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Volume 68, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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The Effect of New Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide (KP102) on the Release of Growth Hormone in GoatsTsutomu HASHIZUME, Koichi SASAKI, Mikiko SAKAI, Shizuka TAUCHI, Hirosh ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 247-256
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of KP102 (also named GHRP-2), a new growth hormone-releasing peptide, on the release of growth hormone (GH) were examined in female goats. The intravenous (iv) single injection of both 5μg (1.12μM) and 10μg (224μM)/kg BW of KP102 failed to stimulate significant GH release; however, the dose of 20μg (4.48μM)/kg BW of KP102 significantly (P<0.05) stimulated GH release. GH responses to a series of 5iv injections of KP102( 20μg/kg BW) at 2-h intervals increased plasma GH levels after each injection; however, the responses induced by KP102 were different from that by GH-releasing factor (GRF, 0.5μg (29.78nM)/kg BW). The GH responses after the injections of KP102 were a little delayed, and the elevated GH levels gradually decreased to the basal concentrations compared with GRF. Furthermore, small irregular GH peaks that were not observed in GRF appeared throughout the experiments. The GH responses to KP102 were decreased by repeated injections of KP102 as observed in GRF. The responses to plasma GH to a single iv injection of GRF (0.25μg (14.89nM) or 0.5μg/kg BW), KP102 (20μg/kg BW) or GRF (0.25 or 0.5μg/kg BW) plus KP102 (20μg/kg BW) were examined; however, signincant synergistic effects for GH release by both peptides were not observed. The present study shows that KP102 stimulates GH release in goats.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Toto TOHARMAT, Shin-ichi KUME1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 257-262
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight periparturient Holstein cows calving during autumn and winter were fed to meet maintenance or maintenance plus last 2 months of gestation level of TDN for 12 weeks before parturition. Body weight of cows fed at maintenance level was lower than that of cows fed at maintenance plus gestation level. Feed intake at 1 week prepartum decreased 4% of offered feed in cows fed at maintenance plus gestation level, but cows fed at maintenance level consumed all the feed. The restricted feed intake decreased blood hematocrit and hemoglobin as well as rectal temperatures of periparturient cows. The rectal temperatures of cows fed at maintenance level were lower than those of cows fed at maintenance plus gestation level from 10 to 4 d prepartum. The restricted feed intake decreased plasma Fe, Zn and serum alkaline phosphatase of periparturient cows. Colostral Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Zn of cows at parturition were not affected by the restricted feed intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Tsunenori IRIKI, Kaoru YAMAZAKI, Masayuki FUNABA, Matanobu ABE1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 263-272
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHolstein bull calves maintaining reflex closure of the esophageal groove after early-weaning were used to examine the effect of abomasal administration of 0.288g/kg BW/d of L-glutamine (Gln) on nitrogen (N) balance and plasma amino acid concentrations. In Experiment 1, comparisons with the administration of iso-nitrogenous diammonium citrate (DAC) were made from 9wk of age using 10 calves in a reversal method with five replicates and 2wk-period. In Experiment 2, comparisons with that of DAC or iso-nitrogenous mixture of 0.111g/kg BW/d of DL-methionine (Met) and 0.333g/kg BW/d of L-lysine monohydrochloride (LysHCl) were made from 14wk of age using 6 calves in a 3×3 Latin square design with two replicates and 2wk period. Basal ration based on corn, soybean meal and rice straw was fed at 27g/kg BW/d in Experiment 1, and at 20g/kg BW/d in Experiment 2. In both experiments, administration of L-Gln increased plasma Gln concentration only in the absorptive state, but N balance was not affected by abomasal N supplements. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids did not differ between the supplements of L-Gln and DAC except for leucine, but were decreased by administration of DL-Met and L-LysHCl in Experiment 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
Rajeev PRADHAN, Hisaya TOBIOKA, Iwao TASAKI1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 273-284
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of additives and a combination of alkaline or enzyme treatment with that of a nitrogenous compound on improvement for the utilization of rice straw by ruminants were determined. In experiment 1, rice straw of ca 500g dry matter (DM) each was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), urea, ammonia, NaOH+urea, Ca(OH)2+ urea, and cellulolytic enzymes such as clampzyme and cellulase with or without urea adjusting the DM level to 65% or 80% and the effect on the chemical composition and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of rice straw was observed. The pH of the straw increased with NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and urea treatments (P<0.05). The treatment of straw with urea alone or in combination with other chemicals prevented the mold growth except for Ca(OH)2+urea at 80% DM level. The treatment of straw with urea or ammonia increased the crude protein (CP) content (P<0.05). Ammonia formation from urea was partly inhibited by the addition of NaOH or Ca(OH)2. The crude ash content was increased by NaOH or Ca(OH)2 treatment. The treatments lowered the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which was generally lower at 65% DM level than at 80%. At 65% DM level, NaOH and Ca(OH)2 treatments remarkably improved IVDMD depending on the concen-tration of the additives. Urea and ammonia treatment also improved IVDMD, but the extent was not so great. The addition of urea to alkalis showed slight increase on IVDMD. In general, the IVDMD of the treated straws was higher at 65% DM level than at 80%. The improvement achieved by ammonia treatment in experiment 1 was very low. Therefore, experiment 2 was conducted to verify the effect of ammonia on the IVDMD value of rice straw. In experiment 2, rice straw of 5kg DM each was treated with either 6kg urea or 3kg ammonia per 100kg straw DM and the DM level was adjusted to 65%, 72.5% or 80%. Ammonia treatment tended to lower the NDF and hemicellulose content. The IVDMD was higher by ammonia treatment than by urea treatment (P<0.05). The difference in the extent of improvement by ammonia treatment between the experiment 1 and 2 might be due to the different treatment methods. From these results, the treatment with NaOH 2%+urea 4% at both DM levels and Ca(OH)2 4%+urea 4% at 65% DM level seems to be more favorable for higher CP content, prevention of mold growth and improved IVDMD.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Keiji YOSHIMURA, Yasumasa CHONAN, Kunio SHIRAI1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 285-292
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactivities of shark, pig, and bovine skin collagen fibers (abbreviated as SC, PC, and BC, respectively) with formaldehyde and basic chromium sulfate were investigated from the viewpoint of their binding potency and the tanning effects (thermal stability). The denaturation temperature (Td) of SC was lower than those of PC and BC, but the rise in Td (Δ To)by the treatment with formaldehyde was larger than those of PC and BC. Combined formaldehyde was greater than those of PC and BC. It is concluded that formaldehyde has a specifically effective tanning action on SC and the swelling in the initial stage is one of the most important factors in formaldehyde treatment of shark. In the treatment of basic chromium sulfate, the chromium adsorption of SC and PC was obviously inhibited by the addition of sodium chloride. The Td changes of SC and PC were affected by sodium chloride in the initial stage of the reaction, but it did not show remarkable influence on Td in the over-all reaction. Especially, the remarkable difference was not found in the process of Td rising between SC and PC. The Δ To of SC was small in chrome tanning, but it was increased by further processing like neutralization and drying, and eventually the difference between To of SC and PC became small. It is concluded that SC has a distinct reactivity with two different types of agents such as formaldehyde and basic chromium sulfate compared with PC and BC.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
Kazuhiro IKEDA, Ken-ichi TSUTSUMI, Sigeru KIMURA, Sin-ichiro EJIRI, Ju ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 293-296
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have isolated a genomic DNA clone containing a bovine homologue of mouse minisatellite. Southern blot analysis and sequencing revealed that a 6.5Kb BamHI fragment within the clone contained repetitive DNA consisting of tandem repeats with a core sequence GGCTGTGTGT. The cloned bovine minisatellite DNA detected high restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) among individuals when used as a probe, indicating that the probe could be a useful for DNA fingerprinting.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Susumu MUROYA, Fuminori TERADA, Shigeru SHIOYA1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 297-300
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA preliminary experiment to establish a method for maintaining the protein content of milk high in summer was carried out by examining the influence of heat stress on the nitrogen content in true protein, casein, whey proteins, and urea in cow's milk. Four dairy cows were kept in a temperature controlled room (18°C and then 28°C) and were fed on a corn-based concentrate supplemented with soybean meal or soybean meal and fish meal as protein sources. Heat (28°C), compared to thermoneutral condition (18°C), decreased the content of casein-N as well as true protein-N but had no effect on whey-N and significantly (P<0.05) increased the urea-N content in milk. At 28°C, high humidity (80%RH) reduced the contents of true protein-N and casein-N compared to 40% RH. Results of this experiment suggest that heat stress and high humidity conditions have negative effect on the production of milk true proteins and increases urea-N content in milk.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) -
Akemi YAMAMOTO, Motoni KADOWAKI, Teru ISHIBASHI1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 301-304
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine plasma amino acid concentration (PAAC), corpuscle fraction (Ht) and plasma protein fraction (PPF) are removed before determination of PAAC. If both fractions fluctuate widely, the PAAC may be affected by them. Thus, the factors expected to affect PAAC, 1) a diurnal rhythm, 2) times after oviposition, 3) ambient temperature and 4) dietary sodium chloride were studied. Fifteen-month-old Single Comb White Leghorn hens were housed in individual wire cages and given free access to the basal diet and water. In Experiment I and 2, blood samples were taken from the wing vein by veinpuncture five times at two h interval from 9:00 to 17:00, and four times at 0, 5, 10 and 21h after oviposition. In Experiment 3, the ambient temperature was elevated from 16.0, 25.0 to 32.0°C or the dietary sodium chloride from 0.38 to 1.28% at every two days interval successively and blood samples were taken before changing temperature and dietary sodium chloride levels. At all blood sampling times, Ht and PPF remained constant. Water intake and feed intake were affected by ambient temperature and dietary sodium chloride levels, but Ht and plasma water content were not affected by them. These results indicated that it would be possible to use the PAAC as a parameter for determination of amino acid requirements without counting the fluctuation of Ht, PPF and plasma water content caused by diurnal rhythm, time after oviposition, ambient temperature and dietary sodium chloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (257K) -
Hiro-omi YOKOTA, Mitsuaki OHSHIMA1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 305-309
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quality of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage ensiled with 15% untreated (URB) or defatted rice bran (DRB) and with 4% molasses in fresh matter basis in 900ml bottle silos was studied. Two experiments were done with different harvests season of the grass. The silos were kept for 6 months at room temperature and opened at time intervals. Silages of the 1st experiment (dry matter content was 19.7%) ensiled with URB showed higher pH values and ammonia content, and lower lactic acid content. Silages ensiled with DRB, however, contained enough amount of lactic acid to lower pH value. The quality of silages of the 2nd experiment (dry matter content was 13.4%) with URB or DRB was good, although ammonia content of URB supplemented silage slightly increased with time. So, to increase the dry matter with higher quality of napier grass silage, DRB was a better additive than URB.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Keiichi SUZUKI, Hiroyuki ABE, Yuuko OGAWA, Mitsuharu ISHIDA, Takahiro ...1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 310-317
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of terminal sire (Duroc: D, Berkshire: Band Meishan pig: M) on carcass fat accumulation and meat quality of three-way corssbreed were anaflyaed. Three-way crossbred pigs were produced by crossing the terminal sires of D, B or M with Landrace×Large White F1 (LW) dams. Twelve pigs (6 barrows and 6 gilts) from each three crossbreed (LWD, LWB, LWM), totalling thirty six pigs were used in this experiments. All pigs were individually reared and fed full feeding from 30kg to 105kg body weight. The following features of meat were measured: meat color, tenderness and pliability, cooking loss, intramuscular fat content and muscle fiber diameter. The fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat was also determined. The fat area percentage of carcass cross sections of LWM was significantly higher than that of LWD and LWB at all sections of 5th-6th, 8th-9th, 11th-12th and 13th-14th thoracic vertebra, last thoracic vertebra-1st lumber vertebra and last lumber vertebra-1st sacral. The LWM breed has tenderness significantly lower (61.31kgw/cm2) than the LWD (84.13 kgw/cm2) and the LWB (87.22kgw/cm2). The intramuscular fat of LWM (3.23%) was significantly higher than that of LWD (2.32%) and LWB (2.35%) and the cooking loss of LWM was higher than that of LWD and LWB. Furthermore, the cross section area of first muscle bundle of LWM was smaller than that of LWD and LWB. LWM had significantly more oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat than LWD and LWB. These results show that the terminal sire in three-way crossbred fattening pigs has influence on the meat quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Seiji IEIRI, Tetsuro NOMURA1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 318-324
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConsidering the reduction in additive genetic variance due to selection, a method for predicting the rate of inbreeding (ΔF) and response to selection (R) in closed pig herds was developed. Using the method, numerical computations were carried out to evaluate the effects of population size on ΔF and R under three different types of selection; selection based on index including only individual record (IP), selection based on index including individual and full-sibs records (IP+HS), and selection based on index including individual, full-sibs and half-sibs records (IP+FS+HS). Population size considered was the combination of Nm=5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 boars, and Nf=60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 sows. Each sow was assumed to produce two progeny of each sex eligible for selection. Thus the proportion selected was Nm/2Nf for male and 1/2 for female. The initial heritability (h20) was assumed to be 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The rate of reduction in additive genetic variance of selected trait was larger with higher h20 and larger amount of information from relatives. 2) The predicted ΔF was always higher than that expected from random choice of parents. The larger value of ΔF was found under selection with higher intensity and larger amount of information from relatives. 3) For a fixed number of boars, an increase in the number of sows led to an increase in ΔF under selection based on IP+FS+HS. This paradoxical result is ascribed to the fact that the reliability of information from half-sibs increases with an increase in the number of available half-sibs (4Nf/Nm), and so more offspring are likely selected from a family with higher half-sibs mean. 4) For a given intensity of selection, selection based on IF+FS+HS always gave the largest cumulative response. However, this was not true when the selection methods were compared at the same level of inbreeding. For example, in populations with Nf=120 and h20=0.3, selection based on IP achieved a larger response than that based on IP+FS+HS, when the comparison was made at ΔF_??_2%. These results emphasize the importance of choice of population size in establishing closed pig herds.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Satomi ISHII, Masanori KIKUCHI, Shoichi TAKAO1997 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 325-329
Published: March 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bacterial flora was investigated in a traditionally fermented mare's milk in Inner Mongolia, China. The initial bacteria count in the collected samples was 1.5-1.7×107/ml for lactic acid bacteria and 3.9-8.0×106/ml for yeasts, and the lactic acid and alcohol concentrations were 1.06-1.28% and 0.5-2.17%, respectively. The bacteria involved in fermentation were found to be lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. A total of 43 isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria were identified which included Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10%), L. paracasei subsp. paracasei (81%), L. paracasei subsp. tolerans (2%) and L. curvatus (7%). Twenty isolated strains of yeasts were lactose-fermenting yeasts, and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis (95%) and Candida kefyr (5%) were isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K)
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