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Volume 64, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Kazuhiko NISHIMURA, Hirakazu MORII1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 433-439
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of glutathione (GSH) on the motility of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa were studied. Treatment of boar spermatozoa with 5mM GSH before the process of freezing improved the motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa and prevented the production of malondialdehyde. Treatment with GSH increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle, an indicator of the damage to mitochondrial membranes, was significantly higher in spermatozoa treated with GSH than in those without treatment. This increase, due to treatment with GSH, caused an increase in both the ratio of ATP to ADP and the motility of the spermatozoa. Treatment with GSH also increased the conception rate and the litter size. These results suggest that GSH prevents peroxidation of lipids via an increase in SOD activity and improves the motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. As a result, the conception rate and the litter size are increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Noboru MANABE, Takehiko ISHIBASHI, Hajime MIYAMOTO1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 440-447
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composition of the myofiber types classified immuno- and enzyme-histochemically were investigated in 12 muscles (M. masseter, M. trapezius, M. triceps brachii, M. extensor carpi radialis, M. pectoralis profundus, M. longissimus, M. Biceps femoris, M. semitendinosus, M. semimembranosus, M. extensor digitorum longus, M. soleus and M. gastrocnemius) of the obese rats with hypothalamic lesions operated at 25-28 day-old. The cross sectional area of each myofiber type was measured using automatic image analyzer. At 90 days after the operation, in the sham operated control animals (10 male rats), the masseter muscle was uniformly composed of fast-twitch type myofibers (Type IIA and IIB), which reacted for anti-fast-myosin monoclonal antibody and for alkali-stable myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and were unreactive for acid-stable myosin ATPase. In the operated obese animals (10 male rats), however, the masseter muscle had not only fast-twitch myofibers but also slow-twitch myofibers (Type I), which reacted strongly for acid-stable myosin ATPase and were not reactive for anti-fast-myosin monoclonal antibody or for alkali-stable myosin ATPase, and showed a hypertrophy of myofibers. In comparison with sham-control rats, no change of histochemical fiber type composition was observed in other 11 muscles. All fiber types of these 11 muscles of the obese group were smaller in cross-sectional area than those of the sham-control group myofibers. It is suggested that the difference of the fiber type composition between the obese rats and the control rats indicates the transformation of the myofiber types from the fast-twitch type into slow-twitch type. It is considered that an adaptation to long-term jaw movements in the masseter muscle of the obese rats may lead to changes in composition of myofiber types.View full abstractDownload PDF (1237K) -
Shigeru MORITA, Susumu NISHINO1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 448-454
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of hours of access to a mixed ration on the amount of intake and eating behavior in group-reared steers were studied. The rate of eating and probability of an eating bout continuing were compared, with different hours of access to the ration, for 4 steers. The dry matter intake/metabolic body size in 4-, 6- and 12-hour treatments was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in a 2-hour treatment. The time spent eating in a 4-hour treatment was significantly (P<0.05) longer than that of a 2-hour treatment, and shorter than those of 6- and 12-hour treatments. The rate of eating in 2- and 4-hour treatments was greater than that in 6- and 12-hour treatments. The distribution of eating bouts in the 2-hour treatment was non-random. The eating bouts were divided into 2 types, bout length less than or equal to 4 minutes (type A) and longer than 4 minutes (type 13). The distribution of eating bouts in 4-, 6- and 12-hour treatments were random. The probability of the eating bout continuing in the 4-hour treatment was similar to that of type B in the 2-hour treatment, and significantly (P<0.05) higher than for 6- and 12-hour treatments. We concluded that for over 4 hours of access to a mixed ration, the probability of an eating bout continuing did not change, and that the probability of the eating bout continuing and rate of eating were increased by shortening the time of access to the ration.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Hajime TANIDA, Akitake MOTOOKA, Koichiro SEKI, Toshio TANAKA, Tadashi ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 455-461
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn two experiments, the feeding behavior of group-housed pigs using a forward-exit type feeder of a computerized individual feeding system was observed by continuous video recording to assess the relationship between social hierarchy and feeder access in the system. The groups sharing a feeder consisted of 8 or 9 abult pigs. Each pig carried a responder on a collar. Each 24-h feed cycle was programmed to start at 09.00 h. In the preliminary experiment, the frequency of feeder visits which were less than 5 min was about twice as high as the expected value. The swollen vulvas of two sows in the last stage of pregnancy were bitten at the feeder by ones waiting at the entrance. Dominance order of sows and gilts in the main experiment, based on competitive feeding trials, was linear. Dominance order was positively correlated with the duration and number of feeder visits. The more dominant individuals showed significantly more instant feeder returns than did subordinates, and dominance order was generally consistent with feeding order. The results suggested that dominance order of individual animals affected the feeder usage of group housed pigs and that the feeding behavior of subordinate pigs was constrained by interference of dominant ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Motoko ICHIKAWA, Tadao ICHIKAWA, Iwao NOTSUKI, Terushi NAKANO1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 462-469
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMastitis infection is usually confirmed by bacteriologic culturing, but several indirect diagnostic methods are widely used as indicators of mastitis to simplify the procedure and lower the cost. These methods include the measuring of somatic cell counts(SCC), electrical conductivity (EC) and differential value (DEC), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity. However, the diagnosis sometimes differs depending on the indicator used and the time of sampling. To clarify weekly changes in the results of indicators in a mastitis quarter, ten S. aureus infected quarters from 15 milking cows and quarter milk samples from them were examined weekly in order to determine SCC, EC, DEC and NAGase over an eight week period. The ten quarters had been confirmed as S. aureus infected by bacteriologic culturing, and detection of the anti-S. aureus antibody in milk had been confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Though the results of each examination showed considerable fluctuation according to the week, parallel movement patterns were generally observed. However, neither positive results of culture nor ELISA correlation with the patterns were found. When the guideline for mastitis treatment proposed by a government committee was applied to the results of 80 examinations (10 quarters×8 times), percentages exceeding the criteria were 92.5% for SCC, 85.0% for NAGase, 71.2% for EC and 56.2% for DEC. ELISA was useful as a screening test for detecting an S. aureus infected quarter, being more effective for detection than culturing. The determination of SCC and NAGase, not only once but several times, would be the most reliable method for confirming mastitis infection since they are effective and convenient.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Takamitsu AII, Makoto MURAOKA, Fuminori TERADA, Tadashi TUBOKAWA, Shuz ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 470-473
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (239K) -
Hironori TSUKAMOTO, Soichi TSUJI, Hideyuki MANNEN, Yasuhiro FURUICHI, ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 474-479
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing bovine cDNA of lipoprotein lypase (LPL) (triacyl glycero protein acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.34) as a probe, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) have been examined on a herd of Japanese Black cattle. The LPL cDNA insert of plasmid pCD-LPL was divided into two halves using restriction enzymes Bam H1 and Sma I; one is 1.3kb 5'-half containing open reading frame and the other is 1.9kb 3'-half containing 3' non-translated region. Using the 1.9kb fragment as a probe a RFLP was observed only with Hind III out of 9 restriction enzymes examined. The 1.3kb probe gave distinctive RFLPs with Pst I, Hae III, Hind III, Taq I and Msp I. According to RFLP, animals could be divided into three genotypes AA, AB and BB with any of restriction enzymes shown above. Types of RFLP being given with each restriction enzyme related to each other and were expressed as clusters A and B, suggesting these RFLP types observed here are linked each other. It is quite possible that a transposon like insert having five different restriction sites shown above is invertedly inserted at a given site of the LPL gene. Heifers of 116 Japanese Black of a breeding herd were classified into three groups, 15 of AA, 65 of AB and 35 of BB. Gene frequencies of clusters A and B were estimated as 0.418 and 0.582, respectively. It was suggested by an analysis of twenty families from the same herd that A and B RFLP types are codominantly inherited. No relationships between RFLP types and beef marbling standard (BMS) were observed using 20 steer carcasses of Japanese BlackView full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Masaya GESHI, Miharu YONAI, Hirofumi HANADA, Tetsuro KOMIYAMA, Masayos ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 480-483
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of serum on the in vitro development of bovine embryos derived from in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were investigated. Bovine follicular oocytes were matured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% V/V fetal calf serum (FCS) and 0.02AU/ml follicle stimulating hormone. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized by frozen-thawed sperm capacitated with heparin. After IVF, oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% V/V serum [FCS, new born calf serum; NBCS, calf serum, cow serum (day 8 of estrous cycle) or donor cow serum; DS (8 days after estrous on induction of superovulation)], 0.5mM sodium pyruvate and 20mM lactate. Initial cleavage development were evaluated at 54 hours after IVF. Proportion of embryos developed to blastocyst were observed between 7 to 10 days after IVF. The highest proportion of cleaved embryos was observed in FCS and DS groups. The highest proportion of embryos developed to eight-cell and blastocyst stages were observed in DS group. These results indicated that TCM 199 supplemented with DS improved in vitro development of bovine embryos after IVM and IVF.View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Yoko KATO, Ryohei NITTA, Hiroshi TAKANO, Yukio TSUNODA1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 484-490
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of timing of fusion and culture medium on the development of bovine eggs receiving blastomeres from 8-to 32-cell embryos were examined in vitro. Donor embryos were produced from immature oocytes obtained from ovaries following in-vitro maturation, fertilization and culture for 3 to 4 days. Recipient oocytes were also used after in-vitro maturation for 22 hours in media supplemented with various agents. Electrofusion (750V/cm for 50μsec, DC pulses 2 times) was performed at 30 or 40 hours from maturational culture of recipient oocytes. Reconstituted eggs were co-cultured with follicular cells in TCM-199 medium supplemented with hormones (LH, FSH, estradiol) and/or SOD + thioredoxin, or in M16 medium replaced glucose with gultamine. The results obtained were as follows. Overall fusion rate was 31 to 57%. Reconstituted eggs fused at 40 hours developed to 8-cell stage onwards at the higher rate than those of fused at 30 hours (7 to 23% VS 7 to 32%). However, supplements of hormones, SOD + thioredoxin or gultamine did not improve the developmental ability of nuclear transfer eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Osamu YAMAMOTO, Yo ASAI, Ryo KUSUNOSE1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 491-498
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBody weight, height at withers, heart girth and cannon bone circumference of 261 Thoroughbred foals and yearlings at Hidaka area in Hokkaido were measured from birth to 450 days of age and used as parameters to estimate the factors affecting growth of foals and yearlings. In general, colts tended to show larger values than fillies especially in cannon bone circumference and height at withers. At 30 days of age, foals born in May, June and July were heavier than those born earlier. After this period, seasonal differences were observed; foals grew slower in winter and faster in spring and summer. Foals became larger as parity increased, 4th to 9th foals were the largest and then after the 10th foaling they became smaller. Foals of low parity grew slower with respect to body weight gain during the pre-weaning period. Proportional correlations were observed between weight of dams and body measurements of offsprings. The growth rates of foals and yearlings were different at each farm.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Toshiro SUZUKI, Shinji MATSUMOTO, Ikuzo KAMOI1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 499-504
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed at investigating the effects of changes in SH-group concentration on the heat-induced gelation of actomyosin after pressure treatment. The influence of salt concentration (0.1-1.0M KCl), pressure intensity (50-150MPa), pressure duration (5-120 min), blocking of SH-groups by N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM, 2-16mM) and molecular size were also examined. When the KCl concentration ranged from 0.1 to 1.0M, pressuretseated actomyosin showed higher concentrations of SH-groups than non-pressure-treated actomyosin. SH-groups dramatically increased when the KCl concentration was 0.1M. A very clear effect was observed when actomyosin in 0.25M KCl was subjected to pressure treatment above 100MPa. On the other hand, in 0.70M KCl, the effects of the duration of pressure treatment on actomyosin resulted in nearly maximum SH-group concentrations in both 0.25M and 0.70M KCl, when a pressure of 150MPa was applied for 10min. When a pressure treatment of 150MPa was applied for more than 10min, the SH-group concentration remained constant. When actomyosin in 0.25M KCl was treated with NEM prior to pressure treatment, the work required to compress the resultant gels showed a decrease of between 0 and 4mM NEM, but remained constant from 4 to 16mM NEM. However when actomyosin in 0.70M KCl was treated with NEM prior to pressure treatment, there was no change in the work required to compress the gels when NEM concentration varied between 0 and 16mM. Gelfiltration chromatography showed that the molecular weight of pressure-treated actomyosin decreased by about 270k dalton, compared to non-pressure-treated actomyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Masahiro YAMADA, Haruki KITAZAWA, Junko UEMURA, Tadao SAITOH, Takatosh ...1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 505-511
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate biological activities in Lactobacillus acidophilus, the mitogenic activity of the whole cell and hydrolyzed cell wall component (CWC) from 9 L. acidophilus strains were measured using murine spleen cells. Higher activity was generally observed in CWC than ih the whole cell, and was especially high in CWC from JCM strain 2125 (Stimulation Index=3.02 at 100μg/ml). CWC from JCM 2125 was fractionated via DEAE-ion exchange chromatography, followed by activity measurement and chemical analysis. The activity was mainly found in the fractions bound on the DEAE-column, and it was confirmed to be specific to the B-cell of murine spleen cells. Carbohydrate moiety of the active fractions was composed of glucose, Nacetylglucosamine, N-acetyl muramic acid and glycerol. Active fractions contained higher N-acetylglucosamine in their ratio to glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Kazuyuki YAMAZAKI, Yoshitaka FUKAZAWA, Fumihiko NAKAMURA, Kyozo SUYAMA1993 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 512-517
Published: May 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large-scale procedure was developed for the purpose of purifying cytosine and 5-methylcytosine from bovine and porcine lung and thymus. These pyrimidine bases were isolated via an activated charcoal column and silica gel normal phase column. The resolution of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine was achieved on a preparative ODS column using SDS as an ion-pair. Moreover, an ion-pair reversed phase HPLC system was used to determine cytosine and 5-methylcytosine. In the bovine lung, cytosine and 5-methylcytosine content was 2.11 and 2.09mg/g dry weight, respectively, and in the bovine thymus, 3.83 and 4.41mg/g dry weight, respectively. In the porcine lung, these compounds were present as much as they were in the bovine lung.View full abstractDownload PDF (278K)
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