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Volume 50, Issue 7
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yasushi IZUMI1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 443-452
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe four rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were fed on orchardgrass hay, orchardgrass silage or corn silage with concentrate at four levels of forge to concentrate ratio (100: 0, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75, on the dry matter basis). The rations were fed twice daily in equal portions at 9:00 and 17: 00. The concentration of NH3-N and total VFA, and pH values were determined on rumen liquor taken through the fistulae immediately before feeding (9:00) and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8hrs after the morning feeding. The principal results obtained were as follows: When cows were fed hay rations, the concentration of NH3-N and the molar proportion of butyric acid and iso-valeric acid increased, while ruminal pH and the molar proportion of acetic acid decreased in proportion to the increase in the concentrate part of the rations. The concentration of NH3-N in the rumen of cows receiving grass silage rations, and also the molar proportion of butyric acid in the rumen of cows given corn silage rations, decreased proportionally with the increase of concentrate parts of the rations, Jap. J. Zootech. Sci., 50 (7): 443-452, 1979View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Kosuke TAKATORI, Sueo KONDOH1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 453-459
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors investigated the fungal distribution in the swine feeds. The collected samples were 30: formula feeds (8), barley (3), corn (5), wheat bran (5), soy bean meal (4), alfalfa meal (2) and fish meal (3). Most of samples were 103.0-104.0 per gram in fungal contamination. As the fungal distribution, Aspergillus and Penicillium were dominant. In Aspergillus, A. flavus (corn and formula feeds), A. glaucus (corn, wheat bran, soy bean meal and formula feeds) and A. versicolor (wheat bran and formula feeds) were widely distributed in the feeds. In Penicillium, P. citrinum, P. oxalicum and P. rugulosum were predominant. In the fungi except Aspergillus and Penicillium, Mucor was widely distributed and Candida, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Scopulariopsis and Wallemia were slightly predominant. As regards the producibility of some mycotoxins, the authors investigated aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin whose metabolites were produced by A. flavus and A. versicolor respectively. Aflatoxin productions were observed in 8 out of 31 strain of A. flavus. Sterigmatocystin productions were detected in 11 out of 19 strains of A. versicolor. Especially aflatoxin Bl was produced 168.300ppm by A. flavus isolated from corn and 54.17ppm by that obtained from soy bean meal. Reproductive amounts of aflatoxin B1 by other 6 strains were less than 5.40ppm. Eleven strains of A. versicolor produced the sterigmatocystin under 1.0ppm, but about 60per cent of A. versicolor was capable of producing sterigmatocystin. In this study, the authors discussed on the fungal distribution of swine feeds and on the mycotoxin producibility by A. flavus and A. versicolor.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
Yukio AKIBA, Shigeru SHIRATORI, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 460-464
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of dietary fibers on liver lipid accumulation in chicks fed a low-fat diet were investigated. Fourteen-day old Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks were given a basal diet (fat content 6%) or a low-fat diet (fat content 0.4%) for 14 days. by force-feeding. Three kinds of fiber powder (cellulose, polyethylene and polyamide) were supplemented at the level of 4 percent to each diet. Feeding of the low-fat diet increased both liver weight and liver lipid to approximately twice and three-fold as much as those of the basal diet, respectively, and decreased abdominal fat weight remarkably. Feeding of cellulose depressed liver lipid content in chicks fed the basal diet more remarkably than in the chicks fed the low-fat diet. Feed ing of polyethylene depressed liver lipid in chicks fed the low-fat diet more remarkably than in the chicks fed the basal diet. These results suggest that the effect of dietary cellulose on lipid metabolism is influenced by dietary fat content and is different from that of polyethylene, a synthetic fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Hideo YANO, Hajime MATSUI, Ryoji KAWASHIMA1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 465-470
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix sheep were divided into three groups. Each group was given a ration containing respectively 0.1, 0.6 and 1.2% calcium. The dietary calcium level was adjusted by the addition of calcium carbonate. Polyethylene glycol was utilized as a marker. After 67 days feeding, all sheep were sacrificed 2 hours after the morning feeding. Digestive contents were taken from the rumen, omasum, abomasum, upper small intestine, middle small intestine, lower small intestine, cecum and colon. Iron and copper concentrations in dry matter of digesta sampled from the upper part of small intestine decreased with the elevation of dietary calcium. In the sites of rumen, omasum and abomasum, the copper was also lower in sheep given the highest calcium ration than in animals fed with the lowest. The decrease in iron and copper secretion into the digestive tract might be induced by a consecutive high calcium intake. Zinc in the rumen, the abomasum and the upper small intestine tended to be decreased by the addition of calcium carbonate. Manganese in dry matter of digesta taken from the colon had a trend to increase and those in supernatant from the cecum and the colon, on the contrary, lowered with the elevation of dietary calcium. These results suggested that a high calcium intake might result in the changes of zinc and manganese metabolism in rumi-nants.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Iwao TASAKI1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 471-478
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was carried out, using goats sustained by abomasal feeding, to investigate the effect of dietary casein level on the utilization of dietary nitrogen and carbohydrates as well as on the changes of some blood constituents. The results obtained were discussed in comparison with those reported by other workers on monogastric animals. 1) Apparent digestibility of protein tended to increase with an increase of dietary casein level from 10% to 20%, but the true digestibility of protein was not changed by the dietary casein level. The result was similar to that obtained by other workers using pigs or rats. A significant increase in nitrogen retention was observed when dietary casein level was increased from 10% to 20%. 2) The biological value of casein was not changed by the dietary casein level (10-20%), and the average value was 57%. This figure was almost the same as that of rats. 3) The concentration of blood urea-nitrogen significantly increased with an increase of dietary casein level, and was proportional to the nitrogen retention. This result shows that the blood urea serves as reserved nitrogen which is of nutritional significance with regards to blood urea in the nitrogen metabolism of ruminants. 4) The concentration of plasma total protein was not changed by an increase of dietary casein level, and was within the range generally accepted in mammals. 5) The digestibility of starch tended to increase with an increase of dietary casein level, though there was no significant difference. The abomasally-infused glucose was almost completely absorbed from the intestinal lumen, and this shows that the absorption of glucose in the post-ruminal alimentary tract of goats may be similar to that of mono-gastric animals.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Tsutomu FUJIHARA, Tadakazu FURUHASHI, Iwao TASAKI1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 479-487
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the singularity of fore-stomach of ruminants, the utilization of nutrients and energy was compared between ruminal and abomasal feedings using goats fitted with permanent fistulas both at the rumen and at the abomasum as well as a tracheal cannula. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Apparent digestibility of starch was very high in ruminal feeding (98.6%) but low digestibility was observed when the same diet was infused into the abomasum (57.0%). When a diet containing 30% glucose and 45% cornstarch was infused into the abomasum, glucose was completely disappeared from the digestive tract and starch digestibility rose to 73%. From these findings, it is suggested that low digestibility of starch in the post-ruminal alimentary tract of ruminants is not due to the defect of the absorption of glucose produced by starch digestion, but to the defect of starch digestion itself. 2) When a diet containing 75% cornstarch was introduced into the rumen of goats, heat production was 5.1kcal per kg of metabolic body size per hour, and when the same diet was infused into the abomasum, heat production declined to 4.5kcal per kg of metabolic body size per hour. 3) When the diet was given ruminally, heat increment was found to be 30% of metabolizable energy, but when the same diet was given abomasally, it was reduced to 16%. VFA synthesis and its utilization in the rumen can explain the difference of heat increment between ruminal and abomasal feedings of the diet. 4) When the diet containing 75% cornstarch was given into the rumen and abomasum, blood glucose level was not changed after feeding, whereas, when the diet containing 30% glucose was infused into the abomasum, blood glucose level increased after feeding. From this result, it is suggested that readily available carbohydrate introduced into the post-ruminal alimentary tract is utilized by ruminants as ffectively as by non-ruminants.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Yoshinori TAMAKI, Shozo WATANABE1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 488-492
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe existence and characterization of chicken liver alkaline phosphatase isozymes by neuraminidase, urea and heat treatments using horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were investigated to clarify the relationship between plasma and liver alkaline phosphatase isozymes in 5-week-old Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks. Liver alkaline phosphatase comprised three isozymes. The zymogram of an individual chicken liver had two bands, either the faster (F) or the slower (S) moving band by isozyme types and the B band irrespective of isozyme types. The B band was labile to urea (4M)and heat (60°C) treatments. Mobility of the S band in liver was not affected by neuraminidase. The treatment had a reduced migration rate of the F band equal to that of the S band and the B band of both types closer to the origin. These results agreed with those in plasma and thus the genetic control of plasma alkaline phosphatase isozymes was suggested to be applicable to the liver alkaline phosphatase isozymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K) -
Yukio TSUNODA, Tadashi SUGIE1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 493-498
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antiserum against isolated pig zonae pellucidae was produced in a single goat. The zonae pellucidae were obtained from unfertilized follicular eggs by mincing pig ovaries. The antibody titer was determined by zona precipitate, indirect immunofluorescence and labelled zona precipitate. The antibody titer was gradually increased as the time sequence following immunization and the titer of serum after the nineth injection was 26 by zona precipitate and 210 by indirect immunofluorescence and labelled zona precipitate. The antibody titer did not change after absorption with pig liver, kidney, oviduct and uterus extracts, red blood cells and follicular fluid but clearly declined after absorption with pig isolated zonae pellucidae.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Yasuo KUZUYA, Tamotsu TANAHASHI, Yoshihiro KANAMARU1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 499-506
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acid phosphatase of goat milk has been purified by ion-exchange chromatography on Amberlite CG-50 resin followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and a further purification step on CM-Sephadex C-50. These gave an enzyme with a specific activity of about 8.2unit/mg protein. The molecular weight determined using Sephadex G-100 was about 43000. The enzyme was inhibited by F-, Al3+, a number of heavy metals and oxidizing agents. The inhibition of enzyme by Hg2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ ions was reversed by ethylenediamine tetraacetate. In the case of Hg2+, inhibition of enzyme was also reversed by 2-mercaptoethanol. But this reagent was without effect on enzyme inhibition by Zn2+ and Al3+. The enzyme was not inhibited by metal chelating agents. The SH-blocking agents at pH 3.0, 4.8 and 6.9 had little effect on the enzyme activity. Some reducing agents had activating properties. Furthermore, L-cysteine had no significant effect on enzyme inhibition by some SH-blocking agents. A comparison of goat and bovine milk acid phosphatases revealed that the two enzymes were similar in molecular weight and effect of some of the activators and inhibitors on enzymic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Yung-yi SUNG, Ien-neng CHIANG, Chein TAI1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 507-509
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (216K) -
Sueo NIIMURA, Hiroyuki SASAKI, Kazuo ISHIDA1979 Volume 50 Issue 7 Pages 510-511
Published: July 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (803K)
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