Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho
Online ISSN : 1880-8255
Print ISSN : 1346-907X
ISSN-L : 1880-8255
Volume 55, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Akihisa SHINJO, Masanori TOMA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 377-380
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was made to determine the breeding season and litter size in the Okinawa meat goat and two populations of goats of the Japanese Saanen breed. The delivery rate for the Japanese Saanen breed in Japan proper was high (79%) in March and April. The percentage of females delivered in March and April was also high (57%) for the same breed in Okinawa prefecture. In the females of the Japanese Saanen breed in Okinawa prefecture, the delivery rates in other months were always higher compared with those in Japan proper. In the Okinawa meat goat, the highest percentage (34%) of delivery was observed in February and March.After March, the delivery rates decreased, falling to 3-6% during June and August, but from November, they increased again, indicating that Okinawa meat goats can reproduce throughout the year. Average litter sizes of the Japanese Saanen breed in Nagano and Okinawa prefectures were 1.9±0.7 and 1.7±0.7, respectively. Litter size at each parity in the populations of those two prefectures increased until the 4th parity. Although they decreased at the 8th parity in Nagano prefecture and at the 7th parity in Okinawa prefecture, no decrease of litter size until the 8th parity was observed in the Okinawa meat goat (average litter size, 1.7±0.6).
    Download PDF (293K)
  • Masakazu IRIE, Kunisuke OHMOTO, Sigeo KUMAGAYA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 381-388
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ultrasonic tomography was carried out for pregnancy diagnosis of sows or gilts with a portable real time ultrasonic B-mode scanner. The probe of the scanner was placed in contact with the abdomen of an unrestrained standing sow. Many gestational sacs (GS) in the uterus appeared on the ultrasonograms during a period of 18-21 days after coitus. Pregnancy was diagnosed by the presence of GS, fetal or embryonic echo. A clear diagnosis of whether they were pregnant or not could be made for almost all pigs tested from 22 days after coitus, and the accuracy rate for pregnancy diagnosis was 100%. Mean diameter of GS increased rapidly (about 6mm/day) until 25 days after coitus (y=6.97x-128.02, r=0.89). GS were mostly circle or oval at their first appearance, and then they changed to various forms. Various sizes of GS were observed in the same animal. Feeble embryonic echo came to be confirmed about 25 days after coitus, and the exsistence of many large GS made the diagnosis easy. In the pigs after mid pregnancy, the body and head of the fetus could be distinguished. Since fetal heart movements could also be observed, recognition of fetal death was possible. The fetuses were distributed irregularly in the uterus in various directions. No abnormalities in litter size and gestation period were observed in the pigs examined. These results indicate that the real time ultrasonic B-mode scan is extremly effective for early pregnancy diagnosis in swine in the field.
    Download PDF (2838K)
  • Tomoya USAGAWA, Ryoji KAWASHIMA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 389-393
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    As part of a study on inhibition of frothy bloat, the inhibiting effect of tallow esters (TE) on frothy bloat was investigated through its in vitro defoaming effect. TE applied in this study were the crude product prepared by subjecting sucrose and beef tallow to alcoholysis using potassium carbonate as a catalyst. Five different levels of concentration (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, control) were used for in vitro study. Rumen fluid was collected from sheep fed a bloat-producing diet. The result of TE addition was that gas production in the rumen fluid during 2hr. of cultivation showed a tendency to increase, and the ingesta volume increase (IVI) also rose simultaneously. However, the stable IVI value, which was used as a criterion for foam stability, was lowered by TE addition (P<0.001). Ruminal pH values were raised by TE addition, and tended to rise as more was added. Though the viscosity of cell-free rumen fluid was not affected by TE addition, the viscosity of cell-inclusive rumen fluid was lowered by TE addition, similarly to the stable IVI value. It is suggested from these results that TE have an inhibiting effect on the occurrence of bloat through the depression of stable foam formation in rumen fluid.
    Download PDF (351K)
  • Koki FUKUHARA, Sadaki YAMAMOTO
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 394-398
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Heart rate (HR) and heat production (HP) of four castrated growing pigs, weighing from 35kg to 58kg, were measured simultaneously using a head cage. 2. There were apparent differences in both mean HR and mean HP for calibrations between individuals and between days. However, a close relationship between HR and HP was shown to exist in each calibration. 3. The prediction error (PE, sy•x/y, %), expressed as a percentage of mean level of y for the sample standard deviation from the regression, were within the range of ±5.7% to ±6.7% for the means of each animal. It is suggested that the HR measurements could offer a practical method of estimating HP of growing pigs. Differences in both regression coefficients and intercepts, at HR 130 (beats/min), were clearly found between days and between individuals. 4. The difference in the intercept between days could be modulated by use of relative heart rate (RHR). The RHR was a ratio of HR to basal HR, which is calculated by substituting the mean value of HP in all animals into the regression equation of each animal. However, the difference in the regression coefficients between individuals persisted. 5. For growing pigs, weighing about 35-60kg, the estimation of HP from a mean group HR with a minimum of 4 pigs was determined to eliminate the need for calibration for individual pigs, using the following equation. Y=-1.095+8.882X, Y=HP (Kcal/W0.75•h), X=RHR (RHR=HR/130.1) The mean value of basal HR was 130.1 (beats/min) for growing pigs weighing 35 to 58kg.
    Download PDF (290K)
  • Shinya MASUDA, Katsumi WAKABAYASHI, Osamu KOGA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 399-408
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)-like gonadotropin binding sites in different sizes of follicles in the hen's ovary were investigated by means of radioreceptor assay (RRA), using rat FSH as radioligand. Follicles were divided into five groups, small white follicles (first phase), white colored follicles (second phase), small size yellow follicles (third phase-S stage), medium size yellow follicle (third phase-M stage) and large size yellow follicle (third phase-L stage). As receptors, follicular wall homogenates including theca folliculi and stratum granulosa were obtained from first two groups of follicles, and granulosa cells and theca folliculi were obtained from second and third phase follicles. The binding of radioligands to the binding sites were competitively inhibited by chicken FSH and LH, whereas highly purified rat LH and TSH hardly affected the binding. The FSH-like gonadotropin binding sites were detected in all the receptor preparations tested, and in case of granulosa cells, the binding level increased at the beginning of third phase of the follicle. Scatchard plots analysis suggested the presence of two kinds of binding sites for FSH in first, second and third phase follicles. No major change occurred in the dissociation constant (Kd) of either kind of binding sites during follicular growth. The binding capacity per 10mg tissue, however, varied during follicular growth, exhibiting the highest value in the receptors obtained from follicles of about 10mm in diameter. From these results it is assumed that two kinds of binding sites are present throughout the growth period of the follicle. The number of the binding sites varried during the growth period of the follicle and reached a peak at the early stage of rapid growth phase. The affinity of the binding sites, however, did not change markedly.
    Download PDF (485K)
  • Ryoya NIKI, Shunrokuro ARIMA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 409-415
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Casein micelles of different size, larger casein micelle and smaller casein micelle, were prepared from skim milk by differential centrifugation and treated with rennet. The firming rate of rennet curd of smaller micelle was found to be higher than that of larger micelle. The firmness of rennet curd of smaller micelle was higher than that of larger micelle. The curd firmness of both samples was found to increase with the micellar concentration: roughly proportional to the square of the concentration. The microstructure of rennet curd was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Renneted smaller micelle were more strongly clustered or fused with one another than larger micelle.
    Download PDF (878K)
  • Tadashi YOSHIMOTO, Toshio TANAKA, Ko MIMURA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 416-422
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The influence of a radiant heat load upon growing pigs kept at a constant temperature of 30°C was studied using 30-40kg Landrace piglets fed ad libitum. Four piglets were used for Experiment I, and six for Experiment II. In each experiment, the piglets were divided into two groups; one group was kept at a constant temperature of 30°C as the control group, another at the same temperature but was subjected to a load of radiant heat (500kcal/m2•hr) using an infrared heater for 6 hours a day. The average rectal temperature of the control group was 39.8°C, while that of the radiated group was 40.7°C, showing a significantly higher temperature(P<0.01). The respiration rates for the two groups were 110 and 164, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the heart rate between the two groups. Daily weight gains were poor in both groups, the latter being significantly poorer (P<0.05). The feed intake was similar in both groups. It was concluded that thermal radiation added to the environment at a constant temperature of 30°C did exert adverse effects upon growing pigs.
    Download PDF (399K)
  • Yoshitaka ONO, Hisao IWAMOTO, Hitoshi TAKAHARA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 423-429
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of androgen on the fiber composition of M. semispinalis cervicis in the cock were histochemically investigated. Six intact cocks, six capons and six testosterone propionate treated capons were sacrificed at 30 weeks of age. Based on the histochemical reactions of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase and NADH-tetrazolium reductase, the fibers of M. semispinalis cervicis were divided into three types, namely types I-R, II-R and II-W. M. semispinalis cervicis, which is a red muscle, has type I-R fibers as the thickest of all fiber types. There was no significant difference in the proportional distribution of the fiber types among the experimental groups. But the diameters of all the three fiber types were significantly smaller in capons than in intact cocks. The difference in the thickness of muscle fibers between intact cocks and capons was more apparent in type II (fast-twitch) fibers than in type I (slow-twitch) fibers. This result suggests that type II fibers have a higher sensitivity to androgen, on which their development in size relies to a great extent, and would work when the muscle is called upon to perform temporary and powerful tasks such as sexual behavior or fighting.
    Download PDF (1057K)
  • Ryozo AKUZAWA, Osamu ITO, Kenkichi YOKOYAMA
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 430-433
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (180K)
  • Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Tetsuya NAKAO
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 434-438
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (258K)
  • Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Takao NISHIDA, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI, Hiroshi TANAKA, ...
    1984 Volume 55 Issue 6 Pages 439-443
    Published: June 25, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (262K)
feedback
Top