繊維学会誌

しわのある布の曲げ変形挙動

長井茂明, 都竹初稲, 稲垣勝彦

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. 169-173
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_169

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The bending deformation behavior of fabrics folded by a linear creased line, such as the pleat, was mechanically analysed in the case of bending perpendicular to the creased line. The geometrical deformation of the fabric with a creased line formed by bending was regarded as a pyramid which was made up by the truss beams with triangular fabrics. By the use of the pyramidal truss model composed of four truss beams and fabrics allowing buckling, the bending deformation of the fabric with a creased line was discussed. The deforming process by bending was classified into three stages concerning the changing of bending angle β perpendicular to the creased line. At the first stage, the creased angle α was un-changed, but the buckling power P of the fabric part and the distance L between two ends of the truss beams were changed. At the second stage, all of α, P and L were changed, and at the third stage, only P was changed. The range of β at the second stage was found to be closely related with the weight of the fabric and the bending rigidity El. The larger the El of fabrics is, the narrower the range of β at the second stage. This fact indicated that the creased line rapidly disappears.

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直鎖状ポリフェニレンスルフィドの溶融紡糸

田中克史, 羽田司, 小山清人

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. 174-180
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_174

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The experimental study on melt spinning was carried out for a linear type poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS). The thermal properties and crystallization behavior were examined by dilatometry. The glass transition temperature of the PPS was 91°C and the melting temperature was 288°C. The crys-tallization temperature at the cooling rate of 2°C/min was 252°C. The Avrami's exponent of the crystallization isotherm was 2. Although these values of linear type PPS were similar to those of conventional type PPS, melt spinning was possible for linear type PPS, but not for conventional type PPS. The maximum strain rate of running filaments was about 50s^-1 under the spinning condition of extrusion temperature of 300°C, extrusion rate of 1.89×10^-3cm³/s, and take-up speed of 108m/min. The maximum strain rate was the same to that of a liquid crystalline polymer at melt spinning. The region of elongational deformation was very narrow and close to the spinneret in the same manner as with melt spinning of mesophase petroleum pitch. The elongational viscosity of the deformation region ranged from 4×10³ poise to 1×10⁶ poise, which was higher than that of conventional polymer melt spinning. The temperature at solidification point of the running filaments was 140°C. The elongational stress during attenuation process was simulated by a constitutive equation of the Bogue-White model. Good prediction of the elongational stress along spinline was obtained by using single relaxation time, similarly to the case of melt spinning of petroleum pitch. Molecular orientation and mechanical properties of PPS fibers were also investigated. Molecular orientation and Young's modulus of as-spun PPS fibers increased with an increase in their molecular weights. Young's modulus of PPS fibers was much higher than that of isotropic PTFE sheets.

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絹フィブロインキャスト膜の物性に及ぼす溶媒組成の影響

梁傳信, 平林潔

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. 181-185
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_181

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The silk fibroin membrane was obtained by the solvent casting method. The effect of the concentration of calcium chloride in solvent on the molecular structure and the mechanical properties such as strength, elongation and Young's modulus of fibroin membrane was investigated. The content of calcium chloride absorbed by fibroin increased with increasing the concentration of calcium chloride in solvent and approached to the absorption equilibrium at concentration above 3M, The coordinated absorption of calcium chloride on fibroin residues may be restrained at the high concentration of calcium chloride. As calcium chloride molecules penetrated into the non-crystalline and crystalline regions of silk fibroin and expanded the intermolecular space, the cleavage of fibroin by hydrolysis and the hydrogen bond breaking occurred. The fibroin membrane cast from 2M of calcium chloride solution showed the highest value of elongation, because the hydrogen-bond breaking and the cleavage of fibroin slightly occurred at this concentration.

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過酸化水素による鉄(III)-羊毛錯体の分解

深津和彦

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. 186-191
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_186

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鉄(III)-羊毛錯体と過酸化水素混合系において,種々のpH条件下で過酸化水素及び羊毛繊維の分解挙動について検討した。鉄(III)-羊毛錯体による過酸化水素の分解は,鉄(III)イオンによる分解に較べて小さく,鉄(III)イオンによる過酸化水素の分解は,一次不可逆反応式によく一致するが,鉄(III)-羊毛錯体による分解は,この式に一致しない。錯体の配位数はpHにより変化することから,この錯体の構造が過酸化水素の分解に影響しているものと考えられる。羊毛繊維の分解はpHに依存し, pHが低いほど分解が促進されることが観測され,過酸化水素の分解量との相関が認められなかった。羊毛繊維の重量減少は,羊毛ケラチン分子のペプチド結合の切断により,水溶性フラグメントが生成し,羊毛繊維から抽出されるため起る。

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ポリエチレングリコール前処理ポリエステル繊維の低温プラズマ処理による表面特性の改質

後藤徳樹, 脇田登美司, 田中逸雄

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. 192-197
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_192

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Polyester fabrics were pretreated with poly (ethylene glycol) with average molecular weight from 400 to 10, 000, and then low temperature plasma treatment were carried out using air, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon. After washing with hot water or home laundering, antistatic, hydrophilic, and oil release properties of the treated polyester fabrics were measured. The change in fiber surface structure was analyzed by ESCA. A polyester film sample was also treated by oxygen plasma after the poly (ethylene glycol) pretreatment. The surface free energy of the film was calculated from the Zisman plot and the extended Fowkes equation. Polyester fabrics with excellent antistatic, hydrophilic and oil release properties were obtained by low temperature plasma treatment after poly (ethylene glycol) pretreatment. These properties were retained after heat treatment and repeated home laundering. The ESCA analysis confirmed that pretreated poly (ethylene glycol) reacted with the polyester fiber during the low temperature plasma treat ment.

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機能紙の概念および研究開発の歴史と現況

稲垣寛

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P195-P201
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P195

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バイオ・メディカル関連機能紙-その理念と範ちゅう-

小林良生

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P202-P206
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P202

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エレクトロニクス関連ペーパーの概念

久保嶋勝巳

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P207-P214
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P207

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情報・通信関連機能性シートの概念

桐ヶ谷喜一

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P215-P219
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P215

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製紙会社からみた機能紙開発の問題点

エアーフィルターメディアの例

長谷川久, 数森康二

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P220-P224
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P220

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製紙研究と機能紙の接点を求めて

尾鍋史彦

1990 年 46 巻 5 号 p. P225-P229
発行日: 1990/05/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.46.5_P225

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