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Volume 63, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Senkiti SAKAI1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn ovariectomized mid-pregnant mice, specific prolactin (PRL) binding to the mammary receptor began to increase around 16h of ovariectomy. The effects of an inhibitor of transcription (actinomycin D) and of translation (cycloheximide) on the increase in PRL binding were examined in vivo. Actinomycin D which was administered between 0 and 12h after ovariectomy inhibited the increase in PRL binding, while cycloheximide inhibited the increase by the injection after 16h of ovariectomy. The mammary gland, collected at 24 or 36h of ovariectomy, was incubated in the presence of actinomycin D, cycloheximide or puromycin in vitro. Although actinomycin D showed little or no effect on the amount of PRL binding, inhibitors of translation suppressed the binding significantly as compared with in the absence. It was concluded that the increase in PRL binding caused by ovariectomy was mediated by the initiation of the receptor synthesis. It was suggested that transcription for the receptor synthesis occurred shortly after ovariectomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Takahiro YAMAGUCHI, Tadahiko HOSHINO1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 8-15
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence and distribution of intracellular glycogen and four proteins (myosin, tropomyosin, creatine kinase BB; CK-BB and creatine kinase MM; CK-MM) which are associated with muscle differentiation were cytochemically investigated in three kinds of clonal myogenic cells of swine (sMc-1, sMc-2 and sMc-3). Glycogen was formed in sMc-1 and sMc-3 more than sMc-2. However, there was no difference in the intracellular distribution of glycogen particles. Immunocytochemical staining showed that all four proteins were synthesized in all clonal sMc. For myosin and CK-MM, the elongated bipolar cells that predominate in sMc-1 and sMc-2 cultures were more strongly stained than the flattened cells in their cultures. The staining of CK-MM of sMc-3 was less intensive than that of the elongated bipolar cells in sMc-1 and sMc-2 cultures. However, CK-BB was stained slightly more in sMc-3 than sMc-1 and sMc-2. Tropomyosin was weakly to moderately stained with a similar intensity in all clonal sMc. The data demonstrate that clonal sMc are capable of producing molecules necessary for myogenesis and indicate that three kinds of clonal sMc can be differentially characterized by immunocytochemical analyses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1755K) -
Tomoya USAGAWA1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 16-22
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bloat-controlling effects of monensin (MN) and salinomycin (SLM) were investigated by observing changes in ruminal characteristics via in vitro study, using the rumen fluid of sheep fed a bloat-producing diet. MN and SLM were added to the rumen fluid at the level of 1, 3 and 5ppm (MN), and 1, 1.5, 2 and 3ppm (SLM), respectively. Rumen fluid was collected 2h after the morning feeding from 6 rumenfistulated sheep. After mixing well, it was used for each treatment. MN and SLM addition very slightly affected pH values, gas production values and the ingesta volume increase (IVI) values. The viscosity values for all MN treatments were significantly smaller than the control, and the values for SLM treatments were not significantly smaller than the control except for the 3ppm treatment. The stable IVI values at 2h incubation for the MN 3ppm and MN 5ppm treatments, and the values at 4h incubation for MN 3ppm, MN 5ppm, SLM 2ppm and SLM 3ppm treatment were significantly smaller than the control. From these results of the in vitro study, it is anticipated that both MN and SLM have a bloat-controlling effect, suggesting that MN 30ppm treatment in feed is more effective on a feedlot bloat than SLM 15ppm treatment in feed under the approved dose in feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Ryoji ONODERA, Hiroshi UEDA, Takashi NAGASAWA, Katsuya OKUUCHI, Shigeh ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 23-31
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn in vitro study was conducted to confirm the production of indole (Ind) and skatole (Skt) from L-tryptophan (Trp) by mixed rumen protozoa (P suspensions), mixed rumen bacteria (B suspensions) and their combinatorn (BP suspensions), and to examine the effects of salinomycin (SL) on the production of Ind and Skt from Trp by those microorganisms. The effects of Ind and Skt on the survival of protozoa and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) by those microorganisms were also examined. Rumen microorganisms were collected from a fistulated goat. P suspensions produced only Ind from Trp during a 12-h incubation period. SL stimulated the production of Ind by P suspensions. Both B and BP suspensions produced Skt and Ind. SL almost completely inhibited the production of Skt and Ind by those microbial suspensions. Low concentrations of Ind and Skt (2mM) kept protozoa alive in BP suspensions for a long time, stimulated the total VFA production in B and BP suspensions, and increased the molar percentages of propionate and butyrate in BP suspensions.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
Keiichi TANAKA, Byeng-Sun YOUN, Urip SANTOSO, Shigeru OHTANI, Minoru S ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 32-37
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary fermented products from chub mackerel extracts (fermented mackerel extracts) on growth, carcass composition, contents of various lipid fractions in the liver, the serum and the thigh muscle, and activities of lipogenic-related enzymes in the liver of broilers. Fermented mackerel extracts supplementation resulted in an insignificant slight increase in final body weights of broilers. Fermented mackerel extracts did not affect liver weights, but abdominal fat weights of female broilers were significantly decreased by the addition of 2.0% fermented mackerel extracts. Lipid fraction contents of the serum and the liver of broilers were unaffected by fermented mackerel extracts. Triglyceride and free cholesterol contents of the thigh muscle of broilers were significantly decreased or tended to be decreased by adding 1.0 or 2.0% fermented mackerel extracts. Activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase in the liver were not affected by dietary fermented mackerel extracts. However, activities of malic enzyme, citrate cleavage enzyme and HMG-CoA reductase in the liver were significantly decreased by 1.0 or 2.0% fermented mackerel extracts. Dietary fermented mackerel extracts tended to decrease the proportion of crude fat and to increase that of moisture in broiler carcasses.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Norihide KAKIICHI, Yoshihiko ISHIZAKI, Shuhei TOMITA, Osamu TIO, Toshi ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 38-46
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSources of carbon and temperatures demanded for bacterial denitrification were investigated using denitrifying bacteria consisting of 3 strains (NK-2G, NK-69 and NK-18) isolated from activated sludge of swine waste water treatment and a standard strain, Pseudomonas sp. IFO 13302 (PS). L-asparagine (L-As), sodium acetate (Na-Ac), lactic acid, (Lac-Ac), glucose (Glu), ethanol (E-OH) and methanol (M-OH) were used as carbon sources. The denitrification process was examined at 3 different temperatures; 10, 20 and 28°C. L-As and Na-Ac were the carbon sources that could be best utilized for denitrification. For all the strains except NK-18, the specific denitrification rates were highest at 28°C. For NK-18, the highest rate was obtained at 20°C.PS and NK-2G, unlike the 2 other strains, exhibited high levels of specific denitrification rate, denitrification efficiency and bacterial yeild, and also achieved denitrification at a wider range of temperature and with a larger variety of carbon sources. The 3 strains isolated from activated sludge were all identified to be CDC group VD-1 known as Achromobacter according to the old classification. On the basis of the findings obtained, we further intend to study bacterial denitrification by NK-2G found best suited of the 3 strains isolated from activated sludge for a practical use as a bioreactor.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Norihide KAKIICHI, Shin-ichi SHIBUYA, Kazufumi AKITA, Yukiyoshi SUGIMO ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree bacterial strains (NK-2G, NK-18 and NK-69) isolated from activated sludge and two standard strains (Pseudomonas sp. IFO 13302 (PS) and Paracoccus denitrificans IFO 12442 (PD)) were immobilized by the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and boric acid method. The denitrification efficiency by the immobilized cells of these strains was comparatively investigated. Changes in nitrogen oxide (Nox-N) concentration were examined for 10 days at 20°C and 28°C by the batch process. The highest denitrification efficiency was demonstrated by NK-2G (40-100%). This was followed by NK-18 (20-100%), PD (6.6-93%), NK-69 (0.4-85%) and PS (0.8-56%). The standard strains, PS and PD, achieved lower rates of denitrification efficiency, compared to two wild strains, NK-2G and NK-18. Since this result seemed to reflect the influence of boric acid, the bacterial susceptibility to boric acid was tested for all the strains. The highest resistance was demonstrated by NK-2G which was followed by NK-18, NK-69, PS and PD. The effect of boric acid also appeared in the time course of denitrification during the 10 days. The denitrification efficiency of the immobilized cells, with exception of NK-69 at 20°C, stayed suppressed for the first 4-5 days but increased thereafter. These findings confirmed that NK-2G and NK-18 were the denitrifying bacteria suited for immobilization by the PVA-boric acid method, and at the same time suggested the possibility of utilizing PVA-immobilized cells of these strains as a bioreactor. We intend to pursue a minimization of the effect of boric acid and to carry out a long-term denitrification experiment using PVA-immobilized denitrifying bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
Hiroshi TANAKA, Kazutaka KURODA, Michihiro YONAGA1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 54-59
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiological removal of VFA from animal wastes was studied: 1) A bioscrubber packed with honeycomb tubes was developed for removing aerial VFA. The scrubbing fluid contained activated sludge and operated at the following conditions; the apparent contact time of malodorous air with the fillings 3.1sec, the gas/liquid ratio 3.5l/m3, and the apparent retention time of the scrubbing fluid in a tank 30min. When odors from 1kg of swine feces were introduced to the scrubber with an air flow rate of 1.4m3/min, the VFA were reduced to nearly ND (not detected). In the case of n-butyric acid, the aerial concentrations of 330-835ppb were reduced to 1.7-19.1ppb with average removal efficiency of 98.5%. 2) Swine feces were treated with compost product to removing odors; 1kg of the feces were mixed with 0.2kg of compost product in a beaker and the emitted VFA were determined. In the case of untreated swine feces, aerial VFA including propionic, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acid amounted to several-several tens ppb and decreased to several ppb on 3rd day. While, those from the treated ones were reduced to 70-80% on the mixing and almost not detected on the next day. Such remarkable reduction of emitting VFA was also observed in the feces sprayed with compost product (50g for 1kg of swine feces). Thus, VFA from swine feces were shown to be able to be removed smoothly by biological deodorization methods such as activated sludge and compost product.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Matanobu ABE, Tsunenori IRIKI, Masayuki FUNABA1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 60-65
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal 13 Holstein dry cows were used in 4 experiments to examine the effects of fatty acid composition, particle size, pelleting process and feeding level of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on the digestibility of acidified ether extracts (AEE) and TDN contents. In Expts 1 and 2, AEE digestibilities of CSFA made from palm oil and of a large or small particle size (PFA-L and PFA-S, respectively) were determined. Of the irregular type-particles of PFA-L, about 45% was over 2mm mesh, while about 85% was under 2mm mesh in case of PFA-S. In each experiment, 0 or 400g CSFA was daily added to a basal diet, and AEE digestibilities were estimated from the difference in daily fecal excretions of AEE divided by the daily AEE intake as CSFA. The values thus obtained were 84.0% with PFA-L and 94.3% with PFA-S. In Expt 3, the AEE digestibility of PFA-SP, which was prepared by processing PFA-S into a pellet of 5mm in diameter, was estimated in a similar manner, resulting in the value of 98.0%. Expt 4 was conducted to examine AEE digestibilities of CSFA made from tallow (TFA-L), of which particles about 39% was over 2mm mesh, at two feeding levels of 200 and 400g/d, resulting in the values of 76.7 and 66.1%, respectively. Using the AEE content of each CSFA as a basis of calculation, TDN contents of PFA-L, PFA-S, PFA-SP and TFA-L at 400g/d were 158, 178, 179 and 126%, respectively. The present results suggest that the TDN content of CSFA could be affected by particle size as well as by fatty acid composition, but not depressed by pelleting process. The feeding level may also affect the TDN content, but the AEE digestibilities of PFA-S and PFA-SP at 400g/d were so high that the influence appears to be less when fatty acids are of composition similar to palm oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Seiichi OSHIRO1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 66-71
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to study the effects of light (00:00-12:00)-dark (12:00-24:00) cycles and dark (00:00-12:00)-light (12:00-24:00) cycles on ruminating behavior with three female adult goats. In two experimental conditions, ruminating time under darkness were the same. The diurnal pattern of ruminating time had the lowest value at an hour after darkness independent of time. Thereafter, it progressively increased and was the highest value immediately before light. There was also the lowest value of time required between succesive regurgitation after darkness. Ruminating times during light in two experiments were the same and the diurnal pattern of ruminating time was mostly constant during 12 hours. Number of chews per feed intake was higher in light than darkness and remasticating per feed intake was higher in darkness than light, and total chews (remastication+number of chews) per feed intake were the same in two experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
Yukio YANO, Fumie MURAYAMA, Nobuko KATAHO, Mino TACHIBANA, Toyoo NAKAM ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 72-81
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sirloin meat of bullocks were vacuum packed and stored at 20, 10 and 2°C. These samples were used for microbial, chemical and sensory analysis. In chemical analysis pH, putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), ATP-related compounds, free amino acids and the fragmentation index were measured. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Viable counts of psychrophilic bacteria reached 107 cells/cm2 after 2 days at 20°C, 7 days at 10°C and 23 days at 2°C. In the sensory test, samples were evaluated to be at the initial stage of putrefaction after 2 days at 20°C, 8 days at 10°C and 27 days at 2°C. 2) At 20°C Cad was detected after 2 days and Put was detected after 3 days. At 10°C Cad was detected after 7 days and Put was detected after 9 days but at 2°C Cad and Put were not detected after 29 days. 3) ATP-related compounds, free amino acids and the fragmentation index changed rapidly as the increase in temperature, K values and hypoxanthine (Hx) contents increased linearly. These results suggest that quality control of the conditioning of beef at 10°C seems possible by measuring Cad as the index of the initial stage of putrefaction and Hx as the index of passed days for conditioning.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Akiyoshi MATSUOKA, Takashi AMANO, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI, Yoshitada YAMANA ...1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 82-91
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the authors made clear by using starch gel electrophoresis (SGE) that sarcoplasmic protein (Sp), tetrazorium oxidase (To) and esterase (Es) were available for meat species identification, and that heme protein (Hp), creatin kinase (CK), adenylate kinase (AK) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were stained stronger compared with other 17 proteins and enzymes but could identify only a few animal meat species. In the present experiments, in order to identify raw and cooked cattle, horse, pig, goat and sheep meats, and in order to detect small proportions of contaminating species in fresh binary mixture meats of the different species, proteins and enzymes mentioned above were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAG-IEF).
The soluble proteins of supernatants from fresh meats and meats cooked for 30 min. at 65°C, 75°C and 100°C were separated by PAG-IEF using 1.0mm thick PAG plates (120×230mm) containing 3.0% ampholytes in the pH range 5.0-8.0 and 3.0-10.0. Gels were stained for enzymes in each substrate, for Sp in Coomassie Brilliant Blue R 250 and for Hp in o-tolidin dihydrochloride solution.
The five animal species used in this experiment could be distinguished individually byeither To or Es. Within-species variabilities of Es were confirmed in goats, sheep and pigs, however those of To was not. The results obtained by staining for Sp, Hp and CK showed that these proteins and enzyme were capable of distinguishing between fresh meat from cattle, horse and pig. However, sheep and goat could not be identified. Only a few animal meat species could be identified by staining for AK and PGM.
In detecting different meat species in binary mixture meats, approximately 1 to 5% of the contaminating species could each be detected from distinguishable species by staining for Sp, Hp, Ak and CK. PAG-IEF detected lower proportion of contaminants and reduced the experimental time.
Although the Hp of each animal species decreased in the intensity of staining after heating for 30min. at 65°C, the electrophoretic differences of the meat species were still detectable even after heating at 75°C or 100°C for 30min. except pork. PGM withstood heating at 100°C for 30min. Therefore, the detectable animal species by Hp and PGM were the same as the above-mentioned results for the fresh meat species.View full abstractDownload PDF (3825K) -
Takao FUKUNAGA, Katsuya KOGA1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 92-97
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestibilities of hen ovoglobulin and ovalbumin containing or not containing ovoinhibitor were studied with bovine trypsin, chymotrypsin and human pancreatic juice. With regard to the digestibility of ovopseudoglobulin passed through a chymotrypsinSepharose column followed with heat-treatment in aqueous solution by bovine trypsin, hard heating (90°C, 30 min) was the best, followed in order by soft heating (67°C, 20 min) and nonheating.
Digestibilities of pseudoglobulin (including ovoinhibitor) untreated with the same column showed the similar result to that described above. However, digestibility of the former was higher than that of the latter. With regard to digestibilities of ovoinhibitor (OI) free and OI added ovalbumins after heated in aqueous solution by bovine trypsin or chymotrypsin, soft heating was the best, followed by hard heating and nonheating. Digestibility of OI free ovalbumin was higher than that of OI added one. Furthermore, with regard to ovalbumin after heated in phosphate buffer solution of pH 8.0, hard heating showed the best digestibility by bovine trypsin and soft heating was next. In this case, addition of OI gave no effect on the digestibility. Digestibilities of OI free and OI added ovalbumins after heated in aqueous solution by human pancreatic juice were similar to the result obtained by using bovine trypsin described above, being accompanied with the digestive inhibition by adding of OI.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Toshikazu MIYASHIGE1992 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 98-107
Published: January 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (667K)
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