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Volume 27 (1956 - 195･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 247-
- Issue 3 Pages 161-
- Issue 2 Pages 77-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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TETSUSABURO NISHIKAWA1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 161-176
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
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II On the general composition and carotene-Vitamin A content of eggs of the White Leghorn and Nagoya breeds.MICHIO SAITO, HIDEYO YAMADA1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 177-182
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1 Chemical composition of eggs of two breeds (reared in the same condition and fed the same ration) was investigated.
The water content of both egg white and egg yolk of the Nagoya breed was smaller than that of the White Leghorn breed. The protein content of both egg white and egg yolk of the Nagoya breed was greater than that of the White Leghorn breed. The fat content of egg yolk of the Nagoya breed was greater than that of the White Leghorn breed.
2 Difference was also found in the water content of different layers of the egg white showing the largest water content in the outer thin layer, medium water content in the inner thin layer and the smallest water content in the thick layer. This fact was proved in both kinds of egg, White Leghorn and Nagoya.
3 Even when calculated in 100g of whole egg including egg shell, the egg of the Nagoya breed was indicated to have smaller water content, larger protein and fat content than that of the White Leghorn breed.
4 Distribution of each ingredient in different structural parts of the egg showed that 78% of water of whole egg were found in egg white; 99.9% of fat, in egg yolk;58% of protein, in egg white, and 45% of ash, in egg white. (The ash here mentioned does not contain the ash of egg shell.) This distribution coincided exactly in both kinds of egg.
5 The investigation of carotenoids and Vitamin A content of egg yolk was carried out and an approximate value was obtained in the xanthophyli content (1.1-1.3 mg in 100g of fresh yolk) and β-carotene content (0.2-0.3mg in 100g of fresh yolk) of egg yolk of the two breeds (White Leghorn and Nagoya) when the same basal ration containing 30g of green forage was daily given to each bird, but a different value was obtained in the Vitamin A content of egg yolk of both breeds (White Leghorn, 0.33 mg, Nagoya, 0.53 mg in 100g of fresh yolk) this time.
6 When the same basal ration, but containing more than 1208 of green forage, was given daily to each bird, the xanthophyll content increased to a large extent (to 6mg in 100g of fresh yolk), but β-carotene content and Vitamin A content did not increase proportionally in both breed. In this case also, the yolk of the Nagoya breed contained a larger amount of Vitamin A than that of the White Leghorn, the data suggesting a greater ability of the Nagoya breed in converting β-corotene into Vitamin A.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
III Comparison of the physique between the Tokara pony and other native horses of East AsiaSHIGEYUKI HAYASHIDA, CHUHEI YAMAUCHI1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 183-189
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Tokara pony is a pure native horse of the southern Kyushu in Japan. It is a horse of small type, which cannot be found in any inland of Japan other than southern islands of Kyushu. But, in the prehistoric age, horses of such a small type were living in the inlands of Japan, for example, in the southern Kyushu, and in the neighborhood of Nagoya and Tokyo. This fact is important to determine an origin of the Japanese native horse. So, we wish to compare the Tokara pony with other native horses of Japan and East Asia to elucidate the pedigree of the Tokara pony.
To compare the Tokara pony with others, we insert Tables 3 and 4 which show what position the mean value of 12 characters of the body measured by many authors occupies in relation to the standard deviation of the Tokara pony. The mean values of 12 characters of the Cheju, Miyako, Yaeyama, Hainan and Szechwan horses form a group around the mean value of the Tokara pony, and another group consisting of the Misaki, Kiso, Hokkaido, Mongol, Hailar, Ili and Sappapaitze horses is in the outside of the mean value of the Tokara pony. Consequently, the Tokara pony belongs to a smaller type of these two groups in East Asia.
In East Asia, nowadays, there are two types of horses, a southern small type including the Cheju, Miyako, Yaeyama, Hainan, Szechwan. Yunnan, Kwaichow, Tongking, Annan, East Indies and Ph-ilippine horses and a northern medium type composed of the Mongol, Ili, Hailar and Sappapaitze horses. Horses of the typical southern small type (withers beight, 100-120cm) are kept in mountainous districts of Szechwan, Yunnan and Kwaichow and known as Szechwan ponies and those of the medium type (withers height, l23-136cm, 131.4 cm on the average) are kept in Mongol. We believe that the Tokara pony belongs to the former type.
Some horses of the East Indies and the Philippines are larger than those of Szechwan. From this fact-it is believed that the horses originated from the Szechwan pony were reformed by breeding with the western Asian horses, such as Arabian and Persian horses, and that the Ili, Hailar and Sappapaitze horses were originated from the breeding between Mongolian and Arabian horses.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
II Serochemical properties of antigenic substances and serum types.SHOW SUZUKI, KAZUSIGE MOGI, TATUO HOSODA1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 191-195
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerochemical properties of antigenic substances in the G1 and G2 blood types of goats were studied, and serum types in 133 goats were investigated serologically by means of the classification of hemagglutination with human blood corpuscles. The results were given as follows.
1 Specific antigenic substances in the G1 and G2 blood types of goats were demonstrated in the protein fraction of blood stroma.
2 Two agglutinins (α', β')were demonstrated in goat serum and serum types were classified with four different types called α', β', α', β' and O'. On the whole, both α' and β' type sera showed a weak agglutination reaction(X8) with human blood corpuscles, but α' type sara showed stronger reaction than β' type sera.
3 As for the frequency of goat serum types, the O' type was 47.4%, the α' β' type 23.3%, the β' type 18.8% and the α' type 10.5%. Therefore, the serum types of goats looked like the type of rabbits.
4 Some anti-O and anti-C antibodies were found in goat sera and their frequency was generally low.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
II Heat treatmentKOGO YUSA1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 197-202
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn relation to the heat denaturation of casein particles in cow's milk, studies were performed on the shape and chemical changes of the casein particle with the 50kv electronlnicroscope and the sharples supercentrifugal machine.
At 63, 75, 85, 100, and 125°C. for 30 min., it was observed that the shape was scarcely denaturated until at 100 C., but at 125 C casein particles aggregated and formed bigger particles.
The skim milk was divided with the sharples machine into five fractions and every fraction was tested for nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus contert.
As a result, the casein distribution and calcium and phosphorus contents were very different from those of normal milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (1761K) -
VII The significance of plumage color in the heat tolerance of the fowlSEIKAN OKAMOTO, TAKAO OTSUBO, KIYOHIKO OGAWA, SHUICHIRO MASUMITSU1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 203-210
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to ascertain the significance of the plumage color in the heat tolerance of the fowl, changes in the rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, and skin temperatures at seventeen different points as the effect of direct summer sun light are compared to White Leghorns, Rhode Island Reds, and experimentally colored White Leghorns in imitation of the plumage color of Rhode Island Reds. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Significant differences are found in the body reactions of the experimental groups as the effect of direct summer sun light.
2. By the reactions of the rectal temperature, heart rate, and a majority of the skin temperatures, the groups are arranged in the following order: Rhode Island Reds, experimentally colored White Leghorns and White Leghorns. By the reactions of the respiration rate and the temperature of the extremity of the comb, the order becomes as follows : experimentally colored White Leghorns. Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns.
3. Therefore, White Leghorns are considered to tolerate the heat stress by the. direct summer sun light better than the other two groups. The stronger heat tolerance of White Leghorns will be attributed partly to their white plumage color. However, the rectal temperature and some of the skin temperatures of White Leghorns taken at 26.0_??_30.5°C in the shadow are significantly lower than those of Rhode Island Reds, so that some other factors may be considered in the problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
X. Discoloration of cured meat products under the lightYOSHIO HASHIMOTO, TSUTOMU YASUI1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 211-215
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted experiements on the fading phenomenon of cured meat products in the air.
In the present study we found the following facts :
(1) Although the degree of reddish color of cured meat products decreases very slowly in the darkness, the color of products fades quickly under the light.
(2) When irradiated by ultraviolet rays, the :redness of products decreases considerably in a few minutes.
(3) In cured meat product, the nitrite content, whick varies according to the variation of curing mixture, cannot be effective as a preventive agent against the fading of color by the irradiation.
(4) Ferrous haem pigment(NO-haem derivative), a pigment of meat products, is changed into a different form by the irradiation. It seems that the pigment changes into a stable ferric haem compound.View full abstractDownload PDF (254K) -
I Observations by electrophoretic analysisTSUTOMU YASUI1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 217-221
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurified myoglobin was prepared by means of THEORELL'S modification of MORGAN'S and BORGAN'S purification methods.
Amounts of nitrogen, iron and myoglobin were estimated (as shown in Tables 1-3)and observations also made electrophoretically (Fig. 2-4) at several
stages shown in Fig. 1.
As the result of these experiments, an important stage for the purification of myoglobin has been found to be (II)→(III) stage, in other words, the first fractionation step by ammonium sulfate.
Electrophoretic analysis of the myoglobin preparation which was obtained by these experiments, indicates the presence of two components (shown in Fig. 4 and Table 4), which differ distinctly from hemoglobin (Fig. 5. and Table 4).
Crystalline, purified horse myoglobin reported in this paper and tested by the serological precipitin test, is possessed of the typical behavior of single, homogenous protein.
From the results described above, the accompanying material is determined to be a hemoprotein similar to myoglobin.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
II The relative effect of physical exercise and heat stress on physiological characters in Japanese Black cattleSEIKAN OKAMOTO, TAKAO OTSUBO, KIYOHIKO OGAWA, KAZUO TASHIRO1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 223-229
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelative physiological effects of two hours' moderate exercise at 21°C of average ambient temperature for pulling the sledge used in the authors' preceeding study and of two hours' heat stress under the direct summer sunlight were studied in Japanese Black cattle. Results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) On the body temperature and respiration rate, the similar trend of increase was shown as the effect of exercise and heat stress, in which a significantly large increase is considered as the effect of the former. Therefore, on these physiological characters, some additional effect of exercise and heat stress shall be assumed when exercise is performed under the direct summer sunlight.
(2) On the pulse rate, a gradual increase was shown as the effect of exercise, while no significant change was estimated under the direct summer sunlight.
(3) On the blood lactic acid, a little but significant increase was estimated during first 30 minutes of the exercise, while no significant change was estimated under the direct summer sunlight.
(4) No significant change was estimated on the blood sugar, hemoglobin, blood moisture, blood viscosity, and the sedimentation velocity of red blood cells as the effect of each of the exercise and the direct summer sunlight. However, further studies are indispensable to confirm these insignificant changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
V Effects of work on the pulse rate of goat (2)SHOJI UESAKA, MASANOBU KATO, TADASHI HARUMOTO1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 231-235
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied on phases of the curve of pulse rate after the beginning of a certain work, with special emphasis on the difference observed when the animal was imposed with a overloaded work with which it seemed to have tired before the work, and when it took a rest before the work. Four adult goats were used as experimental animals. We used the same methods as were described in the previous report (IV) of our series of studies, by which the work was imposed on the goat and by which its pulse rate was measured.
From the results of this study we knew that there was a following difference in the relation between three values, namely, 2-min. value (a), 4-min. value (b) and 6-min. value (c) of the pulse rate after the beginning of a certain work, regardless of whether it had been imposed with a overloaded work before the work or not.
When the goat was imposed with a overloadedwork before a certain work: a_??_b+c/2
When the goat took a rest before a certain work: a>b+c/2
Furthermore, we used 4 goats and imposed a certain heavy work on them every day for the sake of training. In this case, the relation among the three values mentioned above was changed from a_??_ b+c/2 to a>b+c/2 at 3 days after the beginning of training. We believe that this change was dependent upon the effect of training in the goat.
From the results described above, we suggest that the value of pulse rate after the beginning of a certain work, especially the 2-min., 4-min. and 6-min. value, may be used as an index of the degree of fatigue and as a tester for pulling performance in the farm animal.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
I. Effect of low carotene ration on carotene and Vitamin A, B1, B2 and C content of serum, liver and other organs of steersTATSUO KOYANAGI, SATOSHI ODAGIRI, SHINICHI HAREYAMA, HARUNOBU NORO, HI ...1956 Volume 27 Issue 3 Pages 237-240
Published: 1956
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the effect of carotene deficiency on animal health, two yearling steers(Holstein and Short Horn) were placed on a carotene-depletion ration consisting of rice straw, potato, wheat bran and soybean oil meal. As control, two steers(Hol-stein and F1) were fed carrot in addition to the depletion ration. At the end of the experiment period of five months, the blood level of vitamin A reached to 14-38γ per ml. of serum, At that time the experiment was terminated.
At slaughter, thiamine and riboflavin of serum, muscle, liver, kidney, rumen, stomach, duodenum, cecum, small and large intestines of the animals were determined and found to have no significant difference between both groups.
The Holstein which was placed on the depletion ration showed the lower ascorbic acid content of plasma, liver, kidney and adrenal than the control Holstein, showing a decline in health caused by the carotene-depletion ration.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K)
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