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Volume 66, Issue 7
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Kenji TSUNODA, Ken NOZAWA, Shin OKAMOTO, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI, Luping SU ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 585-593
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExamination was made of local populations of sheep, raised in Lufeng and Lunan in the central part of Yunnan province, to clarify phylogenetic relationships with 8 populations of Nepalese native sheep breeds (Bhyanglung, Baruwal, Kagi and Lampuchhre) and 3 populations of Bangladeshi native sheep, based on blood protein and non-protein polymorphisms which were determined electrophoretically and photometrically. Clear differences in allele frequencies within Yunnan populations were seen at 7 of 20 loci examined: Tf, Alp, Lap, Hb-β, X-p, Cat and Ly, but none were seen for average heterozygosity, H. The Yunnan populations differed conspicuously in allele frequencies at the Tf Alp and ME loci from all Nepalese and Bangladeshi populations. They were similar to all Bhyanglung and Baruwal populations at the X-p locus, and to most Kagi, Bangladeshi and Lampuchhre populations at the Ke locus. H of the Yunnan populations was high (18-19%) and parallelled that of the Bangladeshi populations, especially Jessore-Khulna and Mymensingh (18-20%), compared with other local populations (7-18%). In NEI'S genetic distance and principal component analysis based on allele frequencies at all loci and polymorphic loci, the Yunnan populations were more closely related to the Kagi, Bangladeshi and Lampuchhre populations of Indian sheep, but not to the Bhyanglung or Baruwal populations of Tibetan sheep.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
Youhei KUROSE, Hideo YANO, Akira MIYAZAKI1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 594-598
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to examine the participation of serotonin (5 HT) in the regulation of appetite in rats acclimated to hot (33°C) and temperate (26°C) environments. The central administration of noradrenaline exerted a stimulative effect on food intake at 26 and 33°C. However, the increment of food intake after noradrenaline administration at 33°C was less than that at 26°C (0.4 vs. 1.0g). Cyproheptadine, a 5 HT antagonist, did not stimulate feeding in rats given noradrenaline at the two temperatures. Food intake was increased by cyproheptadine alone at 26°C, but not at 33°C. Thus, serotoninergic activity might not be correlated with the suppression in eating elicited by noradrenaline in the hot environment. In a daytime, there was not a significant difference in food intake between the two temperatures before p-chloro-phenylalanine (PCPA), a 5HT depletor, was given. Food intake was significantly (p<0.01) increased by PCPA in daytime and nighttime at the two temperatures. However, the food intake at 33°C was significantly (p<0.01) less than that at 26°C. The results of the present study suggest that the activation of serotoninergic neurons may not be the main factor controlling food intake inhibitively in a hot environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Yoshio HAMANO, Shu YAMAZAKI, Itaru HONMA, Shigeki KOBAYASHI, Yoshiaki ...1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 599-604
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of a β-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol (CL), on growth and muscle composition were examined in broiler chicks treated with or without thyroxine (T4). Fourteen day-old chicks were divided into 6 groups of 6 birds each and fed experimental diets incorporating T4 (0 or 1.2ppm) and CL (0, 1 or 2ppm) for 12 days. CL treatments decreased (P<0.05) body weight gain in regard to T4 treatment, but did not affect feed intake or feed efficiency. Dietary CL and T4 increased (P<0.01) protein content in breast muscles. A significant interaction between T4 and CL treatments was detected (P<0.05) in the fat content and protein: DNA ratio in the breast muscles. The CL treatment decreased (P<0.05) fat content in T4-untreated chicks but not in T4-treated birds. Dietary CL in increased (P<0.05) the protein: DNA ratio dosedependently in the chicks untreated with T4. When the birds were treated with T4, this ratio increased (P<0.05) and reached a plateau at a lower dose (1 ppm) of CL. CL treatments increased (P<0.01) RNA: DNA ratio in regard to T4 treatment. These results suggest that CL-induced muscle hypertrophy in broiler chicks involves thyroid status.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Kenji MOMOZAWA, Yoshinori FUKUDA1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 605-609
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe object of this study was to evaluate the abilities of bovine oocytes with heterogeneous (unevenly glanulated) ooplasm for maturation and fertilization in vitro. The oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCS) were aspirated from 2-5mm follicles of ovaries collected at a local abattoir. The OCCS were divided into two groups for the appearance of their ooplasm, heterogeneous as experiment, and homogeneous (finely, evenly granulated) as control. The OCCS (about 10OCCS/50μl drop) were cultured for 20-24h in 12.5mM HEPES buffered TCM 199 supplemented with 0.3mM Na pyruvate, 0.5IU/ml h-FSH (containing 2.32U/ml LH) and 1μg/ml E2. The maturation rate of the oocytes with heterogeneous ooplasm after 24h culture was significantly higher than that of the control ones (96.7% vs 80.8%, P<0.05). Sperm capacitation was induced by Ca ionophore-heparin treatment, in which washed sperm were treated with 0.1μM A23187 for 1min and preincubated for 3h in the medium containing 1 unit/ml heparin. The OCCS cultured for 24h were inseminated in a microtube (about 10OCCS/50μl medium) with 10, 000, 7, 500 or 5, 000 capacitated sperm. The fertilization rates 3h after insemination in the heterogeneous group and in the homogeneous group were 93.0% and 77.5% at 10, 000 sperm, 80.9% and 61.7% at 7, 500 sperm, and 34.1% and 42.0% at 5, 000 sperm respectively. The nomal (monospermic) fertilization rates were 46.5% and 42.5% at 10, 000 sperm, 63.8% and 46.9% at 7, 500 sperm and 29.3% and 39.5% at 5, 000 sperm respectively. The highest rate of normal fertilization was achieved at 7, 500 sperm (150sperm/μl) in both two groups and the rate of nomal fertilization in the oocytes with heterogeneous ooplasm tended to be higher than that in the oocytes with homogeneous ooplasm (63.8% vs 46.9%, P<0.1).View full abstractDownload PDF (924K) -
Yasuo TANAKA, Takashi OSADA, Kiyonori HAGA, Koremoto MORISHITA1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 610-617
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrihalomethanes (THMs) form when chlorine reacts with certain naturally-occuring organic molecules (THM precursors) during the disinfection of drinking water. THMs are believed to have significant carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Livestock barn wastewater could be one of the sources of THMs precursors in some area. Characteristics of the livestock barn wastewater in determination of trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were examined to establish efficient and reliable analytical method. It was suggested that determination of break point was important for measuring THMFP with proper chlorine dose. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict appropriate chlorine dosage for THMFP analysis. High coefficient of correlation (0.994) was obtained between chlorine dosage as criterion variate and COD, NH4-N and E260 as explanatory variates. Appropriate chlorine dose would be predicted by determining COD, NH4-N and E260. Median values of THMFP of 12 samples from 11 livestock barns were 7, 677μg/l for influents of treatment facilities and 569μg/l for effluents. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn. J 66(7):610-617, 1995)View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Kouichi KAKU1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 618-629
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI investigated how the livestock producers should participate in the domestic egg and pork futures markets in the future. In 1993, 60% of eggs and 35% of pork were produced by nonfarmer producers. Main producers of egg and pork are now shifting from farmers to companies, on a commercial basis. The data for the livestock futures on CME (Live Hog, Frozen Pork Bellies, Feeder Cattle) from 1983 to 1993, and the data for the commodities on domestic futures markets (Red Beans, American Soybeans, Corn, Raw Sugar, Dry Cocoon, Raw Silk, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Rubber) from 1988 to 1993, and the data for the domestic cash pork and egg were used in this study. Rate of Changes (ROC) on prices of egg and pork during one-year, six-months and onemonth are high in comparison with the 13 futures commodities. Coefficient of correlation between the ratio of the days which are not backwardation to the examined period and the profit and loss by Roll hedge was significantly high on domesitic commodities (p<0.01) and CME livestok futures (p<0.01). These results indicate that most commodities of Storables have a larger ratio of the days which aren't backwardation and on the Storables sellers have many possibilities to get profit in the futures markets. On the Storables, relationship between the profit and loss by Roll hedge on 10 domestic futures commodities and the operation years of Roll hedge suggests that Roll hedge of a long term has good possibilites to bring profit both to hedgers and speculators. The price index on the livestock which is now under investigation can be regarded as the Nonstorables. So the domestic livestock producers should be hedgers by selling in the livestock futures markets under the limits of their output so that they could carry on stabilized enterprises.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Changes in Peptide and Free Amino Acid Contents of Different Bovine Muscle Homogenate during StorageMasayuki MIKAMI, Mari NAGAO, Mitsuo SEKIKAWA, Hiroyuki MIURA1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 630-638
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeptide and free amino acid content in the seven muscles obtained from Holstein steer were investigated. Bovine muscles used were M. biceps femoris (BF), M. semimembranosus (SM), M. psoas major (PM), M. longissimus thoracis (LT), M. longissimus lumborum (LL), M. serratus ventralis (SV) and M. sternomandibularis (SB) 2 days after slaughter and were homogenized. The contents of peptides varied widely among muscles, ranging from 69.1 to 143.8mg and from 264.1 to 464.8mg per 100g meat 2 and 21 days after slaughter, respectively. Peptide contents in the BF and LL were higher than those of other muscles; the increments in peptides in these two muscles were also higher than those of other muscles during storage. On the other hand, the contents and increments in peptides in the SB were lowest during storage. Total free amino acid contents in the muscles were 83.3-154.3mg per 100g meat. These values were similar to those of peptide contents 2 days after slaughter. Total free amino acid contents in the muscles 21 days after slaughter measured from 176.0 to 220.6mg per 100g meat. Total free amino acid content in SB was the highest 2 days after slaughter, but its increment was the lowest during storage among muscles. The increment of total free amino acids was the highest in the LL during storage, although the content was the lowest 2 days after slaughter. These findings indicate that the activities of endgenous proteases vary widely among muscles. Ala content was the highest of the free amino acids in each muscle and increased only slightly during storage except PM. Glu content varied among the muscles and was higher in the SB than that of other muscles. Glu content in the SB was high 2 days after slaughter measuring 44.08mg per 100g meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K) -
Kotaro TADA, Toshiro SUZUKI1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 639-643
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to investigate the effect of pressure treatment (150MPa, 0°C, 10min) on the heat-induced gelation of WPI The effect of pH(4.0-9.0), salt concentration (0.05-1.0M KCl), heating temperature (65-90°C) and blocking of SH-groups by N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM, 1-10mM) were examined. WPI formed a gel at pH6.0-9.0 in 0.1-1.0M KCl (maximum work done values were observed at pH7.0-8.0 in 0.2-0.4M KCl). Pressure-treated WPI showed higher work done values than non-pressure-treated WPI over the KCl concentration ranges 0.1 to 0.5M. Both pressure-treated WPI and non-pressure-treated WPI started to form a heat-induced gel at 75°C. Pressure-treated WPI showed higher work done values than non-pressure-treated WPI from 75 to 90°C. Work done values of WPI generally increased proportionately to heating temperature up to 85°C, and remained constant over 85°C. WPI started to form a gel at protein concentrations of 30mg/g and work done values increased dramatically at WPI protein concentrations of 50mg/g. When the KCl concentration ranged from 0 to 1.0M, pressure-treated WPI showed higher concentrations of SH-groups than non-pressure-treated WPI, with maximum increase observed from 0 to 0.4M. Work done values of both pressure-treated and non-pressure-treated WPI decreased when NEM was added to WPI in 0.2M or 0.8M KCl at concentrations between 0 and 2mM, but remained constant when it ranged from 2 to 10mM.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Kotaro TADA, Toshiro SUZUKI1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 644-650
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to investigate the effect of pressure treatment (150MPa, 0°C, 10min) on the heat-induced gelation of mixture of actomyosin (20mg/g) and Whey Protein Isolate (WPI, 50mg/g). The effect of pH (6.0-7.5), salt concentration (0.1-1.0M KCl), heating temperature (70, 80 and 85°C), blocking of SH-groups by N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM, 1-10mM) were examined. The fine structure of gels were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When the heating temperature ranged from 80 to 85°C at pH 6.0-7.0, pressure-treated mixture showed higher work done values than non-pressure-treated samples. In particular, at KCl concentrations of approximately 0.2M, compared with non-pressure-treated mixture, pressure-treated samples formed stronger gels and the work done values increased dramatically. When mixtures in 0.2M KCl were treated with NEM prior to pressure treatment, the work required to compress the resultant gels showed a decrease of between 0 and 4mM NEM but remained constant from 4 to 10mM NEM. As a result of SEM observations of non-pressure-treated mixture in 0.2M KCl, actomyosin molecules were recognized to exist separately from WPI molecules. On the other hand, pressure treatment combined them together and they formed network structures. Also gel formation of mixture of actomyosin and WPI was promoted very much by pressure treatment at low salt concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Tsutomu HASHIZUME1995 Volume 66 Issue 7 Pages 651-665
Published: July 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 10, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1181K)
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