As the computer has been developed, increased in size and become generally available, so Quantification Methods have been applied to various fields, e. g. individual behavior modeling and urban environment evaluation. But there are still many problems and some of their applications are unreliable for the practical purpose.
The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of Quantification Method Type II with a special attention to its applicability for Infrastructure Planning. Through a Monte Carlo Simulation experiment, we have made it clear that the reliability is largely determined by three major factors, i. e. the number of samples, correlation ratio and the number of categories. Among them, the number of samples is the most important factor. When the number of samples is insufficient, the results will not be in agreement with the true values.

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Goods transportation is essentially obliged to be carried and unloaded at a destination site at a certain time. In case that the arrival time of a truck trip is constrained in time-geographic space, travel time uncertainty should be recognized as a significant component in deciding the optimum route and departure time. The truck operator must allow a “safety margin” in their departure time in order to improve the probability of arriving on time. This paper quantitatively evaluates retailers' behavior in terms of the probability of being late and travel time savings. The major result is that most retailers of perishable foods accept the risk of being late less than 5% for the starting time of an auction sale at a wholesale market. For the return trips it is found that they attach weight to both of the factors, namely, the probability of being late for the opening time of their shops and travel time savings.

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This paper presents an original disaggregate modal choice modal using user's subjective evaluations of transport services, based on the new behavioral hypothesis. This hypothesis is introduced to explain changes of modal choice behaviors accompanying changes in transport services more strictly, and it implies that modal choice behaviors are not perfectly reversible in transport services changes. In order to reflect this hypothesis in the modal choice modal, user's subjective evaluations of transport services are estimated by each using mode. Those estimations are carried out by using different psychometric scaling modals for different mode-user. From the empirical examinations, it was found that the new modal choice modal is superior to the traditional type modal not only in goodness of fit to the cross-sectional data but also in the prediction of the behavior after the changes of transport services.

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The number of visitors is inevitable data for recreation planning, but now we can not get exact data about it for lack of the method to estimate it. Though it changes day by day, it is impossible to count it directly allthrough the year from the view point of cost and manpower.
Then we propose the method to estimate it to use the statistics about user's number of facilities. Visitors who stay in the recreation area on a day are divided into four kinds. We discuss relations among their numbers and relations between user's number of facilities and them. We propose three types of models through these discussion. and we can get the number of visitors day by day to use these models.
We adapt them to Kiyosato area, and make the effectiveness of the method clear.

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In this study, we develop a model which determines bus service levels considering users' travel behavior in multi-modal road network.
The model is formulated as the 2-level Stackelberg planning problem. The optimal solutions of the sub-optimization problems represent the network equilibrium conditions by mode (cars, buses) under a given bus service level. The main-optimization problem represents the maximization of the users' benefit in the system under the traffic equilibrium conditions.
In order to solve this model, we prove the convexity of sub-optimization problems and replace them with their Kuhn-Tucker's conditions. We also develop both a method by which we solve the 2-level Stackelberg planning problem and an algorithm. In a model network, the applicability of this model is verified.

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This paper deals with characteristics of driver responses in large disturbances. 10-vehicle platoons are employed in the car-following experiment which was held on the test track. The characteristics of driver responses are used for the propagating time of speed disturbances, the relationships between speed and headway of followers. and the followers' trajectories on the speed-platoon length plane. Some characteristics including dynamic behaviors of followers are clearly recognized by using the relationships between follower's speed and platoon length. The results of this study can be applicable for basic informations making a model of car-following behaviors at the bottlenecks on the inter-city freeways.

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In planning and design of an engineering system where risks are potentially included, risk identification and risk estimation are fundamentally important as well as risk evaluation. The present paper focusses on the seismic fire risk potentially included in urban area, and presents a methrd to plan the optimal number of aseismic fire cisterns using Decision Theory.
Decision tree for aseismic fire cisterns is developed and the annual seismic fire risk is formulated based on the decision tree. The objective function for optimal aseismic fire cisterns is presented. Application to Osaka City area shows that the proposed method is rational and useful.

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Effects of roadside buildings height (H), frontage width (BW) and setback (SB) on streetscape unity were investigated. The authors drew 207 streetscape perspective scenes by XY-plotter assigning mean and standard deviation of three building attributes to each scene. These scenes were presented to respondents to rate the sense of oppression, enclosure and unity (disorder-Uniformity). Curve fitting and multiple regression analysis techniques were applied to the obtained data. The results are as follows: [1] The good sense of enclosure is obtained when 0.28≤H/W≤0.97 (where H: average of H, W: street width), [2] The sense of unity is determined mainly by H_σ/H and secondary by SB_σ/SB (where H_σ, SB_σ: standard deviation of H, SB). [3] The good sense of unity is obtained when 0.07≤H_σ/H≤0.33.
These findings will help city planners and town designers predict and estimate ther esults of their plans.

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Diffusion of exhaust gas from vehicles is a complex phenomenon subject to the influences of traffic flow, meteorological condition and so on. In this report, the diffusion characteristics of gaseous substance by various types of road structure were investigated by using the following experimental methods—the diffusion experiment by tracer gas, the concentration measurement of exhaust gas from vehicles around the road and the model experiment in the diffusion wind tunnel. As the result of experiments, it was found that the diffusion parameter near the ground at the roadside area was approximately three times as much as that used conventionally at present. Approach of estimation method was performed, referring to comparison of the calculation results of concentration with experimental results.

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The heavy rain which swept over the Nagasaki districts on 23 July 1982, killed 299 persons and damaged so seriously to Nagasaki city and its vicinity. Roads of Nagasaki city were submerged by flash flood. About 20000 cars were washed away by the flood and let along everywhere. About 20 car drivers were assumed to be killed due to washing away and landslides of roads. This car disaster due to heavy rain fall happened first time in our country. It seems important problems for car disaster prevention are presented.
In the present work. car disaster is investigated by interviews and questionnaire for drivers and car engineers. Damage for cars due to flood and driver behavior are clarified and car disaster prevention is shown.

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One-way streets are the important means which reduce the congestion and increase the capacity of an existing road network without having to construct entirely new streets or street system. In the planning for a one-way street operation, the basic question to be consider is what effect would the proposed new system have on the capacity of existing road network. In this paper, author tried to formulate this question as a 0-1 mixed integer programming problem under consideration of maximizing the road network capacity. An algorithm was developed based on the complementary theorem of linear programming problem. Calculations were carried out for a 10-node network model. The results showed that optimum solution is easily obtained by only solving fewer LP problem as compared with the branch and bound method which is generally used to work out the optimization problem.

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