完全快晴時の大気中の気圧・気温・湿度の垂直分布がゾンデ観測によって既知の時に地表面での大気放射フラックスを計算する電算機プログラムを開発する.現用測器による観測値や従来の理論計算値と比較すると,このプログラムによる計算値には充分な精度がある.このプログラムによって計算した館野・稚内・鹿児島の3地点における大気放射の値を用いて, Brunt型実験式について検討する.その結果, Brunt型実験式のpercentofreduction (以後, P. R. と記す)は96%弱が限界であり,冬季には著しくP. R. が低下することがわかる.これは接地逆転の影響によるものと思われ,水蒸気圧の項の係数を接地層下層の気温減率の関数にすれば,P.R.は98.5%に達する.館野で決定された最適公式は,館野と稚内との間では汎用公式として利用できるが,館野と鹿児島との間では困難である.

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This paper is devoted to give examples of the “Gozoku” settlements and moated settlements iii several districts of Japan, and to descrike the regional differences in scale, structure, physiognomy, subordinate relations and place names of the “Gozoku” settlements.
It follows that the “Gozoku” settlements in the mountainous districts are different from those in alluvial fans in Iwate Prefecture. There are differences in scale, physiognomy and economic life between setlements in the Tohoku district and in Plokuriku district located in the alluvial fans. Particularly the “Gozoku” settlements in the Kinki district are completely different from those in the Tohoku district in the form, settlement of place name, subordinate relations through their history of development. Moated settlements have their own respective origins and functions. These settlements are considered to be largely affected by their own regional characters.

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Fruit farming of decidous tree has developed in the Eastern Japan. Furthermore, the Tsugaru Plain is the largest apple producing region in Japan. In Hirosaki City, the center of the Tsugaru Plain, we had a symposium concerning the fruit farming, during the fall meeting of the Association.
The summary of papers presented by reporters are in the following. (I) Norio Natsumura (Chiba Shoka Univ.): Apple cultivation in Tohoku District was started when the seedings had been supplied by the Home Ministry, while pioneers of the cultivation were landlords. Since they wanted to have marketable crops, they chose apple cultivation.
(2) Yuzo Ishikawa (Akita Kita High-school): Fruit growing regions in Akita Prefecture are divided into the Yokote Basin and the Hanawa Basin. In the Yokote Basin, where farmers adopted cooperative production system, there has been an increasing fruit production. On the contrary, in the Hanawa Basin, there has been a decline in it.
(3) Hiroyasu Aoki (Nakano Primary-school in Nagano Prefecture): The Nagano Basin is also an apple producing region. Since 1965, multi-fruit cultivation has been intro duced to produce pears and grapes as well as apples, replacing the traditional mono culture of apples. (4) Hiroshi Sasaki (Tsukuba Univ.): Vineyards in the Kofu Basin have intensively been cultivated in order to get fresh eating grapes. However, as grapes cultivation in Germany is different in the purpose to make wine, the same types of grapes can be produced in the small scale farms in the Kofu Basin. Here the consolidation of arable lands has been promoted to increase the production.
Comments and discussions
Studies on the relationships among fruit farming and paddy field farming, problem of circulation system of fruits, infuence of urbanization and industrialization on friuit farming, connection about technique of fruit cultivation and formation of the place of production are important.
These are the conclusions which we have reached in this symposium.

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This symposium is a continuation of the last year's symposium. The surrounding area spatially corresponds to the Burgess' Second Zone Zone in Transition. But the blighted areas, where a distinct feature of Burgess's Second Zone could be seen, are not clearly observed in the Japanese cities. The area becomes the mixture of residential and commercial functions or of residential and industrial functions. The deteriorated area where the slum is expanded is situated at the outside of the surrounding area as is seen in Osaka and Kobe. That is the relic of workingmen's houses and of old factories in the past urban fringe, and they have surrounded by later developed urban areas since then.

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The purpose of this symposium was to draw more preasely the curve of postglacial sealevel change and to examine its relationships with the coastal landform development.
The speakers and commentators were as follows; (1) M. Nakayama et al. (on Hokkaido), (2) K. Nitobe (on Aomori Prefecture), (3) K. Omoto et al. (on Sendai Bay area), (4) Y. Toyoshima (on San-in), (5) Y. Ota et al. (on Kikaishima), (6) T. Nakata et al. (on Nansei Islands), (7) I. Akojima (on Jomon sealevel), (8) T. Takahashi (on rock-coast and high sealevel), (9) M. Oya (on some examples from Asian continent), (10) Y. Yoshida (on Antarctica), (11) H. Moriwaki (Review of previous sealevel change curves), (12) T. Wako (Comment on sealevel identification), (13) S. Fujii (Comment on Hokuriku and Atlantic coast), (14) M. Nogami (Comment on glacial mass balance and sealevel change rate).
The problems discussed in this symposium were well summarized by H. Iseki as follows (1) The sealevel changed with fluctuations around Japanese islands and the proposed curves of sealevel change are proved to have some similarities. (2) The identification of former sealevel became more accurate. (3) Possibility of adoption of other dating than radiocarbon method. (4) Need of glaciological examination of sealevel change.

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