All issues
Volume 82 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 371-
- Issue 3 Pages 297-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 82, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Original Articles
-
Toshimi BABA, Chika SHIMIZU, Yuko HASHIMOTO, Yutaka MASUDA, Mitsuyoshi ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of genotype by environment interactions in feeding systems and sire countries for production traits of the first lactation cows in Hokkaido. Phenotypic values were regressed on sire predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) to measure an existence of a scaling effect between two environments. Under considering production traits in each feeding system as different traits, genetic correlations of the traits were estimated by an animal model. The feeding system was classified by grazing, confinement and unknown, and the sire country was classified by Japan, USA, Canada and others. A significant scaling effect was observed in grazing herds. Regression coefficients of PTA of sires from USA and PTA of sires from others countries were higher than 1, whereas, Japan and Canada were less than 1, excluding protein yield in Canada. Their values of Japan ranged from 0.92 to 0.95. Genetic correlations between feeding systems ranged from 0.98 to 0.99, suggesting that national genetic evaluation for Holsteins in Japan does not have to consider the difference in feeding systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
Kazuyuki KONISHI, Miharu YONAI, Takeshi OHYABU, Hideo MATSUDA, Kei IMA ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the normality and similarity of somatic cell clone cattle (SCL), five Japanese Black (JB) cloned heifers obtained from the same donor cells were compared with seven control JB heifers produced by artificial insemination regarding the situation of heat and ovulation, ovarian responses and results of flush following the first superovulatory treatment (SOT) with FSH and PGF2α analogue. The ovarian follicle dynamics by ultrasonography and changes in blood steroid hormone level were monitored daily from estrus before SOT until the fourth day after estrus by SOT or day on flush. The ovarian responses of donor cow and results of flush following SOT were also studied. Rate of transferable embryos was superior in both SCL and donor cow. Similarity within SCL compared to control group was found on the changes in small follicle (below 5mm in diameter) of ovary, interval from PGF2α injection to heat or to ovulation start, period of heat, situation of cumulative ovulation rate and results of flush. Results of SCL in all the studied items did not differ from the results of control group or reports on reproduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
Kazuyuki KONISHI, Miharu YONAI, Kanako KANEYAMA, Tetsuroh BEPPU, Kei I ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 17-24
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate normality and similarity in physiological character of somatic cell cloned cattle (SCL), six Holstein somatic cell cloned primiparous cows derived from the same donor cells were compared with five control Holstein primiparous cows produced by artificial insemination in changes and concentrations of 9 blood biochemistries (albumin (ALB), urea-nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), free fatty acid (FFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP), calcium (Ca))during lactation period. By comparison of each day of blood sampling, concentrations of ALB, TCHO, GOT and γ-GTP in SCL group showed smaller variation compared to control group throughout successive partial days of blood sampling or almost the whole the lactation period. In SCL group, we also observed similarity of changes in 7 biochemistries except FFA and Ca in each period defined as 1-35, 42-91 and 118-284 days after parturition. Concentrations and changes in nine blood biochemistries of SCL group during primiparous lactation period did not differ from results of control group or treatises on metabolic profile test of Holstein.View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
Masato NAKAMURA, Kei-ichi NAKAJIMA, Yuji TAKAHASHI2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 25-34
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the effects of a short dry period on milk yield, milk composition, metabolic profiles, TDN sufficiency rate, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), health, and reproduction during subsequent early lactation in Holstein cows. Twenty-eight cows were assigned to 110-day (control, C, n = 14) or 30-day (shortened, S, n = 14) dry periods. Control cows were fed hay and S cows were fed TMR ad libitum for 30day ; then from 30-day prior until calving, both C and S cows were fed a moderate-energy transition diet. Postpartum, all cows were fed TMR ad libitum for 12 weeks. Milk yield was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in C cows. Milk protein percentage was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in S cows. Average TDN sufficiency rate tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in S cows. Both postpartum BCS loss and BW loss were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller in S cows. Both postpartum weeks at minimum BCS and minimum BW were significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in S cows. Prepartum, S cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, and total protein than C cows. Postpartum, S cows tended (P < 0.10) to be higher serum concentration of glucose. During 6 to 12 weeks after parturition, S cows had significantly (P < 0.05) lower serum concentrations of NEFA. Among parity-3+ cows, the first heat occurred significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in S cows. However, days in first-service, days open, services per conception, and incidence of metabolic disorders did not differ between treatments. Calf BW did not differ between treatments, but gestation length was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter in S cows. Therefore, a 30-day dry period improves nutritional status during the subsequent early lactation in high-producing dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Yuka ABE, Kenta TOSKAR ALEN, Hidetoshi HIGUCHI, Hajime NAGAHATA2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 35-43
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the effects of milking process and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk on the changes in the hygiene and physicochemical parameters of quarter raw milk from lactating dairy cows. We measured the bacterial counts, milk composition,and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of quarter milk with 4 different SCCs : < 10×104 cells/mL-, 10-30×104 cells/mL, 50-400×104 cells/mL, and > 1,000×104 cells/mL. Results : Changes in SCC values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in milk with SCCs of < 10×104 cells/mL, 10-30×104 cells/mL and 50-400×104 cells/mL. Milk fat content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in milk with SCCs of < 10×104 cells/mL and 10-30×104 cells/mL. The concentration of casein in milk decreased gradually during the milking process, and an apparent decrease was found in milk with SCCs of < 10×104 cells/mL and 10-30×104 cells/mL. Changes in NAGase and LDH activities in milk increased in association with the milking process. SCCs were found to be related to the hygiene and physicochemical parameters of milk ; this was evident from the increment of SCC during the milking process. Conclusion : The present results indicate the importance of establishing hygiene measures and understanding the characteristics of raw milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
Yoon-Woo LEE, Hideyuki KANO, Naoyuki YAMAMOTO, Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Aya ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrough consideration of beef consumer preferences and purchasing behaviors in Korea, this project has sought to indicate beef consumer needs and studied the problems in expanding the market for Korean beef consumption. The analysis is based on questionnaire surveys among beef consumer. Differences for each consumer attribute have been verified via the Chi-square statistic. In addition, the problem in expanding the market for Korean beef consumption has been indicated through the use of Hayashi's quantification method type III. As a result, the following points have been made clear. Starting with significant differences found within the following attributes. These being (1) preference according to gender, (2) location of purchase according to family size, (3) purchasing priorities based upon occupational differences and (4) significant variation in trust of domestic beef product based upon consumer gender, family size, and occupational differences. Following this, these steps towards expanding the market for domestic beef consumption have been raised. These are (1) reduction in retail prices, (2) improvement in flavor, (3) creating improvements in the honesty and hygiene on safety of the industry and (4) improvement in packaging of the beef product.View full abstractDownload PDF (647K)
Technical Reports
-
Katutaro OHASHI, Haruo NEGISHI2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 53-60
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a new processing technology for non-heated meat products by drying sliced pork at low temperature after inoculation and subsequent fermentation in commonly used dairy industry lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We determined the microbiological effects of the LAB inoculation counting common coliform bacterial contaminants. Pork slices were soaked for 2 to 24 h in yogurt LAB cultures and fermented overnight in this seasoning liquid ; and then dried at 20°C until the water activity was < 0.87. When pork slices treated with five commercial yogurts were incubated for 2 to 24 h at 37 or 43°C, the coli form group bacteria in the meat products decreased to below the detectable limits. Further, when the meat was fermented for 2 to 8 h at 10 to 43°C using the mixed cultures of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, the coliform count was negative ; whereas the LAB were from 106 to 107 cfu/g in the meat. When pork was spike contaminated with E. coli at 105 cfu/g and fermented with the LAB at 5, 25 and 43°C, the pH decreased to 4.2 after 7 h only at 43°C, the optimum temperature of the LAB and the E. coli count was negative at this temperature. The data suggest the fermentation of pork with LAB has the ability to prevent growth of undesirable bacteria in the non-heated meat products ; especially, fermentation at the optimum temperature of the LAB.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Michiru FUKASAWA, Michio TSUTSUMI, Shigeki EMOTO, Shogo SHINDE, Shuich ...2011 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 61-67
Published: February 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a questionnaire to investigate the occurrence of breakouts of grazing cattle from electric fences and thereby determine the factors that could prevent such breakout. The questionnaire was distributed among farmers whose cattle grazed in the small pastures in 3 prefectures (Yamaguchi, Tottori, and Hiroshima). A total of 106 samples were collected, and 83 samples satisfied the criteria for “electric fence” and “Japanese Black breeding cow”. Among the selected respondents, 47% reported occurrences of breakout. Overgrazing was reported to be the major cause of breakout. “Overgrazing” mainly occurred during the late period of grazing ; therefore, cows should be relocated to another pasture at an appropriate time or provided supplemental food. Malfunction of the equipments of electric fence, such as battery, was the second most common cause. This phenomenon mainly occurred during the early and middle periods of grazing. Therefore, it is necessary to check and replace the equipments of electric fence before grazing. We confirmed that increasing the frequency of checks for the electric fence and electricity prevented incidents of breakout.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|