development of endovascular treatment, mangement of intracranial aneurysms has been changing. There are several merits and demerits in either mode of treatment. However, in cases of ruptured aneurysms, subarachnoid hemorrhage itself makes the patient's condition critical and not due to the existence of aneurysms.
    Retrospective study of 437 cases of cerebral aneurysms including 345 SAH cases over 4 years period has been reported. Out of 345 cases, surgical clipping was performed in 254 cases and endovascular treatment was done in 26 cases. No treatment was performed in 65 cases. In direct surgical treatment group, morality rate was 9.8% and good recovery was seen in 75% of cases. In endovascular intervention group morality rate was 42.3% mainly because of severity of their neurological grading and older age. Six out of 26 cases had complications such as leakage of contrast medium (ruptured) in 4 cases, embolic infarction 2 cases. We have discussed which type of treatment suitable for the aneurysm cases, considering permanent cure.
  • 坂井 信幸, 滝 和郎, 中原 一郎, 秋山 義典, 戸高 健臣, 岩間 亨, 永田 泉, 大脇 久敬, 井坂 文章, 青木 友和, 橋本 ...
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 650-653
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 軽度低体温療法および血管内手術を用いて
    入江 恵子, 長尾 省吾, 河井 信行, 中村 丈洋
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 654-660
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    破裂脳動脈瘤による重症くも膜下出血患者を中心に,軽度低体温療法および血管内手術を用いた多角的治療を行った.動脈瘤破裂により大きな側頭葉血腫を形成し,術前に両側瞳孔散大し対光反射消失が認められ,従来救命困難と考えられた例において軽度低体温療法を併用してクリッピング術を行ない良好な結果を得た.また,脳血管攣縮に対しては,軽度低体温療法を行ないながら経皮的血管拡張術や塩酸パパベリン動注療法を行ない,CBFの良好な改善が認められた.一方,塩酸パパベリン動注療法によっても神経症状の改善が得られなかった例に軽度低体温療法を行ない,低体温施行中のCBFがcritical levelを推移したにもかかわらず復温後は良好に改善し,独歩退院可能であった例も経験した.しかし,軽度低体温療法で脳血管攣縮の進行を阻止することはできず,復温により攣縮が高度になった例も経験したので,今後さらに適応を含めた臨床検討が必要である.
  • 永積 惇, 福内 靖男
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 661
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 内村 公一, 下鶴 哲郎, 新納 正毅, 門田 紘輝, 倉津 純一
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 662-668
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of argatroban on neurological symptoms and activities of daily living (ADL) was evaluated in 68 acute cerebral thrombosis patients. Disturbance of consciousness and nurological symptoms improved significantly as a result of treatment with argatroban. ADL evaluated using the Barthel Index improved significantly from day 3 of treatment.
    Stratified analysis of ADL was conducted with respect to infarct region, time of starting treatment after onset, and types of cerebral thrombosis. For infarcts in the territory of deep perforators, ADL improved significantly from day 3 of treatment regardless of whether treatment started within 12 hours or more than 12 hours after onset. Cortical infarction improved significantly only when treatment started within 12 hours after onset. Both of lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction improved significantly from day 7 of treatment. The evaluation suggested that argatroban is useful for the treatment of acute cerebral thrombosis. In the case of cortical infarction, which results in severe ischemia and rapidly progresses from ischemic penumbra to infarction, it is important to start treatment with argatroban as soon as cerebral thrombosis is diagnosed.
  • とくにアルガトロバンおよびオザグレルナトリウムについて
    山田 圭一, 浅井 直樹, 西村 進一, 吉川 幸弘
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 669-672
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    1997年1月から12月までに経験した脳血栓症75例について,臨床病型別および薬剤別に神経症候改善率を比較検討した.その結果,ラクナ梗塞(lacunar infarction:LI)にオザグレルナトリウム,アテローム血栓性脳梗塞(atherothrombotic infarction:ATI)にアルガトロバンを投与していた群では,その反対にLIにアルガトロバン,ATIにオザグレルナトリウムを投与していた群に対して,有意に神経症候改善率が高く(p=0.0048),臨床病型に即した薬剤の選択が重要であると考えられた.また,アルガトロバンをLIとATIに投与した場合には神経症候改善率に有意差はなく,アルガトロバンはLIにも有効であったが,オザグレルナトリウムをLIとATIに投与した場合には神経症候改善率に有意差(p<0.001)が認められ,オザグレルナトリウムはATIに対する有効性に劣るという結果であった.
  • プラセボを対照として二重盲検比較試験
    山口 武典, 佐野 圭司, 高倉 公朋, 斉藤 勇, 篠原 幸人, 浅野 孝, 安原 一
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 673-677
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of ebselen, a seleno-organic compound with anti-oxidant activity, was conducted in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Ebselen or placebo granules suspended in water (150mg b.i.d.) was orally administered within 48 hours of onset, and was continued for 2 weeks. Major end points were the outcome of patients at 1 month and 3 months after the start of treatment. The modified Mathew Scale and modified Barthel Index scores at 1 and 3 months were also studied as secondary outcome measures. Three hundred and two patients were enrolled in the trial. Both intent-to-treat anaylsis of 300 patients (151 given ebselen and 149 given placebo) and protocol-compatible analysis of 242 patients (118 given evselen and 124 given placebo) revealed that ebselen treatment achieved a significantly better outcome than placebo at 1 and 3 months, respectively. The improvement was particularly significant in patients with cortical artery infarcts and who received ebselen therapy within 24 hours of onset. There was a corresponding improvement in the modified Mathew Scale and modified Barthel Index scores. These findings suggest that ebselen may be a promising neuroprotective agent in the acute stroke.
  • 雨宮 志門, 濱本 真, 永山 寛, 大久保 誠二
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 678-682
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is emphasized as a cause of cardioembolic stroke. However little has been investigated about the role of early anticoagulation for preventing early recurrence in elderly cardioembolic stroke patients with NVAF. Here we present the results of early anticoagulation therapy using low-dose heparin in elderly patients with cardioembolic stroke and NVAF, and compare them retrospectively with the rates of recurrence and hemorrhagic accident in untreated patients. Forty-one elderly patients who were admitted to our hospital from July 1992 to May 1998 with NVAF were treated with low-dose heparin (5000 IU/day) immediately after cardioembolic stroke (H+ group, mean age; 84.9). Only one patient (2.4%) suffered recurrent embolism, and 11 patients (26.8%) showed hemorrhagic infarction on CT within 28 days after the initial stroke. Severe hemorrhagic complications were not observed. In a control group (H - group, mean age; 80. 1), who were admitted to our hospital from July 1986 to July 1992 and treated only with conservative therapy, recurrent embolic stroke occurred in 6 (16.2%) of 37 patients, and hemorrhagic infarction was found in 15 (40.5%). Significantly fewer patients suffered recurrent embolism in the H + group than in the H - group (p<0.05). There was no significant different in the occurrence of hemorrhagic infarction between the two groups. We conclude that acute anticoagulation using low-dose heparin is employed safely, and prevent recurrent embolism during the acute phase in most elderly patients.
  • 側副血行・残存血流の評価の重要性
    古口 徳雄, 小林 繁樹, 八木下 敏志行, 景山 雄介, 荷堂 謙, 宮田 昭宏, 中村 弘, 佐藤 章, 渡辺 義郎
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 683-688
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    We studied 33 patients with thromboembolic stroke in carotid territory treated with superselective intra-arterial fibrinolysis with aspecial attention to collateral flows and residual cerebral blood flow (CBF). Patients were divided into four subgroups by the location of thromboembolus. Group M2 with occlusion at M2 or more distal portion of the middle cerbral artery (MCA) contained 13 patients. Group MI-D with occlusion at distal M1 portion of MCA, without ischemia of perforators' area of MCA, comprised 9 patients. Group M1-P with occlusion at proximal M1, with ischemia of perforators' area, consisted of 8 patients. Group IC with occlusion at the intracranial internal carotid artery contained 4 patients. Collateral flows and residual CBF were evaluated by angiography, dynamic CT and SPECT.
    100% of patients in Group M2 and 78% of Group MI-D had favorable outcome. However, 57% in Group M1-P and 50% in GroupIC were unfavorable, especially 43% in the former and 25% in the latter died because of hemorrhagic transformation. The evaluations of angiography, dynamic CT and SPECT showed poor collateral flows and residual CBF in all unfavorable patients.
    We conclude that locations of thromboembolus, collateral flows and residual CBF, as well as the time from onset, are very important factors in indication for acute fibrinolytic therapy in thromboembolic stroke in carotid territory.
  • 宇野 淳二, 河島 雅到, 宮園 正之, 中村 隆治, 魏 秀復
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 689
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 柳原 武彦, 田村 晃
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 690
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 鈴木 仁志, 阿部 康二, 東條 伸一郎, 北川 久, 木村 勝彦, 水柿 道直, 糸山 泰人
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 691-697
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    ラット中大脳動脈閉塞(MCAO)モデルを作成し,anti-rat P-selectin monoclonal抗体・ARP2-4投与による脳虚血障害への影響を,局所脳血流(rCBF),脳水分含量,梗塞サイズ,CDlla,CD18およびHSP72における免疫組織化学,そしてアポトーシスの関与についてはTUNEL法により検討した.rCBFの測定では,閉塞直前のrCBFはVehicle群(21.2±8.4;n=5)とARP2-4投与群(18.9±6.8%;n=5)の問に有意差はみられなかった.しかし閉塞8時間後では,Vehicle群(24.2±11.8%;n=5)と比較しARP2-4投与群(55.4±11.7%;n=5,p<0.02)においてrCBFの改善が認められた.脳水分含量の結果では,Vehicle群(85.6±1.1%,n=6,p<0.01)と比べARP2-4投与群(81.8±2.0%,n=8,p<0.002)では有意な水分含量の減少を示した.梗塞サイズのANOVAによる比較検討では,Vehicle群と比べARP2-4投与群において梗塞範囲の有意な減少が認められた.CDlla,CD18およびHSP72における免疫組織化学では,CDIla,CD18共にVehicle群ではMCA領域において好中球の浸潤が認められたが,ARP2-4投与群で著しい減少がみられた.また,HSP72蛋白発現は,Vehicle群においてMCA領域の神経細胞に発現がみられた.しかしARP2-4投与群においてその発現数は有意な減少を示した.TUNEL法によるアポトーシスの関与については,Vehicle群の,MCA領域に染色が認められた.その数は特にMCA領域周辺部で著しかったが,ARP2-4投与群では有意な減少を示した.これらの結果よりARP2-4は脳虚血障害に対する脳保護効果が示唆された.
  • 林 健, 阿部 康二, 糸山 泰人
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 698-703
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)は血管新生,内皮細胞保護作用を有し,心筋梗塞や下肢虚血モデルにおける治療的有効性が報告されている.一方,本因子は血管透過性亢進作用も有するゆえ,脳梗塞においては本因子が障害を増大している可能性も考えられる.そこで今回,本因子の虚血再灌流による脳障害に与える影響について調べた.
    Wistar rat一側MCA90分虚血後の再灌流直後,VEGF(1ng/μl)をgel foamにて障害側脳に局所的に投与した.24時間後の梗塞巣をTTC法にて対照群と比較し,脳浮腫及びevans blue(EB)の血管外漏出も定量的に比較した.また,TUNEL法及びHSP72免疫染色を用いて神経細胞障害について比較観察した.
    梗塞巣はVEGF群にて有意に減少(18.4±2.1%vs.33.2±4.2%;p<.01),水分含有率上昇も軽減し(81.5±0.8%vs.84,9±2.1%;p<.05),EB漏出も減少した(8.8±1.3μg/g tissue vs.15.0±2.1μg/g;p<.01).また,TUNEL陽性細胞はVEGF群にて少なく,HSP72染色性もより軽度であった.
    VEGFの虚血再灌流脳障害への保護効果を示した.血管新生誘導のみでは24時間後の障害軽減は説明できず,本因子の血管保護・血流改善作用がその機序として考えられる.
  • 竹伯 仁則, 長尾 哲彦, 井林 雪郎, 北園 孝成, 藤島 正敏
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 704
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 村上 謙介, 近藤 健男, Pak H. Chan, 吉本 高志
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 705-708
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    ミトコンドリアに局在するmanganese-superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)の活性が低下した遺伝子欠損マウス(Sod2-/+)と野生株を用いて,局所脳虚血におけるMn-SODの役割を検討した.脳主幹動脈の構築,及び虚血時の残存脳血流率には差異は認めなかった.rhodamine123(Rh123)を用いてミトコンドリア傷害を比較したが,虚血4時間後では有意差を認めなかったものの,24時間後ではSod2-/+で有意に進行していた.また虚血24時間後の梗塞体積,虚血側大脳半球拡大率ともSod2-/+で拡大していた.TUNEL染色を用いてDNA断裂化についても比較したが,有意差は認められなかった.以上より,Mn-SODはミトコンドリアの恒常性を維持しnecrosisによる虚血神経細胞死を抑制することが示唆された.
  • 砂ネズミ海馬スライスモデルを用いて
    明田 秀太, 鎌田 喜敬, 中瀬 裕之, 平松 謙一郎, 榊 寿右
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 709-713
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    ラットにおいてchemical preconditioningとして報告された神経毒3-nitropropionic acid(3-NPA)による耐性現象が種を変えても同様に存在するかどうかを調べるために,砂ネズミにおいて中毒症状を起こさない投与量(subclinical dose)を決定し,その投与量で海馬スライスモデルを用いて海馬CAl領域の低酸素負荷に対する3-NPAによる耐性誘導を電気生理学的に検討した.(実験1)各投与量(4,5,7,10,20mg/kg,各n=8)の3-NPAを腹腔内投与し,臨床的・組織学的に検討した.その結果,中毒症状をおこさず組織学的にも障害を起こさない4mg/kgを用いて以後の実験を行った.(実験2)3-NPA(41ng/kg)を腹腔内投与3時間後に砂ネズミ海馬スライスを作製し,低酸素を負荷し,3-NPA投与群(n=13)と生理食塩水を投与したコントロール群(n=18)とを比較検討した.両群の興奮性シナプス後電位(fEPSP)には差はなかったが,低酸素負荷開始から脱分極までの時間はコントロール群84.5±34.4秒に対し,3-NPA投与群203.2±78.0秒と有意に延長した(p<0.0001).8分間低酸素負荷後のfEPSPの回復率は,コントロール群23.2±15.3%に対して,3-NPA投与群80.9±33.1%と有意に改善を認めた(p<0.001).以上より,少量の3-NPAによるchemicalpreconditioningは砂ネズミ海馬スライスでの低酸素負荷に対しても認められ,その機序として低酸素負荷後の脱分極までの時間の延長による作用が示唆された。
  • 時女 知生, 野崎 和彦, 杉野 敏之, 菊池 晴彦, 橋本 信夫
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 714
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
  • therapeutic time windowの検討
    有井 孝子, 神谷 達司, 有井 一正, 片山 泰朗, 赫 彰郎
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 715-719
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    FK506 is an immunosuppressant widely used in liver, kidney and bone marrow transplantation. Recently, some authors have reported on the neuroprotective properties of FK506 in vitro and in vivo, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action it exercises in experimental stroke remains uncertain.
    In former reports, we have already demonstrated that intravenous injection of FK506 (0.3 mg/kg) reduces the ischemic cortical damage when administered immediately after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The present study invistigates the therapeutic time window for FK506 in transient focal ischemia in rats. The left MCAO were occluded for 2h by intraluminal suture and reperfused for 24h. FK506 reduced the cortical infarction volume by 44% and 45%, when administrated 30 min and 60 min after the onset of ischemia, but had no neuroprotective activity when administrated 120 min after ischemia. This effect is unlikely to be due to the reduction of brain edema, since there was no difference in edema in FK506 treated and vehicle treated groups. These results suggest the therapeutic time window for FK506 administrated intravenously is between 60 min and 120 min, because of efficacy to ameliorate neuronal damage at 60 min but not at 120 min, and that FK506 is a novel candidate for clinical application for ischemic stroke, and is likely to be more effective with less side-effects than present medical strategies for ischemic stroke in human.
  • 吉田 義弘, 池松 真也, 王 沙燕, 後藤 正道, 筒井 順一郎, 村松 喬, 納 光弘
    1998 年 20 巻 6 号 p. 720-724
    発行日: 1998/12/25
    公開日: 2009/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    ミドカイン(MK)は胎児期に発現する蛋白であり,ラット実験的脳梗塞で梗塞周囲に強く発現し,修復に関与すると考えられる.酵母作製ヒトMKを用いてスナネズミ遅発性神経細胞死に対する効果をみた.60~80g雄性スナネズミ脳ブレグマ外側2mm深さ2mmに生理食塩水2μ1と共に脳室MKを投与した.その直後に両側総頸動脈を5分間結紮し全脳虚血を作成,7日後4%パラホルムアルデヒドで灌流固定,HE染5μmの標本で海馬CA-1神経細胞の生存数を数えた.非虚血群で272±44/mm(平均±SD,n=13),MK非投与虚血群は10±10/mm(n=11),MK2μgでは236±40/mm(n=4),1μgで222±11/mm(n=5),0,5μgで232±18/mm(n=5),0.25μg投与でも神経細胞数の減少少なく有効であった.
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