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Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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IV. Influence of clover extract on the formation on B2, B6, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid in the rumen of goatNaomi TAKAHASHI, Masayuki GOTO1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 113-118
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extract of dried Ladino Clover meal prepared with the medium of dil HCl and aceton (1: 1) at pH 1-2 were infused into the rumen of goat through fistula and its influence on the formation of vitamin B2, B6, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid in the rumen was examined.
In the period of usual feeding, the goat was given 500 grams of dried hay at 9:00 A. M. and then 250 grams of concentrate at 4: 30 P. M. as the basal feeding. In the period of experiment, the clover extract was infused into the rumen through fistula before feeding of dried hay at 9: 00 A. M. and this infusion was executed for 14 days successively. In both of the periods rumen contents were taken through fistula before the infusion of extract or the feeding of dried hay at 9: 00 A. M. for 7 days from the eighth through fourteenth day.
The amounts of B2, B6, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid in these rumen contents were estimated by the methods of chemical and microbiological assay and these values in both periods were compared with each other.
As the results it was ascertained that in the period of usual feeding the values of B2, B6, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid were 4.6-7.2μg, 7.7-9.2μg, 47.0-66.0μg and 31.9-48.5μg and those values in the period of experiment were 5.6-8.2μg, 7.3-8.1μg, 49.3-103.4μg and 11.4-30.1μg Per gram of dry matter of each samples respectively.
From these results it was concluded that the infusion of clover extract into the rumen should have influenced on the activity of microorganisms in the rumen and the biosynthetic formation of vitamins was affected by the extract.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
IV. Amount of relationship between the populations of the important breeders and the prefectural populationsAkira TAKEBE, Ken NOZAWA1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 119-124
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate how the dairy cattle populations kept by the important breeders as main producers and importers of breeding bulls are pedigrically connected with the prefectural populations of the dairy cattle in Japan which can be considered as closed units with respect to insemination activities, the authors sampled pedigrees of cattle from the six important breeders' populations and the seventeen prefectural populations in 1950 and 1960 and calculated the coefficients of relationship between them, using Wright and McPhee's method.
The results obtained are summarized in comparison with the coefficients of relationship between and within the prefectural populations reported in the previous papers as follows:
1. The amount of relationship between the important breeders' populations and the prefectural populations is somewhat higher in 1950 and somewhat lower in 1960 than that between the prefectural populations, but evidently lower than that within the prefectural populations in both years. And it apparently tended to increase from 1950 to 1960.
2. However, the amount of relationship between the important breeders' populations of 1950 and the prefectural populations of 1960 is clearly higher than those between and within the prefectural populations of both years. Time lag exists in creating the relationship between them. It is, moreover, clearly higher than those between the prefectural populations of 1950 and of 1960. In particular, it can be noticed that it is higher than the value within the prefectural populations. This suggests a hierarchic structure of the dairy cattle populations of this country with the important breeders at its top.
3. In both years there are significant correlations between the amount of relationship and the geographical distance between populations. But the amount of relationship between the breeders' populations in 1950 and the prefectural populations in 1960 is observed not to correlate with distance between them.
4. The correlation coefficients between the amounts of relationship of different years indicate that the prefectural populations tend to preserve a constant relationship to every important breeders. That is to say, it may be conceivable that a particular prefecture does not tend to strengthen the relationship to a particular important breeder.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
II. Effects of the irradiation on fertility of male mouseRyoichi TANAKA, Takao KASHIWABARA1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 125-129
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Ds-strain adult male mice were irradiated for 1 (1H) and 3.5 (3.5H) hours in the No. 7 hole of JRR-1 respectively (these mice were the same as those in report No. 1). Each of the treated male mice were mated individually to adult nulliparous fertile female and after they were raised in the same cage for 10 days or 15 days, each male mouse was mated again to another nulliparous one. This mating schedule was continued until 120 days after irradiation in 1H group and 100 days in 3.5H group. Regarding the female mouse which was separated from the treated male mouse, presence of parturition, litter size, number of stillbirth and sex distinction were recorded. Since the fertility of irradiated male mouse differs with different days after the irradiation, the obtained data were classified into three periods. These three periods were as follows: 1st to 25th day; 26th to 60th day; and 61st to 120th day (3.5H group 61th to 100th day) after irradiation.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The fertility of treated male mouse decreased continuously during 1st to 120th day after irradiation in 1H group and to 100th day after irradiation in 3.5H group, however, the temporary sterile period was not appeared in both groups. The rate of parturition per mated female by the irradiated male mouse differed with elapsed days after the irradiation, that is, the fertility of 26th to 60th day after irradiation in 1H group and both 26th to 60th day and 61st to 100th day after the irradiation in 3.5H group were lower than that of the control. The fertility of 3.5H group has a tendency to be lower than that of 1H group.
2. The litter size of 1H group was smaller than that of the control during 26th to 60th day after the irradiation, but that of 3.5H group was smaller than that of the control during 1st to 100th day after the irradiation. It was considered that a dominant lethal was induced in spermatozoa of 1H group and in all germ cells of 3.5H group by pile irradiation.
3. The percentages of stillbirth at F1 generation during 1st to 25th day and 26th to 60th day in 1H group were higher than that of the control. There was no relation between litter size and stillbirth.
4. The sex ratio at birth in F1 generation of the treated male mouse showed no variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Ryohachiro NAKAMURA, Joji YOSHIDA, Shusaku HORI1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 130-135
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the objective to reveal the effect of delignifications on the high fibrous material, waterwashed and humin-deprived peat, as an original material, was treated with various delignifying agents such as lime, caustic alkali, sulfite or basic solvent.
Treatments with sulfite or basic solvent eliminated more lignin than those with lime or caustic alkali, indicating the more lignin eliminated, the more cellulose contained and the less DM (dry matter) yielded in treated materials.
In 72hr digestion trials on a fistulated cattle by rumen bag method, DM or cellulose digestibilities of treated materials showed highly significant inverse correlations to their lignin contents, while in 24hr in vitro incubations with rumen liquors, DM digestibilities and VFA formations gave similar correlations to the above mentioned ones. In the latter case, acetic and propionic acid were the greater part of VFA formed from incubated materials, and the more cellulose contained, the more acetic formed in the incubates.
So far as our investigation is concerned, it was concluded that the improvement of the digestibility and availability of treated materials was influenced primarily with the degree of delignifications even if the same matial was treated with various delignifying agents.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
Shichiro SUGAWARA1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 136-141
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFree amino acids of blastocoelic fluid, uterine fluid, maternal serum and peritoneal fluid before and during implanation or following ovariectomy were estimated by amino acid autoanalyser (KLA-3B type Hitachi Ltd.).
The total of 18 free amino acids were identified both in blastocoelic fluid of blastocysts from 6 to 8 days p. c. (post coitus) and in the uterine fluids.
The major amino acids identified in blastocoelic fluid were glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, valine and they occupied over 90% of total free amino acid estimated.
The concentrations of the total and of most of the individual free amino acids in blastocoelic fluid were greater than those in uterine fluid, peritoneal fluid and maternal serum. In 6 and 7 day blastocyst, the concentration of glycine and alanine was nine and sixteen times higher than the concentration found in the maternal serum and peritoneal fluid.
In the blastocoelic fluid from the blastocysts before implantation stage (6, 7 days p. c.), the concentration of most of free amino acids was, in general, greater than the concentration estimated in the blastocyst during implantation from 7 1/2 to 8 days p. c.
During implantation stage, the concentration of these amino acids in blastocoelic fluid decreased and was comparable to their level in maternal fluid.
Ovariectomy at 6 days p. c. had an effect on the concentration of glycine, serine, glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid and lysine in the blastocoelic fluid at 7 days p. c. While the concentration of alanine, threonine and valine did not alter following ovariectomy. The biological significance of free amino acid in blastocyst was discussed in comparison with the uterine fluid, maternal serum and ovarian function.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
II. On the adrenal weights and adrenocorticoids levels in both blood plasma and adrenal tissues of various animalsYoshiyuki SASAKI, Taiji DÔGO, Ryôji KAWASHIMA, Shôji ...1971 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 142-148
Published: March 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the specificity of adrenocortical function in ruminants, the authors attempted to compare adrenal weights, 11 OHCS levels in both plasma and adrenal tissues and F/B ratio among various animals in this experiment. Cattle (Japanese Black and Holstein), sheep (Japanese Corriedale), rabbits (Japanese native), domestic fowls (White Leghorn) and rats (Wistar Breed) were used.
1. The order of the magnitude on the adrenal weight per unit of body weight was as follows; cattle<sheep<domestic fowls<rabbits<rats. However, when the adrenal weight was converted into the weight per unit of metabolic body weight, difference among species was not evident. Then, it is supposed that the adrenal glands of cattle and sheep may be as important as those of other animals, functionally.
2. The concentrations of 11 OHCS in plasma of ruminant swere lower (under 4 μg/100 ml) than all other animals.
3. The levels of 11 OHCS in adrenal glands of cattle and sheep were higher than that of rabbits and rats. But, this may be due to the condition under which the adrenal glands were taken.
4. The F/B ratio in plasma of ruminants was over 3.0, which indicates predominant corticoid in plasma was cortisol.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K)
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