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Volume 49, Issue 7
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Hirofumi HANADA, Yukio YAMADA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 465-472
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResults of 10 generations of within-litter selection for large 8-week weight of the mouse under two nutritional environments were analysed on the bases of three methods: 1) Average selection differential in two sexes multiplied by mid-parent offspring regression coefficient, 2) average selection differential by linear heritability estimate, and 3) prediction equations recently presented by YAMADA and SCHEINBERD (1976) in which four different parent-offspring paths of genetic transmission with different selection differentials in two sexes and genetic correlation between the same trait measured in both males and females. Pooled heritability estimates over two sexes and 10 generations by regression and linear heritability techniques were .52 and .54, respectively. The genetic correlations between two sexes were significantly deviated from unity, ranging from .78-.85. Expected selection responses were larger than actual gains in all sublines. Among the three procedures for prediction, the last one gave the best fit to the actual response. In this case, the regression coefficients of actual and expected gains on generation numbers were not significantly different each other. The effectiveness of direct selection in terms of the ratio of the realized gain to the expected one was 93% and 79% on the standard and experimental diets, respectively. The predictability for indirect selection gains in other correlated traits was less efficient compared with that for the direct selection, which suggests that high sampling error is involved in estimating genetic correlation.View full abstractDownload PDF (546K) -
Seiichi OSHIRO, Yasuyuki SASAKI, Masao HAMASAKI, Tsuneyuki TSUDA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 473-479
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the different changing pattern of environmental temperature on some physiological responses and the amount of urinary catecholamine (noradrenaline, NA; adrenaline, A) excretion in sheep. In experiment 1, the animals were exposed for 5.5 days to the temperatures of 25°C and 5°C (70% relative humidity) for 12 hours each in a day. The animals in experiment 2 were exposed to the temperature of 25°C, 5°C and 25°C for 7 days each. Concerning the above mentioned criteria, comparison was made between these two experiments. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Exposure of sheep to 25°C caused significantly higher (P<0.01) rectal temperature in experiment 1 (39.3±0.1°C) than in experiment 2 (38.8±0.1°C), while the value was higher (P<0.01) in experiment 2 (38.6±0.1°C) than in experiment 1 (38.0±0.2°C) when sheep were exposed to 5°C. 2) In experiment 1, higher (P<0.01) heart rate was observed at 25°C compared to 5°C, which was not in agreement with the usual observations. 3) Although no significant increase in NA level was detected in experiment 1, the pronounced(P<0.01) variation of A from 0.71±0.08μg/day(20°C)to 1.42±0.46μg/day (at diurnal temperature change) was observed. In experiment 2, both NA and A concentrations increased (P<0.01) from 9.70±1.53 and 0.97±0.05μg/day (25°C) to 17.88±4.54 and 2.74±1.13μg/day(5°C), respectively. As a result of these observations, it was suggested that the cause for the increased amount of catecholamine secretion in sheep urine was due to the low temperature of 5°C per se rather than temperature change from 25°C to 5°C at intervals of 12 hrs.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Yoshihiko WATANABE, Shigenori IKEMOTO, Shozo SUZUKI1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 480-485
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors reported alreadly the blood typing of the cattle red cells by Feijao chumbinho seeds extract. Present paper dealt immuno-chemically with the analyzation of the antigenic structures of FC blood factor. When cattle red cells were treated by dispase, the antigenicity of FC antigen was disappeared, and fc type was changed into FC-like type. However, when they were treated by pronase and bromelin, the antigenicity of FC antigen was increased. The antigenicity was observed on the first fraction prepared with the application of gelfiltration ghost and water-phase by n-butanol method with Sephadex G-200 column. The precipitation coefficient was measured for these fractions by the SDS gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugical method and the molucular weight approximately 75, 000-78, 000 was obtained. On amino acids composition of the first fraction with Sephadex G-200 column, 16 different kinds of amino acid were recongnized. They were found to consist of glutamic acid, threonine, aspartic acid, proline, leucine, glycine, serine, alanine, arginine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine histidine as their component.View full abstractDownload PDF (1491K) -
Kazuo KUMAZAKI, Hiroshi HARADA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 486-493
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSData from 552 Japanese Black bulls produced by 52 sires which were individually fed ad libitum during a 112-day postweaning test at the eight livestock experiment stations were analysed by least squares procedures to study the effects of starting season of test, transferrin polymorphism, initial age and initial weight on some performance traits, and to estimate the heritabilities of these traits. The performance traits studied were average daily gain, TDN consumed per kg gain, rate of roughage intake, end-of-test type score and performance score which were classified on the basis of overall performance merits. High significant differences were found for both average daily gain and feed efficiency among the starting season of test. Average daily gain and feed efficiency of bulls which started test in winter months were about 0.05kg and about 0.2kg greater than those started test in summer and fall months, respectively. Also bulls started test in summer months tended to have lower rate of roughage intake, end-of-test type score and performance score than those started test in the other season months. No significant relationships were found between serum transferrin types and all traits studied. The partial regression coefficients on initial age and initial weight for all traits except rate of roughage intake were highly significant. The negative coefficient for daily gain, type score and performance score on age indicated that younger bulls at beginning of test gained faster and had higher type scores and performance scores than older, while the positive coefficients for these traits on weight indicated that bulls with heavier initial weights showed better results than those with lighter initial weights. However, bulls with heavier initial weights showed less efficient feed conversions. Estimates of heritability for daily gain on test, TDN consumed per kg gain, rate of roughage intake, end-of-test type score and performance score were 0.879, 0.358, 0.405, 0.406, and 0.071, respectively. These high heritability estimates obtained except performance score indicated that considerable genetic progress could be attained by mass selection for growth traits of bulls in Japanese Black cattle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
Soichi IMAI, Masanori KATSUNO, Keiji OGIMOTO1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 494-505
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe species and their distribution of the rumen ciliate protozoa from the cattle, the sheep and the goats in Japan were investigated. As a result of the surveys of 126 cattle, 51 sheep and 10 goats, 16 genera involving 47 species of the ciliates were detected. Fifteen of these species were the new record from Japan. The average number of species per host was approximately 14 in each ruminant, and the average number of ciliates was generally about 5 ×105 per ml of the rumen contents in every host species. The percentage of appearance of each ciliate species (percentage of the number of the species positive hosts against the hosts examined) was the highest in Entodinium spp., especially E. simplex and E. nanellum, regardless of the host species. The ranking of the average concentration of each ciliate species in the rumen was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with the ranking of the percentage of appearance in every host species. On the other hand, the largest number of species detected from a host species was 44 in the cattle, and 13 species of them were detected only in the cattle. Thirty four species were detected in the sheep and 3 species of which were not detected in the cattle. So these species seem to have a host-specificity. However, the results of the experimental transfaunation of theView full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Haruhiro YOSHIDA, Shigenori IKEMOTO, Snozo SUZUKI1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 506-509
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe agglutinin having affinity for the sheep red cells was found in Tulip bulb extract. Positive and negative types of sheep red cells were recognized by the agglutinin. In the absorption test, the agglutinin was readily absorbed by the positive red cells, but not at all by the negative ones. When elution test was carried out on positive red cells with Tulip bulb extract, the agglutinin was eluted. The agglutinin activity was not reduced by 2-Mercaptoethanol treatment, but was reduced by heating. The agglutinin activity was also inhibited by D(-)Fructose, L(-)Fucose, L-Alanine, ε-Aminocapronic acid, L-Arginine, L-Histridine and L-Lysine.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Takato TERADA, Akifumi INOUE, Moriyuki WATANABE1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 510-516
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of some avian and mammalian fresh sera on the motility of cock spermatozoa was investigated with special reference to their spermicidal action. The motility of the spermatozoa in the media containing the fresh serum of cock, hen and tur key hen was almost similar to that in the media containing their heated sera throughout the one hour incubation. Addition of the fresh serum of female rabbit, ewe and male and female ducks at a high concentration into the medium resulted in immobilization of cook spermatozoa within several minutes, while the spermatozoa maintained a vigorous motility throughout incubation in the presence of their heated sera. These results suggest that cock spermatozoa are affected by the spermicidal factor in the mammalian fresh serum, and that the spermicidal factor is inclued in the fresh serum of male and female ducks, but not in the fresh serum of cock, hen and turkey hen.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Hisaya TOBIOKA, Shunzo TABUCHI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 517-522
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA residual analysis of the tissues of steers and sheep treated with hexestrol (HX) dicaprylate was gas chromatographically performed. In trial 1, six steers were injected two times with 60mg HX dicaprylate at the base of their ears and were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks respectively after the last injection. No residue could be detected in the livers of all steers. The residual level in muscle at the injection site of ear-base was 37-532ppb. HX might have gradually disappeared from the region around the ear with an increasing length of period of treatment. Three to fourteen and 42-131 ppb of HX were found in muscle of diaphragma and renal fat, respectively. Both of these tissues accumulated HX to a certain extent independently of the length of the implant period. Trial 2 were carried out with two sheep which were sacrifical 39 days after the administration of 15mg HX dicaprylate. The purpose of this trial was the measurement of residue in three different parts of the body, that is, muscle, organ, and adipose tissues. The liver and kidney contained residue in the range of 5.2-0.2ppb of HX. However, no HX was detected in muscle tissue. A part of adipose tissue was shown to have residue about one tenth less than that measured in steers.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Toshiyasu OGASAWARA, Osamu KOGA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 523-528
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProduction of prostaglandin-like substance by the hen's uterus (shell gland) before and during spontaneous and premature ovipositions was investigated in vitro. The premature oviposition was induced by intrauterine injection of orthophosphate solution 3-4 hr after an egg entered the uterus. Production of prostaglandin-like substance during spontaneous and premature ovipositions was much higher than that before oviposition. The spontaneous and phosphate-induced ovipositions were delayed by administration of indomethacin. From these results, it is suggested that in the hen increased production of prostaglandins by the uterus is related to oviposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Hajime MIYAMOTO, Eimei SATO1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 529-536
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of iron in the rumen mucosa of cattle was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. A great deal of iron was detected in the dark brownish coloured mucosa obtained from adult cattle, while a very small quantity of iron was found in the uncoloured mucosa obtained from fetal cattle. Therefore, it is assumed that the intensity of dark brownish colour depends on the level of iron in the mucosa. In agreement with histological demonstration, iron was localized in the pigments deposited in the epithelium of mucosa. Out of 16 elements (Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Mg, Mn, Os, P, S and Zn) analyzed, calcium, iron, kalium, manganese, osmium, phosphorus and sulphur were detected distinctly in the dark brownish coloured mucosa. Next to iron, phosphorus was found in relatively large amounts and its distribution almost agreed with that of iron. Accordingly, iron may be combined with phosphorus and contained in the pigments in the form of iron-phosphate. Since most of pigments appeared as masses which attached to the outmost layer of epithelium and were negative for melanin test, it is thought that the pigments are not producted in rumen tissue but originated in rumen contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (1464K) -
S. NIIMURA, K. ISHIDA1978 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 537-538
Published: July 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (516K)
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