1961年12月より1962年の冬期間に, 秋田県南秋田郡に属する八郎潟沿岸地域において肝吸虫の流行状況を調査し, 次のごとき結果を得た。
。1) 南秋田郡に属する八郎潟南部地方の10小学校の低学年児童1, 259名の検便では, 最高4.8%の感染率であり, 前回検査した山本郡の小学校の感染率に比して低かった。
2) 八郎潟産の各種魚類の検査では, タナゴ8尾中3尾に肝吸虫metacercariaが認められたに過ぎなかった。
3) 以上のことから, 秋田県における肝吸虫症は, 浅内沼を中心としてその周辺に濃厚に侵淫していることが確認された。

抄録全体を表示

1959年より1963年に至る間に, 秋田県山本郡及び南秋田郡において, 横川吸虫に関する調査を行ない, 次のごとき結果を得た。
1) 19小学校低学年学童について検便を行ない, 八郎潟東岸においては13.3%～48.9%の著しい横川吸虫の侵淫が存することを明らかにした。
2) この地方の魚類の検査の結果, シラウオ, フナに横川吸虫metacercariaを認めた。
3) この地方の住民の魚類の摂食状況を調べたところ, シラウオ, コイ, フナ, ボラが生, もしくは生に近い状態で多く食されていることが分った。特にシラウオの生食は著しい。
4) 以上のことから, この地方における濃厚な横川吸虫の侵淫は, シラウオの生食によることが多いと推定した。
5) 感染者の駆虫により得た成虫の形態を検索したところ, Metagomimus yokograwai (Katsurada, 1912) と同定した。

抄録全体を表示

While the nutritional conditions and mortality rate of sucklings have shown a steady improvement in Japan, there are still some backward areas far below the current levels, inter alia the remote and secluded villages among mountains.We examined 731 sucklings (ranging from 1 to 18 months old) of mountain villages in the middle part of Niigata Prefecture in regard to their physical and nursing conditions.The mortality rates of both new-born and suckling babies and also the cases of diseases among them were upwards of the mean values for the corresponding populations in the whole nation. Both in the male and the female groups, body-weight was on the national level at the time of birth, but fell below it as the month advanced, and the percentage of those weighing less than the average became larger.This tendency was more conspicuous in male than in female babies. Reported cases of artificial feeding were comparatively few, which caused us to suspect that there were not a few babies latently suffering from the insufficiency of mothers' milk.Initiation of ablactation was rather lates less than half of them began to be weaned before they were six months old. And the food used for ablactation was also predominantly inferior. No signigicant relationship was obtained, however, between body-weight, diet and anemia.
These phenomena are considered to be no other than the results brought about by the predicament that those sucklings have to be nursed against adverse conditions.From such point of view we pursued our research.Although the family system in Japan has undergone a drastic change, in remote mountain villages there still dominate the old-fashioned human relations within the family.Mothers have little right to voice there including the matter of child-care.Moreover, since mothers constitute important farming hands, nursing is in majority of cases left to the hands of grandmothers, only 36.8.% of mothers are taking care of their own babies.Under such circumstances, delivery is conducted at home in 94.0%, and doctors are called for in only 10% of the cases. Housewives' work, in addition to farming labor, includes cooking, washing and other chores.Thus they attend to a family of six on an average, with poor equipments at that few families have running water, electric appliances and other benefits of modern life.In agricultural on-seasons, mothers have to cut their sleep to 6-7 hours, and 23%of them are obliged to leave their babies home all by themselves or to bring them out to the field. 71.0% of all the mothers replied that they could not do as they were told by the public health nurses.The amount of money they were allowed to spend specifically for child-care was no more than 1, 000 a month in 80% of the cases studied, and the annual monetary income of the entire family was in the largest number of cases around \50, 000. It is about one-third of the national average income, and supposing there may be some other material income, it is still too small an amount tocover the expenses required for the conduct of child-care in the way deemed more or less satisfactory. They live far from any medical institutions; especially in winter time heavy snowfall being apt to paralyze the traffic, they are almost cut off from the outside world. Geographical inconvenience, low income and the hard labour imposed on mothers are considered to be responsible for the disease incidence of 24.7% among sucklings including mild cases, only half of whom receiving medical care, and for their poor physique mentioned above.
Under the circumstances all that we can do at present is to contrive to offer these villagers as many opportunities as possible for the supply of guidance and consultation in the matter of child-care, and for the prevention and treatment of ailments. However, the basic problem is the improvement of their living environment itself.

抄録全体を表示