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Volume 56, Issue 8
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yohji ITOH, Yoshiyuki SASAKI1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 619-623
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSire proofs using field data may be biased by nonrandom mating. In order to make it clear, the results of sire evaluation based on a model including both sires and maternal grandsires were compared with those not including grandsires. The data used were collected on 3, 416 fattening steers shipped from 1974 to 1979 in Kagoshima Prefecture. They were progeny of 68 sires. Traits analysed were carcass weight, DG, dressing percentage and marbling score. The data were analysed by BLUP procedure with numerator relationship matrix. The models included such fixed effects as year, region of origin and age. Correlations between proofs based on two models were very high (0.965 to 0.987), and average changes of rank of the 68 sires were very small (2.0 to 2.6). However, maximum changes of rank were large (13 to 15). Therefore, it is suggested that the bias by nonrandom mating is not so large as the average, but large in some particular sires.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Michinari YOKOHAMA, Yasuko WATANABE, Kazushige MOGI1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 624-627
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hemoglobin (Hb) types detected by starch gel electrophoresis, starch gel electrophoresis in 6M urea and iso-electric focusing were mutually compared and analyzed. At the same time, the gene and haplotype frequencies of Japanese native horses were also studied. The following results were obtained: 1. The A, A/a and a phenotypes of the Hb types according to BRAEND and STORMONT's classifcation1) coincided with the 1, 1/0 and 0 types of the Hb-α (dup.)locus, respectively. Accordingly, the HbA and Hba alleles were considered to be the same marker gene as the Hb-α1 and Hb-α0 alleles. The haplotype A characterised by means of IEF was then specifically observed in individuals with the Hba (or Hb-α0) allele. 2. The Hba (or Hb-α0) gene and haplotype A were observed in four breeds; Hokkaido-, Kiso-, Tokara-and Yonaguni-native horses of the Japanese native horses. The highest frequency was 0.533, for Tokara-native horses. 3. With regard to haplotypes, Noma-native horses only had type BI/BI. The haplotype BI was not observed in Tokara-native horses, but the haplotypes BII and A were observed, being 46.7 and 53.3%, respectively. However, haplotype A was not recognized in Misaki-native horses, although the frequencies of haplotypes BI and BII were 43.8 and 56.3%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (874K) -
Shu FURUYA, Rentaro NAGANO, Yuji KAJI1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 628-633
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of the potassium indicator method using urinary nitrogen and potassium excretion rates for the determination of the protein and amino acid requirements of growing pigs kept in the practical ad libitum feeding condition. The formula used for calculating the retained N(%)is 100-(Kab/Nab)×(Nu/Ku)×R, in which Kab and Nab are, respectively, the digestible K content and digestible N content in the diet, calculated by multipling each concentration in the diet by each digestibility estimated by the Cr2O3 indicator method. Nu and Ku are the concentrations of N and K, respectively, in the urine. The recovery of absorbed K in the urine is shown as R, which is estimated by the relationship between retained K and gain in weight. The first experiment studied the effect of urinary collection time on the N/K concentration ratio with twelve female pigs weighing approximately 50kg. The pigs were fed a practical diet supplemented with potassium (crude protein 12.7% and potassium 0.99%); urine was collected by introducing a catheter into the bladder at six collection periods (14:00, 18:00, 22:00, 6:00, 10:00 and 14:00). In the second experiment, twelve female pigs weighing approximately 53kg were fed rice-soybean meal diets containing from 10 to 19% crude protein to estimate the protein and amino acid requirements by the potassium indicator method. Urine was collected during 14:00-15:00 daily throughout a three-day collection period. The results obtained were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the urinary N/K concentration rations among the six collection periods, though there was a tendency that the ratio sampled during the night was higher than that sampled during the daytime. The result indicates that the time of urinary collection is not critical for the estimation of the retained nitrogen by the potassium indicator method with pigs fed ad libitum. 2) Nitrogen retention (g/day) was increased linearly as dietary crude protein was increased to 16%, and further increase in dietary crude protein was without effect. Using nitrogen retention as the response criterion, the calculated requirements for dietary crude protein and lysine were 15. 2% and 0.76%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
Effect of Milking Interval, Season, Calving Number and Stage of Lactation on Correction ValueTetsuo SATO, Masazumi YOSHINO, Sakon FURUKAWA, Yukio SOMEYA, Kazumoto ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 634-644
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal-milk-solids (TMS) content of milk is one of the most important factors in compositional quality payments, and it is also one of the indexes to judge whether the management system of breeding or feeding is appropriate or not. The TMS content may be obtained by the summation of the correction value and fat, protein and lactose values measured by the infrared milk analysis instrument. Solids-not-fat (SNF) content of milk may also be obtained similarly. Individual milk samples were collected in Awa district (in Chiba prefecture, 12H, 12H-milking interval) during 13 months and in National Institute of Animal Industry (14.5H, 9.5H-milking interval) during 3 years. These samples, morning milk and evening milk, were analyzed for their fat, protein and lactose contents by Milkoscan 203 B (Foss Electric co. ) and for their TMS content by TMS-Checker K 375 A (Anritsu co. ). The alpha-value, or the correction value, was calculated by subtracting the summation of fat, protein and lactose (anhydrous) values from TMS value. The variation of the alpha-value and the principal factors affecting it, i. e., milking interval, season, calving number and stage of lactation, were evaluated. The mean and standard deviation of the alpha-value in morning and evening milks were 1.07±0.108 and 1.07±0.111 in Awa district, and 1.03±0.114 and 0.99±0.126 in N. I. A. I. The mean of the alpha-value was nearly constant due to little influence of the principal factors mentioned above. There was a wide variation of the alpha-value in individual milk samples so that the corrected TMS value should be considered as a roughly-estimated value. However, more precise estimation of TMS value may be obtained in bulk milk samples, because the wide variation of individual milks diminishes in process of bulk milk collection. It should be noticeable that the correlation coefficient between the alpha-value (which corresponds to the contents of citric acid and minerals etc. ) and lactose content was relatively high (-0.5836, -0.6370, -0.5488, -0.5035). The negative correlation between them may reflect the osmoregulatory function for regulating the osmotic pressure of milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Takao NISHIDA, Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 645-657
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe multivariate somatometrical comparisons of 185 birds using 16 body measurements were carried out to clarify the relationship between 12 breeds of Japanese native fowl (Shokoku, Totenko, Koeyoshi, Satsumadori, Shamo, Tomaru, Hinaidori, Katsurachabo, Shinkurochabo, Tosajidori, Gifujidori and Kawachiyakko) and the red and gray jungle fowls. The following somatometrical relations were found: (1) Out of 16 measurements applied in the present study, five limb-bones, i.e., the greatest lengths of tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, humerus and ulna and the circumference of tarsometatarsus showed a great contribution for discrimination of the size and shape of fowl. (2) The red and gray jungle fowls and Gifujidori made one group on the principal component chart. (3) The close relation was revealed between the Satsumadori and the Koeyoshi in both sexes. The size of fowl of these two breeds was close to that of Shamo, whereas the Satsumadori was closer to the Shokoku than the Shamo in the shape. (4) The Totenko took the situation close to the Shokoku on the principal component chart. (5) The Tosajidori was close to two bantams (Chabo) in the size, whereas it was separated from the bantam and took the place close to the Gifujidori and Kawachiyakko in the shape.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Hideki KATO, Soichi Tsuji, Toyokazu FUKUSHIMA1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 658-666
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLow ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity has been observed in two paternal half-sib cows of Japanese Brown breed. The plasma of the cows showed no Cp band on starchgel with o-dianisidine or p-phenylenediamine used as a substrate. The oxidase activity of the low Cp cow was one fifth that of normal cows with p-phenylenediamine used as a substrate. In the other survey, one cow and her offspring showed the same result, but the other cow and her relatives showed normal Cp activity. This result indicates that the low Cp is not primarily due to their sire, but to environmental or seasonal effects. The plasma of the low Cp cows contained small amounts of ceruloplasmin when measured by a single radial immunodiffusion test using anti-rabbit serum against HoloCp. Purified Apo-Cp had extremely poor antigenicity against Holo-Cp antiserum by immuno-electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion tests. Since total Cp content (Apo plus Holo) was almost similar level in both low Cp and normal plasma, it seems likely that a conversion process from Apo-form to Holo-form in the liver was disturbed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2158K) -
Hiroshi SHIMIZU, Daisuke HORIKITA, Hideaki HISAUCHI, Junji UEDA, Yoshi ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 667-672
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe age patterns of dams of dairy cows in Hokkaido herds as well as age patterns in mating to home-bred and foreign-bred bull were investigated. The 658, 810 cows used were born in Hokkaido from 1972 to 1983 and their dams were also produced in Hokkaido from 1960 to 1981. The cows were divided into three groups according to the districts where their sires were produced (Hokkaido, the USA and Canada). The dams mated to Hokkaido sires produced the most cows at 3 years of age and tended to decrease in production after that, while the number of cows from dams mated to American sires showed a distribution with a wide peak followed by a relatively mild decrease. Dams mated to Canadian sires showed a pattern peaking at 4 years of age intermediate among the other two groups. The generation intervals from dams to cows were estimated from these results at 4. 6, 6. 1 and 5. 5 years respectively for Hokkaido, American and Canadian sires' groups. The general tendency was that the proportion of cows produced by dams aged 2 and 3 years decreased, but, on the other hand, that of dams aged 5 to 7 years increased year by year. This yearly trend was consistent among the 3 groups. The yearly average ages of dams mated to Hokkaido sires were consistently younger than those of dams mated to American and Canadian sires, though the differences were only 4 to 6 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K) -
H. DOHI, S. SAKAI, K. KOHMOTO, Y. SHODA1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 673-679
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCatecholamine was extracted from various tissues of mice by Amberlite CG50 column chromatography with high recoveries (more than 90%). Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase column and an electrochemical detector and simultaneously measured by the reading of peak heights on the high-pressure liquid chromatographic recorder. Correlation between the peak height and the amount of standards applied to the column was high (r=0.99). Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were less than 2.6 and 3.0%, respectively. The detection limit (signal/noise>2) was 75 fmol for norepinephrine and 100 fmol for epinephrine and dopamine. When tissue samples were applied onto alumina columns, some unidentified substances were extracted with catecholamines. However, these unidentified substances were removed by selective adsorption to CG50 columns and, even if present, did not interfere with measurement of catecholamine. These results suggest that this method can be generally applied to the measurement of endogenous catecholaminesView full abstractDownload PDF (411K) -
Mitsuo KAWASHIMA, Akihiro SAKAE, Michiharu KAMIYOSHI, Katuhide TANAKA1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 680-681
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (178K) -
4. Reinvestigation on Peroxidation of Vegetable Oil on the Coated EggsKiyoshi YAMAUCHI, Hisashi MURATA, Masataka OKUYAMA, Tomio OHASHI, Seii ...1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 682-684
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (263K) -
Kenji TOGASHI, Hisato TAKEDA1985 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 685-689
Published: August 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (204K)
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