For the purpose of analyzing changes in protein fractions of various body fluids during development chickembryo serum was, first of all, studied paperelectrophoretically all through development, as embryonal environments have an advantage to be classified into two categories, internal and external.
Total protein of chickembryo serum was found to increased along with development of the embryo, is the case with the human fetus, though it was always smaller in quantity in the former than in the latter.
Electrophoretic diagrams were divided into three components during development and five after hatching. In the changes of percentage of the fractions, a serum fraction with the largest rate of flow (SI) showed a decrease in the middle period and an increase thenceforce. SII indicated an increase in the middle period and a decrease thereafter, and SIII a decrease after an increase at the beginning and a constancy after the middle period.
The amount of SI showed a decrease in the middle period of development and, at the end a constancy afteran abrupt increase, though samller than albumin of human fetal serum. SII increased grad ually all through the development, similarly to the changes of α₁-and α₂-globulin, although at the end such sudden increase as was seen in β-globulin was not observed in SII. SIII indicated a steady increaseall the while after fluctuation at the beginning, contrary to the abrupt increase of γ-globulin at the end of gestation.

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Paper-electrophoretic diagrams of residual eggyolk could be divided into four components, which showed the rates of flow changing with the development of the chick embryo. YI was found to increase in percentage abruptly at the end of development, while, on the contrary, YIII showed a sudden decrease in the same period.
The diagrams of residual thin egg-yolk were similar to those of residual egg-yolk. TYIV, however, was not found in all eggs but one.

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The author and HARUMOTO reported in their preceding paper that the oxygen pulse per kilogram of body weight (O₂ pulse) was regarded as one of the effective indices for the level of fatigue after work in the domestic animal. But the O₂ pulse seems to be influenced naturally by many factors. Particularly, air temperature, training, work and metabolic disturbance were taken by the author as important factors affecting the O₂ pulse in this experiment. To study relations between these factors and the O₂ pulse under both resting and working conditions, the author used 5 castrated adult goats, of which 3 were normal and 2 thyroidectomized.
The principal results obtained are as follows:
1. When air temperature was moderate (15°C-24°C), the resting O₂ pulse of the normal goat was 0.073±0.010cc/kg.
2. On the hot day (above 25°C), the pulse rate declined evidently and the resting O₂ pulse increased in the goat.
3. As the experiment advanced, the resting O₂ pulse of the goat increased gradually. This increase perhaps caused by the decline of pulse rate by training for work.
4. Thyroidectomy had a pronounced effect on the resting O₂ pulse of the goat. It decreased the value to 0.064±0.009cc/kg which was considerably lower than that of the normal goat.
5. When the normal goat worked at high temperature (above 25°C), the rising rate of O₂ pulse immediately after stopping work was lower, and its falling rate at 30 and 60 minutes after stopping was more remarkable than that when the animal worked at moderate temperature.
6. The O₂ pulse under working conditions also increased by trainig.
7. As intensity of work increased, the rising rate of O₂ pulse immediately after stopping work decre-ased, and its falling rate at 30 and 60 minutes afterstoppiog increased. It appears that a close relationshipexists between this falling rate and thelevel of fatigue.
8. The thyroidectomized goat could not continue to work over 40 minutes, and its O₂ pulse under working conditions was always lower than that of the normal goat. This fact suggests that the thyroidectomized goat has lower work capacity and gets more easily exhausted than the normal.

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Heated urea containing about 40% of biuret, pure biuret, and a crude preparation containing about 80% of biuret, in daily doses of about 1 to 4% of body weight were given, for 7 to 30 days, to albino rats fed various basal diets and their effects were investigated.
These additions exerted very little effects upon health, growth, pregnancy, the hemoglobin number of blood, and weight of visceral organs of the rats.
They were given 1 g of pure biuret every day with an sufficient amount of rice and experiments on nitrogen metabolism were carried out on them. As a result, it was found that the biuret had been absorbed nearly completely and then excreted into urine also completely, and that the nitrogen had not been retained in the rat body.
After administration of pure biuret, biuret content increased remarkably in the urine but very slightly in the blood.

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Studies were carried out on the chemical composition of Subclinical mastitis milk affected with microorganisms of Strepto-type, Staphylo-type and Micro-type in Holstein, Brown Swiss and Guernsey cows in Hokkaido.
The most marked effects, from a chemical point of view, consisted in the decrease of lactose, the increase of NaCl, electric conductivity, non-Casein N and the catalase mumber. Alcohol and B. T. B. tests proved to be unreliable in the detection of mastitis of this kind and, therefore, not practical.Generally, fluctuations of milk composition and cell numbers were the most characteristic in udders affected with the Strepto-type of the three types. Numbers of Strepto-type organisms became almost negligible within a week after the administration of penicillin, but no udders were found immune.
The four quaters of the udder were not conne cted with one another and secreted milk the composition and bacterial type of which were not the same.

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A method of estimating heritability of all-or-none trait is presented, which is based on two points:(1) In spite of the observed phenotype having only two alternative classes, the distribution of factor combination in the background of the observed phenotype may be assumed normal with a certain threshold, and (2) heritability may be estimated by comparing genetic gain with selection differential
The selection differential on the scale of background phenotype (not observable) measured by its σ can be calculated from the observed percentage of individuals falling in one alternative class, using the well-known relationship l=z/p, where z is the ordinate of the normal curve at threshold and its value may easily be calculated from statistical table. The genetic gain measnred by σ may be computed by the formula
ΔG=pri^-1p₁-pri^-1p₀
where pri^-1 reads “inverse probability integral” and p₀ and p₁ are the percentages observed in the parent and offspring populations, respectively. Knowing P, pri^-1 p can be obtained from statistical tables (Figs. 1 and 2).
Thus, sinceΔG=lh², the formula
h²=ΔG/l=pri^-1p₁-pri^-1p₀/z₀/p₀
will be used to estimate heritability (Fig. 2).
When both of the alternative classes can have their respective offspring populations, heritability may be estimated on the basis of information on the result of selection in both plus and minus directions.
Hence
h²=ΔG±/Δl±=pri^-1p₁I-pri^-1p₁II/Z₀/p0(1-p₀)
where p₁ I stands for the percentage in the population of offspring produced by the parents belonging to one alternative class and p₁ II the percentage among offspring of parents classified in the other alternative (Fig. 3).
Some incidental points and modifications of the method in application are discussed in the example of estimating heritability of twinning in sheep by this method.
The heritability estimates of 0.28 and 0.24 by this method, which are equivalent to 0.13 and 0.11 when converted to those on the percentage scale, were obtained for the twinning in the first and the second lambings, respectively.

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The numbers of progeny produced in 1955 and 1956 by individual bulls in all the cities and counties of Aichi Prefecture were estimated and from these numbers the effective population sizes of dairy cattle were calculated by the formula which was derived previously by the author. The effective sizes in almost all local populations were found to be increasing, while those in the whole Aichi Prefecture decreasing. The cause of this phenomenon was presumed to be be caused by the centralization of bulls which was adopted as a policy by the prefectural government on account of the progress and spread of the techniques of artificial insemination.

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For the purpose of investigating the nitrate content of forage grass and, at the same time, its relationship with the kind of fertilizer applied to the field of a mountainous region (the Shinshu district) of Japan, we carried out an experiment using orchard grass and common vetch which had been grown in five plots. The experimental plots were given different fertilizers, such as sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate plus dicyanodiamide (I and II), ammonium sulfate plus calcium cyanamide. The nitrate content of forage grass was determined at different stages of growth. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The nitrate content of forage grass used in the experiment (orchard grass and common vetch) was found to be not so large as expected, showing that orchard grass and common vetch which were collected simultaneously on June 14 had nitrate nitrogen contents of 0.080 and 0.067 per cent, respectively, as calculated in dry matter.
2. When sodium nitrate was applied as fertjlizer, both grasses indicated a higher content of nitrate in the early stage of growth. On the other hand, when ammonium sulfate was applied, the grasses indicated a lower content of nitrate in the same early stage. But in a later stage of growth, the opposite phenomenon appeared, showing that nitrate contents of both grasses were reduced in a plot of nitrate applied, owing to the occurrence of reduction of nitrate in soil, while the nitrate content increased jn a plot of ammonium sulfate owing to the occurrence of nitrification. This nitrification was depressed jn a short period of time during the early stage of growth by applying dicyanodiamide with ammonium sulfate, but the depression did not continue for a long time, resulting in a rapid increase of nitrate afterward.
3. The nitrate contents of both grasses cut were seen to be low in May, highest in June and lowest in July.
4. As the highest content of potassium nitrate of grass was proved to be 0.5 to 0.6 per cent in dry matter in this experiment, we can consider that there will be no danger of nitrate poisoning even when animals are fed only these grasses in these environments.

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Experiments on moisture absorption of dry original animal fibers were conducted and the following results were obtained,
1) Under definite conditions, dry original fibers showed different contents of maximum moisture absorption.
2) Changing phases of moisture absorption of these fibers are expressed in a common hygroscopic equation, that is,
y=B√k/χ-A
3) The hygroscopic constant (K) specific to each fibers was calculated from the equation by using the constants (A and B) related to time process (x) and moisture absorption contents (y).
4) The reliability of the equation was ascertained from the result that there was good agreement between the theoretical values calculated and the experimental values estimated.
5) The features of the hygroscopicity of animal fibers are considered to be related to their morphology.

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An experimental study was performed with eggs of White Leghorns fed penicillin added to basal ration in order to determine whether the germicidal action of egg white was stimulated by the administration of an antibiotic.
As a result, no significant influence of penicillin was demonstrated in this experiment.
This result can be interpreted from the fact that Escherichia coli, which is susceptible to penicillin but not to egg-white lysozyme, is not inhibited by egg white in shell eggs laid after administration of the antibiotic.
It seems, therefore, that in this experiment penicilllin was not transferred to shell eggs.

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