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Volume 78 (2007)
- Issue 4 Pages 415-
- Issue 3 Pages 305-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 78, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Satoshi YAMAGUCHI, Takayoshi KAWAHARA, Yusaku GOTOH, Yutaka MASUDA, Mi ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 415-425
Published: November 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to compare the fitness of lactation curve models for milk, fat, SNF and protein yields, and fat, SNF and protein contents, and somatic cell score (SCS). Data consisted of 5,645,976 test day records from 1st to 11th lactations obtained from 346,221 cows of Holstein and collected between 2000 and 2004 in Hokkaido Dairy Cattle Milk Recording and Testing Association. Lactation curves with the optimum fitness for each trait were selected from 23 models as follows ; Legendre polynomials of order 1 to 5 (5 models ; L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5), Legendre polynomials of order 1 to 5 combined with Wilmink's exponential function (5 models ; L1W, L2W, L3W, L4W and L5W) and polynomials of order 3 to 5 combined with logarithm and/or periodic functions (13 models). Lactation curve models were compared by using an Akaike information criterion (AIC), a Bayesian information criterion (BIC), a coefficient of determination (R2) and mean residual. In those four criterions, BIC was mainly used, because BIC accounted for not only number of parameters but also number of observations. The optimum lactation curve models for milk, fat and SNF yields, and fat, protein and SNF contents were selected out any one of L4, L3W, L4W and L5W. On the other hand, the optimum lactation curves for protein yield and SCS were polynomial models with logarithm and/or periodic functions. The use of lactation curve models selected in this study would be profitable as a standard lactation curve used for feeding management.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
Kenichi IZUMI, Tomoyuki SUZUKI, Yasuko UEDA, Koichiro UEDA, Masahiko O ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 427-433
Published: November 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between rumen fill and eating and rumination activity was evaluated using four rumencannulated sheep offered alfalfa hay (ALF) or grass hay (GR) twice a day. Ruminal digesta samplings were obtained before feeding (0 h), immediately after the first meal (FM), and at 4 and 8 h after feeding. The particle size distribution of rumen digesta was determined (LP : >5.60 mm ; MP : 5.60-1.18 mm ; SP : 1.18-0.30 mm ; FP : 0.30-0.047 mm ; and SOL : <0.047 mm). Although dry matter (DM) intake of the first meal was not different between ALF and GR, total DM intake for ALF was significantly higher than that for GR (P<0.05). Total eating time did not differ between the diets ; however, the number of meals for ALF was significantly greater than that for GR (P<0.05). Total rumination time and the duration of the rumination period for GR were significantly longer than for ALF (P<0.05). Therefore, the length of rumination time per kg of DM intake for ALF was significantly shorter than that for GR (P<0.05). The amount of ruminal DM contents at FM was quite similar in the two diets. The percentage of LP sharply increased at FM in GR. The change of the pool size of large particles consisting of LP and MP after feeding was similar in both diets. It was concluded that the amount of digesta in rumen signaled the end of first meal.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Akane ASHIHARA, Gou YOSHIOKA, Noriaki IMAEDA, Masato YAYOTA, Shigeru O ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 435-440
Published: November 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to determine the effect of energy and protein restriction during nursing period (from 3 to 28 days of age) on intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation in finishing pigs. Female piglets (n=8) were divided into two groups on two days of age. During nursing period, one group was fed milk substitute to meet nutrient requirements of nursing pigs (Control), and the other was given feed amounting to half of the energy and protein of the Control pigs (Low). Vitamins and minerals were adequate in the feed of both the groups. After the nursing period, all pigs were fed similarly up to the body weight of 115 kg and then slaughtered. Feed intake of the Low group was not different to that of the Control group during growing-finishing period. The body weight gains of the Low group were half that of the Control group during nursing period, but after that the body weight gains of the two groups were the same. The area of muscle fiber and muscle weights in the Low group were lower than those of the Control (P<0.05). The IMF contents and type I collagen contents of muscle in the Low group were higher than those of the Control group at the body weight of 115 kg (P<0.05). In conclusion, the Low group has decreased muscle development and increased collagen content caused by muscle fiber degeneration. Therefore, it was suggested that the restriction of energy and protein during the nursing period resulted in an increase of fat accumulation in the muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Yoshinobu NAKAHASHI, Shin MARUYAMA, Shinji SEKI, Satoshi HIDAKA, Keigo ...2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 441-446
Published: November 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImage analysis for longissimus muscle of Japanese Black steers were performed to investigate the marbling variation with each cut section. Longissimus muscle from the 6-7th rib to the last rib of 12 Japanese Black steers were sliced at a 2 cm interval. The 1-12th and 13-35th slices were defined as rib roast and sirloin, respectively. High quality digital image of each section were taken by a mirror type carcass camera. For each section, the following were measured using the image analysis software (Beef Analyzer II) : rib-eye area, fat area ratio, number of small flecks, small flecks index, overall coarseness index, maximum particle index for coarseness, minor-major axis ratio, and complexity of rib-eye shape. The rib-eye shape flattened toward the last rib. The fat area ratio for rib roast and then increased toward the last section for sirloin. Marbling was coarser towards the last section. There was no specific section showing a high index of maximum particle for coarseness, which indicated that the coarse marbling flecks appeared erratically. The correlation coefficients between the 6-7th section and the average of all sections were within the range of 0.15-0.61 for all traits except the fat area ratio. In contrast, correlation coefficients between the first slice of sirloin and average of all sections were within the range of 0.68-0.92 for all traits except the maximum particle index for coarseness. Some individual differences were recognized in degrees of marbling between cross sections of the 6-7th rib and sirloin, so the measurement for degree of marbling at 10-11th rib might be necessary in detail analysis of meat quality to investigate the whole rib.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
Junichi INAGAKI2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages 447-451
Published: November 25, 2007
Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve the self-supplied feed rate, several policies are implemented, however imported roughage has increased but farmland for raising forage crop has not changed. To improve the self-supplied feed rate, it is important to consider the means of increasing the roughage feed in dairy or beef breeding farm. There are two ways to increase farmland. One is to accumulate the adjoining lands, and the other is to move to another place. This paper proposed the way to accumulate farmland for raising forage crop by moving dairy farmland as an agricultural land holding rationalization project, and as public assets for an increase roughage production in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K)
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